In the Ox-Bow Incident, Walter Van Tilburg Clark shows how in the Wild West, it wasn't as just as people think it is, people killed each other and stole cattle, and whether or not they had enough information that a person was guilty, they would hang them anyways. When Sparks and Croft are discussing having seen lynchings before, they say "Ah saw mah {Sparks} own brother lynched, Mistah Croft.","They wouldn't lynch him without knowing," I {Art} said. He thought for a while before he answered that. "They made him confess," he admitted. "But they would have anyhow," he protested. "It wouldn't have done him any good not to, and confessin' and made it shortah. It was still bad, though; awful bad," he added. Ah wouldn' lahk see a a thing like that
“[A] comparison of the likelihood of white and black people being lynched at any given year (by comparting the ratio of white and black lynchings to the size of the white and black populations respectively) reveals that black people were some ten times more likely to be lynched than white people across the Western and Southern states, but they were more than forty times as likely to be lynched as white people in Northern states” (King and Tuck 227). After reading that, I had to sit back and breathe. This passage came as a huge shock that black people were forty times more likely in the North because textbooks have always set up the North to seem like this pretty OK place to live – not necessarily the best, but so much better than the South. While the North may have seemed better than the South because of a few “better” economic opportunities – one could argue that being a maid wasn’t much better, the North clearly faltered when it came to lynchings. To think that the North was a paradise, when it fact was not, is ignorant; I’m pretty disappointed in all of my past history textbooks that spoke of the North as a “saving grace” for African Americans. Another passage in the King and Tuck article that I found intriguing was a quote about Justice Joseph Bradley and a
The Army CID sent a new, inexperienced investigator named William Ivory to investigate the scene. Ivory decided after looking around the house that MacDonald made up the story of the killers. He also persuaded everyone that he was the culprit. This meant that everyone in Ivory’s chain...
Interestingly, the book does not focus solely on the Georgia lynching, but delves into the actual study of the word lynching which was coined by legendary judge Charles B Lynch of Virginia to indicate extra-legal justice meted out to those in the frontier where the rule of law was largely absent. In fact, Wexler continues to analyse how the term lynching began to be used to describe mob violence in the 19th century, when the victim was deemed to have been guilty before being tried by due process in a court of law.
On July 25, 1946, two young black couples- Roger and Dorothy Malcom, George and Mae Murray Dorsey-were killed by a lynch mob at the Moore's Ford Bridge over the Appalachee River connecting Walton and Oconee Counties (Brooks, 1). The four victims were tied up and shot hundreds of times in broad daylight by a mob of unmasked men; murder weapons included rifles, shotguns, pistols, and a machine gun. "Shooting a black person was like shooting a deer," George Dorsey's nephew, George Washington Dorsey said (Suggs C1). It has been over fifty years and this case is still unsolved by police investigators. It is known that there were atleast a dozen men involved in these killings. Included in the four that were known by name was Loy Harrison. Loy Harrison may not have been an obvious suspect to the investigators, but Harrison was the sole perpetrator in the unsolved Moore's Ford Lynching case. The motive appeared to be hatred and the crime hurt the image of the state leaving the town in an outrage due to the injustice that left the victims in unmarked graves (Jordon,31).
...ventually limited to 38. Of that 38, a few innocent men were hanged. In the eyes of the settlers, it was justice be done. In the eyes of the Sioux, it was a reminder that nothing had changed.
and their ethics and morale. The first difference is the two groups view on the
In the midst of all the commotion, Jesse is unable to sleep the night before the lynching. Within another flashback to that night, Jesse feels a strong need to have his ...
...hite woman therefore many false accusations were placed upon him an African American. His action was first seen as an insult then as a form of attack toward the white women and as members of the white social class began to increase causing a mob the accusations led to the beliefs of rape. Consequently, a common practice in the south during the late 1800’s to middle 1900’s was taken about. Throughout 1883 and 1905 lynching was a common widespread practice mainly in the south (Foner, 522). Lynching is described as “a practice in which people (usually black) accused of a crime were murdered by mobs before standard trials (Foner, A-82).” Unfortunately, lynching in the south only needed one accusation or form of misunderstanding for an innocent to get murdered by a mob.
...ing him, and the expectation was that there would be a well-publicized trial rather than a brief in which Ray admitted his guilt and was sentenced.” (Clark 240)
The different views and punishments of the men born and raised in the South compared to men from up North is depicted through the confrontation of the Arkansaw townspeople along with Sherburn, who was raised it the Northern states. “Colonel Sherburn… was standing… in the street… a pistol raised it his right hand… Bang! (Sherburn shoots the first and second bullet, then Boggs)... tumbles backwards onto the ground… (Later the townspeople confront Sherburn, who responds by saying) The average man is a coward… he lets anybody walk over him… you didn’t bring a man with you… You brought part of a man with you” (Twain 143, 146). The townspeople back down after confronting Sherburn because his confident attitude breaks down the cowardly courage of the townspeople, which it turn allows Sherburn to get away with murder without any consequences as a result of the lack of a Justice system. Similarly, the Grangerfords and Shepherdsons have committed countless murders throughout the course of the continuous feud between the two families, without a justice system intervening and convicting members
These two men, both coming from different backgrounds, joined together and carried out a terrible choice that rendered consequences far worse than they imagined. Living under abuse, Perry Smith never obtained the necessary integrity to be able to pause and consider how his actions might affect other people. He matured into a man who acts before he thinks, all due to the suffering he endured as a child. Exposed to a violent father who did not instill basic teachings of life, Smith knew nothing but anger and misconduct as a means of responding to the world. He knew no other life. Without exposure to proper behavior or responsible conduct, he turned into a monster capable of killing an entire family without a blink of remorse. In the heat of the moment, Perry Smith slaughtered the Clutter family and barely stopped to take a breath. What could drive a man to do this in such cold blood? The answer lies within his upbringing, and how his childhood experiences shaped him to become the murderer of a small family in Holcomb, Kansas. ¨The hypothesis of unconscious motivation explains why the murderers perceived innocuous and relatively unknown victims as provocative and thereby suitable targets for aggression.¨ (Capote 191). ¨But it is Dr. Statten´s contention that only the first murder matters psychologically, and that when
In the poem "The Hangman," by Maurice Ogden, the poet explained that a person could resolve a situation by showing acts of courage. One day, a hangman came to a town and built a scaffold on the courthouse square. The townspeople asked him which criminal would be hanged and he replied with a mischievous grin and a glint in his eye that it would be the person who will continually make his job easier. When the hangman spotted a foreign person, he chose him to be the first victim. The townsfolk were relieved that they weren't picked to be hanged, and that the gallows frame would be gone the next day. However, after they saw that it was still there, the hangman said that the foreigner was used to determine how strong the hemp was. When a man cri...
For my breaching experiment, I decided to break the social norm of looking at someone while engaged in conversation with them. Today, it is socially unacceptable and impolite to avoid looking at someone when talking to them. The background assumption for a typical conversation is that direct eye contact will be made more often than not; otherwise social norms are being violated. Avoiding eye contact during an exchange tends to dehumanize the person that is not receiving the eye contact. It is impolite and offensive, not looking at someone who is talking makes it seem as though the topic being discussed is unimportant. For my research experiment I would constantly talk to someone without initiating eye contact, or with my back facing toward the subject, not turning around or making eye contact until I had to ring up their order or make the drink for them. This research is important because it uncovers what happens when the social norm of
“There are two ways to be fooled. One is to believe what isn't true; the other is to refuse to believe what is true” (Kierkegaard)- Misleading oneself by accepting things as true or valid when they are not is a common phenomenon of nearly every human being, especially when faced with life changing of threatening situations. Self-deception can therefore be considered an option to escape reality in order to prevent oneself from dealing with the weight of a situation. Basically, those strong influencing psychological forces keep us from acknowledging a threatening situation or truth. However, oftentimes people do not realize that they are deceiving themselves, for it is mostly the action of the subconscious mind to protect especially the psychological well- being. This psychological state is depicted and in Ambrose Bierce’s short story “An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge”. He shows that people try to escape reality and seek refuge in self-deception when confronted with life-threatening situations, through characterization, alternate point of view, and the fluidity of time.
“Inventions whereby they lynch men”. (Hill, Line 57) Lynching was very popular in the climax period of racial equality against African Americans. This was considered a corporal type of discipline, slaves didn’t have to get in trouble to receive this most of the time whites would be bored and band together and go find and lynch and African American regardless of sex or age. Whites would tie an African American male or female to a wooden cross or pole and burn them alive and just sit back and watch. This type of behavior is demonic and shows how strong racial equality against black people can be. Hill uses her voice to shine light this topic, especially the people who were ignorant to the fact these atrocities took place. “Our communities are being destroyed by racial tension - and we're too polite to talk about it. “(Randall L. Stephenson) this is a very accurate statement applying directly this country. Race has forever been a very sensitive subject in this country so most people develop their thought and stereotypes towards a certain group of people and socialize to a certain extent with other groups of people according to their stereotypes. These people never actually talk about how they really feel about a certain group of people because they don’t want to be judged. Hill uses her poem “Mystery of Iniquity” to bring memories back on race inequality against