The history of the Jews in Russia has been in a state of despair. As critical historians, the value and worth of an article can only work by assessing the article in relation to the overall subject/topic. By analyzing the primary source document as a critical historian, “The Massacre of Jews at Kishinev” by N. Tchaykovsky, the value and worth of the article can be achieved.
The article, “The Massacre of Jews at Kishinev,” describes the violent pogrom that occurred in Kishinev, Russia in the year 1903. The overall meaning of the document was a means to further detail the horrors and atrocities being committed by Russia on the Jews.
The historical context of this pogrom can be traced back to the beginnings of Jews living in Russia. In the beginning
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This policy is outlined in the document “Statues Regarding the Military Service of Jews,” mentions how “The objective of this system was to alienate the Jewish youth from their families and religion (forbidden to practice Judaism and Yiddish, obliged to attend classes in Christian dogma and ritual). Needless to say, this institution weakened the moral authority of the traditional leadership—precisely what the government desired” (Mendes-Flohr and Reinharz 353). This quote exemplifies the length Nicholas I went to weaken the core of the Russian Jewish community in order to forcibly control assimilating the Jews into Russian …show more content…
In “Delineation of the Pale of Settlement,” passed by Nicholas I in 1835, it “clearly defined the boundaries of the Pale of Settlement” (Mendes-Flohr and Reinharz 354). In the “May Laws,” passed by Alexander III in 1882, was based from “a commission to investigate the cause of the disturbances. In its report the commission underscored the alleged failure of the liberal policies of Alexander II and pointed to ‘Jewish exploitation’ as the principal cause of the pogroms. Based on this report, the Temporary Laws were promulgated in May 1882….In effect they constituted a contradiction of the Pale of Settlement” (Mendes-Flohr and Reinharz 356). These two quotes exploited the Jews through the defined boundaries of the Pale of Settlement. The second quote contradicts the first, and ultimately incriminates the Jews—first by separating Jews from non-Jews and secondly, putting blame on the Jews for the recent
As soon as Jewish immigration increased, so did the tension between the two groups because each felt like they deserved the Palestine land. Zionism began early in the history of Judiasm and it was the movement for the Jews to establish a home in Palestine, and return to their holy land. During the Holocaust, six million Jews were killed and the deep-seeded hatre against them increased
In March 11, 1900 in a German town called Konitz the severed body parts of a human were discovered. Almost immediately, the blame fell on the Jewish. As Smith points out, anti-Semitism had been on a steady decline, and the anti-Semitics were looking for ways to revitalize the movement. The murder was an opportunity for anti-Semitics revive their movement. After the identity of the body was discovered to be Ernst Winter, the Staatsburgerzeitung, an anti-Semitic newspaper, printed several articles focusing on Konitz. Using unverified accounts from people in the town, it claimed that the murder was a ritual murder that had been carried out by the Jewish. The use of fear mongering was affective because the paper was a Berlin based paper so distribution was wide, and news of the murder traveled far. A crucial facet of the rise of anti-Semitism was due to anti-Semitic newspapers taking stories such as the Ernst Winter murder and using them to promote their cause. One of Smith’s sources, the Preuβische Jahrbṻcher, had a printed article written by Heinrich von Treitschke who was an historian; in which one of his quotes was “The Jews are our misfortune.” His article was what later spurred the German population’s turn from liberalism a...
Kristallnacht, a wave of violent anti-Jewish pogroms, took place on November 9 and 10, 1938 and is often referred to as the "Night of Broken Glass." Organized by Goebbels and Heydrich, head of the Security Service, the campaign of violence resulted in the destruction of many synagogues and thousands of Jewish businesses. Nazis in Germany torched synagogues, vandalized Jewish homes, schools and businesses, killed close to 100 Jews, and sent more than 30,000 to Nazi concentration camps. Starting on November 9 and continuing into the next day, Nazi mobs vandalized and even burned down hundreds of synagogues throughout Germany and damaged, if not completely destroyed, thousands of Jewish homes, schools, businesses, hospitals and cemeteries.
...he So-Called Mischlinge.” The Holocaust and History. Ed. Michael Berenbaum and Abraham J. Peck. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1998. 155-133.
In this essay, I will break down this passage from Antin’s book, The Promised Land, into its components. I will explain how those components fit together and discuss their possibilities of meaning. Antin’s discourse will be reviewed and the fit of this piece into her discourse will be evaluated. In doing these steps, it will put the meaning behind Antin’s words that the attempts of the Gentiles to break and convert the Jewish people of Russia brings them closer together and to God in the face of the tyranny of the Czar.
Norton, James. The Holocaust: Jews, Germany, and the National Socialists. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc., 2009. Print.
Hilberg, Raul. Perpetrators Victims Bystanders: Jewish Catastrosphe 1933-1945. First Edition. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1992. Print.
In a document associated with chapter twenty five; a journalist named Varian Fry highlights the facts surrounding the massacre of Jews. Throughout this document there is a continuous reoccurring theme of enlightenment
One of the largest Jewish revolts dated in the Holocaust, was that of the Warsaw Ghetto. In the year of 1943, residents of the ghetto had finally had enough of the overbearing Nazi soldiers and decided to launch a counterattack. An estimated group of 1,000 strong fought back with all they had, decimating around 300 hundred soldiers and critically injuring another 1,000 (“Jewish Resistance to the Nazi Genocide”). A...
In 1934, Sergey Kirov a rival to Stalin was murdered. Stalin is believed to have been behind the assassination, he used it as a pretext to arrest thousands of his other opponents who in his words might have been responsible for Kirov’s murder. These purges not only affected those who openly opposed Stalin but ordinary people too. During the rule of Stain o...
Even though Zionist and non-Zionist hearts bleed together at cruelty and mistreatment of Jews, there are many differences such as, the portrayal of Jews. “The basic proposition is that three-fourths of the Jews of the world are living in hopeless misery. Of the ten millions, one-half live in the pale of Settlement in Russia under conditions which have been depicted repeatedly to the horror of civilized mankind. One million are in Galicia, ni...
Dwork, Deborah, and R. J. Van Pelt. Holocaust: a History. New York: Norton, 2002. Print.
"A Teacher's Guide to the Holocaust-Victims." A Teacher's Guide to the Holocaust-Victims. University of South Florida. Web. 19 May 2014.
I was privileged to know some of my maternal great-grandparents, my gentile great-grandparents, although one of them died shortly before my birth. I never had the chance to know any of my paternal great-grandparents, my Jewish great-grandparents. They were taken from me. I am not alone in my grief. Every Jew has lost family and friends in the Holocaust, which we call the Shoah, the calamity. Despite this deep-rooted ancestral pain, the Holocaust is not an exclusively Jewish trauma, although Jews were its most numerous victims. Yet Amis chooses to write almost exclusively about Jewish suffering in the Holocaust, which is something that a gentile cannot remotely understand or relate to. The passage recounting the story of the bomb baby was especially horrifying to read from the perspective of an irreverent goy. Reading about Jews being “picked up” (Amis 141) from a mass grave, being brought to life with carbon monoxide, and eventually crammed together in their hiding place, behind a removable panel in a cloth factory, while the secondary consciousness of a Nazi doctor looks on with concern, was frankly disturbing. Time’s Arrow is not a new and enthralling retelling of the Holocaust. It is the desecration of the murder of my
The. Platt, Kevin M. F. and David Brandenberger, eds., pp. 113-117. Epic Revisionism: Russian History and Literature as Stalinist Propaganda. Madison: U of Wisconsin Press, 2006.