INTRODUCTION:
In the sub-continent when Muslims were demoralized and subjugated by Hindus many Muslims leaders and conquers stood up for the freedom of the Muslims in such brilliant personalities ALLAMA IQBAL MUHAMMAD ALI JINNAH is one of them.
The poet of the east, Sir Allama Iqbal was born in Sialkot on 9 November 1877 and died in Lahore on 21 April 193. He completed his matric from Mission High School Sialkot and graduated in 1899 from Government College Lahore. He achieved his degree of MA in philosophy from the same college where he completed his graduation. In the same college he stay as lecturer in philosophy for six years. From 1905 to 1908 he studied philosophy and law at Trinity College, Cambridge. In Germany he obtained his degree
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Later, he assigned because he has become an out spoken critics of the educational department of the government. By the time, he was recognized as the most eminent poet and writer of Muslim India. During the next ten years, he participated in the public life of India
THE SPIRIT OF CHANGE:
Many wars and battles, shook Allama Iqbal powerfully and caused a deep wound upon his heart. In his mood of anger and frustration, he wrote a number of inspiring poems, which together with revealing the anguish of Muslims were severely critical of the West.
Spirit of change is manifest in many poems of Allama Iqbal. In all these poems, Allama Iqbal criticizes the spiritual backwardness of Muslim leaders who were devoid of religious knowledge and the heritage of Islamic values. He also describes that the leader of Muslim communities were not united in one platform due to which Muslims were become socially, economically, morally backward. Allama Iqbal wanted to merge all Muslims in one platform so that they could easily regain their lost regime
POLITICAL LIFE OF ALLAMA
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Iqbal, through his political understanding and poetic vision, as seen in his contributed ideas, poems, and political works, he elaborated for the Indian Muslims a political and separate ideology which forms a root for the separate Muslim state Pakistan, which is later known as the Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Allama Iqbal is generally known for initiating the idea of separation. There were people before him who promoted partition of the Hindu and Muslims of the subcontinent but Iqbal was the first person who gives the idea of two nation theory from the platform of the Muslim league. In his political address to the Muslim League’s annual session at Allahabad, Iqbal described the famous quotation during his address which gave him the title of the father of the Pakistan idea.
“I would like to see the Punjab, NWFP, Sind, Baluchistan combined into a single state as a self-government within the British Empire or without. This is the final destiny of the Muslims of North West
I am going to critically review a newspaper article on the death of Hamzah Khan from Bradford. I will discuss the main findings the research methodology and the way in which it may or may not be useful in the contribution to our understanding of child welfare. I will also include information on child abuse and on the different agencies. The newspaper article is called Hamzah Khan: the harrowing story of an 'invisible' child. (Pidd, 2013)
...ernment of India Act was passed in 1935 granting self-rile in India and democratic political reforms. However, as India got closer to independence, Hindus and Muslims began to disagree on government but in 1947 independence was granted. Immediately after independence India was split into two different nations, Pakistan, which had a majority of Muslim, and East Pakistan (“The End of Imperialism & Colonialism”).
There are two declarations of faith in Islam: That there is only one God and that Muhammad is the Messenger of God. In Memories of Muhammad, Omid Safi explores the ways in which Muhammad – both the historical and spiritual Muhammad – is remembered, commemorated, and contested by Muslims throughout the centuries. Safi focuses on the movements and moments in Muhammad’s life and after his death that for many Muslims best exemplify the teachings of Islam. He succeeds in opening up the dialogue to correct the negative portrayals of Muhammad and the religion of Islam, calling it a “Muhammad problem” in his introduction. Furthermore, he provides a book that is accessible and intelligible to both Muslims and non-Muslims, drawing from historical and spiritual sources, and addresses relevant issues contested between Muslims in relation to other religions, presenting Muhammad as a historical figure and one who is beloved by the Umma.
How can someone who lived hundreds of years ago have such a lasting impact on individuals throughout history? Today, Rumi’s influence can be seen throughout humanity. Even though he has been deceased for more than eight hundred years, he is the most widely read poet. Rumi’s poetry reflects the spiritual, political, and social aspects of his time as well as these same characteristics in modern society. With two of his poems, entitled “Those Who Don’t Feel This Love” and “One Who Does What the Friend Wants Done,” Rumi successfully demonstrates his keen cognizance of these aspects in mankind. His beliefs and dispositions, depicted in his work, emulate humanity as a whole, making it relevant in our world today.
Al Ghazali a significant person in Islam has helped shape Islam to be what it is today - a living religious tradition for the lives of its adherents. His contribution to Islam though his theories, knowledge and works have left a positive impact upon the Islamic world that continues into the present. An everlasting impact upon the faith, Muslims and the expansion of Islam to be one of the most popular religious traditions in the present world for the lives of its adherents is seen as Al Ghazali’s
One must examine the work as a reactionary piece to the issues of the time period it was written in, while insuring that it carries along the ideals it intends to redefine, without question. Works Cited Ramazani, Jahan. Richard Ellmann, Robert O’Clair, ed. The Norton Anthology of Modern And Contemporary Poetry. Vol.
The most threatening conflict between Hindus and Muslims is the province of Kashmir. This is where the decision to divide India into India and Pakistan seems to have been a terrible mistake. Kashmir, which is the only Muslim majority city in India, lies between the divided India and Pakistan. After India’s independence in the 1940’s, Kashmir had to choose to either unite with India or Pakistan. The Prince of Kashmir chose India but Pakistan invaded the province soon after and have occupied part of Kashmir since then. Controversy still surrounds the province today because naturally, Muslims want to control it. While many Muslims relocated to Pakistan and the Hindus to India, half of the Muslim population was left in India and their relations did not improve after being partially separated.
During the Cold War, many regional conflicts occurred and were noted as the significant battles which later led to decolonization. One of the regional conflicts were India and Pakistan fighting for their independence. In 1947, India was released under Great Britain’s control and gained its independence. However, the country was divided between Muslims and Hindus, which share different religions. Muslims wanted church and state to become unified while Hindus wanted a separation of these two establishments. Since these two ethnic groups disagreed, it was difficult to create a new government. Therefore, India was divided into two nations: India for the Hindus and Pakistan for the Muslims. Hindus and Muslims were racing to the border in order to get to their nation state which led to killing 500,000 people due to rioting. Although, Mohandas Gandhi, an Indian National Congressman, wanted to obtain peace between these two religions. Pakistan refused the H...
...re humorous form of satire within his novel, Kabir’s satiric works take on a more serious note. While Kabir was illiterate and therefore unable to compose his oral works, his work was still able to be recorded and spread throughout India, making him one of the most popular and quoted poet in India for the last thousand years. While Kabir also had many other types of works, it was his satire that allowed him to deliver his opinion on religion and the society he lived in. According to the Norton Anthology of World Literature, “He [Kabir] is likely to have been persecuted equally by orthodox Hindus, conservative Muslims, and political authorities for his outspoken criticism of society and organized religion.” Kabir had a strong opinion against organized religion and the ascription of human characteristics to God that took away from the purity of God in Kabir’s eyes.
"The Hindu : A View from Pakistan: Resolving Kashmir Now." The Hindu. Eqbal Ahmad, Nov. 1996. Web. 16 Nov. 2011. .
myriad poets who enriched its literature in diverse ways. But, Mahjoor has left the indelible mark on Kashmiri literature History is witness that the people of (J&K) suffered long under different rulers, including the Sikhs, Afghans and the Hindu Maharajas.They cried for independence in Kashmir giving numberlessvaluable sacrifices .This sad state of the people of Kashmir ineffaceably shaped the mental makeup and poetic oeuvre of this poet.
In this book , Esposito provides a succinct, up-to-date survey of the Islamic experience, an introduction to the faith, belief, and practice of Islam from its origins to its contemporary resurgence. He traces the emergence and development of this dynamic faith and its impact on world history and politics. He discusses the formation of Islamic belief and practice (law, theology, philosophy, and mysticism), chronicling the struggle of Muslims to define and adhere to their Islamic way of life. Equally important is the essential information Esposito provides on the contemporary world of Islam, from Muslim responses to the challenges of colonialism and modernization to the reassertion of Islam in politics and society.
From this surah also, the writer look over on new aspect of prophethood of Muhammad (PBUH) that was revealed in the sixth century A.D. At this time, there were so many ideologies were presented, such as Godless civilization of Western, or Greek that oppose with the story of greatness era of Muhammad’s prophethood. Their ideologies mostly not suits for the Muslim generation.
14 August, 1947, saw the birth of the new Islamic Republic of Pakistan. At midnight the next day India won its freedom from colonial rule, ending nearly 350 years of British presence in India. During the struggle for freedom, Gandhi had written an appeal "To Every Briton" to free their possessions in Asia and Africa, especially India (Philips and Wainwright, 567). The British left India divided in two. The two countries were founded on the basis of religion, with Pakistan as an Islamic state and India as a secular one.
We can start by recounting history, where the roots of the conflict lie. India was one massive nation made up of several states, ruled by the British. A long and difficult independence struggle culminated with the British choosing to leave India in August 1947. The Muslims of the land decided that instead of just a Free India, they would create a Free Pakistan for themselves as well. They were fearful that as a minority, the Hindu majority would trample their rights and religion. Both countries would be formed as soon as the British handed back control in August. The rulers of each individual state constituting India would chose which country to join, hopefully following the wishes of its people. This idea was fraught with problems. There were quite a few states that had a majority of one religion yet the ruler belonged to another faith. The states of Hyderabad and Junagarh were examples of this. Both had Hindu majorities and M...