Reaction Times
Plan: - I am planning to investigate about the reaction times on the
swiftness of the thumb, starting and stopping a stopwatch. The speed
of my hand, catching a 1m ruler falling and a braking reaction. The
purpose of this investigation is to test my reaction times during
these three experiments and to determine if the reaction (response) is
a reflex action or a conscious action.
A Reflex action happens automatically. This type of response does not
have to be learned - e.g. we blink when an object comes close to the
eye unexpectedly, and the size of the pupil changes according to the
amount of light entering it. The advantage of reflex actions is that
they happen very fast. In a simple reflex action, the nerve impulses
pass from a receptor along a sensory neurone to a relay or connecting
neurone in the central nervous system (CNS) along a motor neurone to
an effecter, such as a gland or a muscle.
[IMAGE]Motor neurone.
A Conscious action maybe voluntary or conscious, because the brain
decides which response is the best. This type of response is learnt -
e.g. how to ride a bike or play cricket or football. In a simple
conscious action, the nerve impulses pass from a receptor along a
sensory neurone to the spinal cord, here another sensory neurone
carries the impulse to the brain, the brain decides and sends an
impulse to the motor neurone in the spinal cord which causes an
impulse to be sent out of the spinal cord by another motor neurone to
an effecter, such as a muscle.
This scientific knowledge should determine if the reactions are
reflexes or conscious actions. There are three experiments each will
be presented in 3 different tables, 3 times concentrating and 3 times
distracted (i.e. saying the next number in the sequence) This will
make 1 set of results with a average column. I will need to repeat
each set at least three times (concentrating and distracted) in order
for the results to be consistent, reliable and accurate.
The problem behavior associated with individuals making bad food choices when presented with unhealthy food will need to be observed so that we may understand how to change this behavior as it is unhealthy and harmful to health overall. Are poor choices in different foods causing obesity? Making poor choices when it comes to food is an
According to Dr. Vilayanur Ramachandran, in his movie “Secrets of the Mind,” our vision system is divided into two parts, one with our eyes, and the other with our brain. He also says that there are two different pathways in which our brain uses to “see.” One of these pathways, he calls the evolutionary new pathway (the more sophisticated pathway) in which our eyes see, then the information is sent to the thalamus, and eventually entering the visual cortex of the brain. This pathway is the conscious part of seeing. The other pathway Dr. Ramachandran says is more prominent, as well as evolutionarily primitive. An iguana uses this system of seeing. In this second pathway, information enters through the eyes, and then is sent to the brain stem, which in turn relays the information to the higher center of the brain. Dr. Ramachandran says that this second system is used to orientate our eyes to look at things, especially movement. Dr. Ramachandran has looked at patients with what is known as blind-sight to form his hypothesis.
Classical theories demonstrating the inattentional blindness paradigm are (1) the perceptual load, (2) inattentional amnesia and (3) expectation.
When we open our eyes, millions of tiny events occur that allow us to see. Our pupils automatically constrict in accordance to the light level, the variable lens bends and adjusts to fit the distance of what we are looking, and our photoreceptors receive information in accordance to the previous factors. (This is extremely simplified, but it will suffice for now.) Photoreceptors are tiny, specialized neurons located in the retina at the back of the eye. There are two types of photoreceptors, rods and cones. Each follow the same principles: when light hits them they respond with a chemical reaction using a substance known as rhodopsin. Once this reaction occurs a chain of events sends this message down a number of sophisticated and specialized neurons, eventually reaching the brain and resulting in what we call sight.
...ge for task 3 was about 2.7 seconds less than our group average for task 1. By doing this lab, we were able to better understand the functions of the different parts of the brain. We used the occipital lobe, primary motor area in the frontal lobe, and cerebellum of the brain to complete the tasks required of us. These parts of the brain allowed us to sort cards based on our vision, being able to recognize color, shapes, and hand- eye coordination.
It is with great pride and enthusiasm that I write to you today to express my intentions towards my future endeavors once graduating from your humble establishment with a degree in applied behavioral analysis. My intentions are to graduate from Saint Joseph 's University with a degree in applied behavioral analysis, then to proceed onto the next step in my career as a behavior specialist councilor, where I can help families through creating concrete goals and plans and models to measure these goals, as well as to ensure that parents are supplied with the resources required and an efficient team to help them.
Have you ever thought what actually influences our perception of stimuli we encounter on a daily basis? The topic of this paper is perception. Many times, the way we take in information from the world, is entirely up us as an individual but most times perception is influenced by external factors, which cannot be controlled. Perception is an opinion held by individuals regarding how things seem in the real world. The area regarding perception interests me greatly because I feel it is very interesting how different individuals have different ways to perceive the same exact information. Perception is the process in which we learn about the world around us. Specifically, I want to learn what mechanisms truly influence perception and how those affect our daily lives.
This skill is particularly important to me, because I have seen it modeled throughout my life unconsciously, and through learning
During change blindness, if a scene changes and a person is not attending to it they will not notice the changes. For example, if a person pulls up at the drive-through at McDonald’s, suddenly someone screams in the back, the driver will turn back to see who screamed and when they turn back towards the window they might not notice that a different person is serving. This occurs due to the driver not paying attention to the scene and when it changes there is momentary blindness. In addition, this concept is related to top-down processing because the context stays the same while target object changes. Therefore, this disapproves the proposal that what we see is a correct portrayal of the
Your eyes contain the receptors responsible for sight, which is the most dominant sense in humans. These receptors or “sensors” receive information about the surrounding environment and pass this information to your brain through the optic nerve. Your brain rapidly processes this information and creates the images you see, which allows you to see stationary objects, as well as follow moving objects whether your head is moving or is stationary.
Infants were seated on their parent’s lap in a room approximately 60 centimeters away from the screen (newborns were placed closer), where the images were placed side-by-side, and separated by a 13-centimeter gap. A video camera was set up in order to record the infants’ eye movements during the test when the stimulus was
For example, when we are driving we not only have to look at the car in front of us, we have to look at the cars on the sides of us in our peripheral vision. If one of those cars in our peripheral vision jerks out, we need to have a fast reaction time. Having strong peripheral vision also allows us to do better in sports and causes less injuries.
Humans have visual cues that they naturally use to perceive their motion through the environment. There are numerous human factors that are associated with being able to navigate a vehicle safely while adhering to signal lights, signs and other traffic road markings. There needs to be vast improvement in the way that information is presented to drivers for many reasons. One example is that the placing of the sun during a particular part of the day prohibits one from distinguishing whether a traffic light is green or red. The elderly have difficulties reading certain signs or differentiating among the color of signal lights, even with their glasses on. Most everyone has less visual acuity at night and certain road markings or traffic lights are harder to perceive. Color blind people canÕt always tell the difference between a red light and a green light, and they may also have a hard time seeing brake lights, blinkers, etc. All of the situations mentioned above can lead to serious fatal accidents. Extensive research in this area has been conducted for many years and is still going on today.
The human eye is far more complex than one of humanity’s most advanced creations, the computer chip. A single human eye possesses 130 million light-sensitive rods and cones that convert light into chemical impulses, and these signals subsequently travel at a rate of about one billion per second to the brain. The sensitivity range of the eye, which provides humanity with excellent vision during bright and sunny days as well as during dim, moonlit nights, far surpasses the visual capabilities of any manmade film. Now consider that we are in possession of not just a single eye, but two of them. This matching pair, coupled with an interpretive center in the brain, allows us to determine distances to the objects we see. Furthermore, our eyes have the ability to automatically focus on near or distant objects, by elongating or compressing themselves. The eyes are also inserted beneath a hard, bony brow that – in addition to the automatic shutters we possess, in the form of eyelids – provides shelter and security for these delicate ...
The rate of reaction is how quickly or slowly reactants in chemical reactants turn into products. A low reaction rate is when the reaction takes a long time to take place; hence, a reaction that occurs quickly has a high reaction rate. A rate refers to how slow or quick the product is produced. It is possible to control the rate of chemical reactions and speed up or slow down the rate of chemical reactions by altering three main factors which are temperature, concentration and the surface area. When the temperature of the reactants increases, the molecules vibrate at a more intense speed therefore colliding with each other more frequently and with increased energy resulting in a greater rate of reaction. Accordingly, as the temperature decreases the molecules will move slower, colliding less frequently and with decreased energy resulting in the rate of reaction decreasing. Concentration is how much solute is dissolved into a solution and is also a factor that affects the rate of reaction. When the concentration is greater this means there is an increased amount of reactant atoms and molecules resulting in a higher chance that collisions between molecules will occur. A higher collision rate means a higher reaction rate. Consequently at lower concentrations there are reduced chances of the molecules colliding resulting in a lower reaction rate. The measurement of how much an area of a solid is exposed is called the surface area. The quicker a reaction will occur the more finely divided the solid is. For example, a powdered solid will usually have a greater rate of reaction in comparison to a solid lump that contains the same mass for it has a lower surface area than the powdered solid.