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Business Studies Financial Ratios
Financial statement analysis assignment
Business Studies Financial Ratios
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Recommended: Business Studies Financial Ratios
A MINI RESEARCH PROJECT
ON “FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS OF
“ION EXCHANGE”
“FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS OF ION EXCHANGE”
INTRODUCTION TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
A Financial statement is a collection of data organized according to logical and consistent accounting procedures. Its purpose is to convey an understanding of some financial aspects of a business firm. It may show a position at the movement in time, as in the case of balance sheet, or may reveal a series of activities over a given period in time, as in the case of income statement.
Financial statements are outcome of summarizing process of accounting. In other words John Number “ The financial statements provide summery of accounts of a business enterprise, the balance
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A number of methods or devices are used to study the relationship between different statements. An effort is made to use those devices which clearly analyze the position of the enterprise. The following are the methods of analysis are generally used.
1. Ratio analysis
2. Comparative statements
3. Common size statements
1. Ratio Analysis:
Ratio analysis is a widely used tool of financial analysis. It can be used to compare the risk and return relationship of firms of different sizes. It is defined as the systematic use of ratio to interpret the financial statements so that the strengths and weaknesses of a firm as well as its historical performance and current financial condition can be determined. Ratio analysis is the calculation and comparison of ratios, which are derived from information of a company’s financial statements. The level and historical trends of these ratios can be used to make inferences about a company’s financial conditions, its operations and attractiveness as an
The analytical formats used in response to question number 3 are threefold; 1) trend analysis, 2) common size analysis and 3) percentage change analysis. The rationale for this three-fold approach is that all other ratio analysis is derived from these three. The utilization of trend analysis aids in giving clues as to the financial status of the company is likely to improve or deteriorate. Likewise, the common size analysis relates to the fact that all income statement items are divided by
The objective of financial reporting/statements is to provide information about the reporting entity’s financial performance and financial position that is useful to a wide range of users for assessing the stewardship of the entity’s management and for making economic decisions.
Analysing the ratio of one with the other in the industry provides for better understanding about the performance of the company in market. An investor has to make a comparative analysis before making any investment decision.
This document is considered as a financial document because the financial statement provides the statement of financial position and comprehensive income, and cash flow statement and statement of changes in equity. for example, "The cash flow of the Group Lufthansa from operating activities to 3.4bn euros in the reporting year, which is 1.4bn euros, or 71.6 percent, higher than the figure registered previous year."
Ratio analysis is an efficient tool which has been used for years by bankers, financial institutes and investors to measure the financial performance of firms and organizations. 4.1.1. Current Ratio Figure 1: Current Ratio Source: IBIS World 2017, Bega Cheese Ltd Financial Report. Liquidity or current ratio measures the company capability of a company to pay its short-term obligations. As stated in table 1, the current ratio for Bega cheese Ltd was stable between the year Y2013 and Y2016
Ratios analysis also makes possible comparison of the performance of different divisions of the firm. The ratios are helpful in deciding about their efficiency or otherwise in the past and likely performance in the future.
Financial Accounting is ‘Asset valuation, accounting record completeness and accuracy, accounting estimates, reporting transparency, fair value accounting issues, convergence of accounting standards, evolution of accounting standards, audit efficiency and effectiveness’, as suggested by Accounting Dictionary (2014).
Ratio analysis are useful tools when judging the performance of a company by weighing and evaluating the operating performance (Block-Hirt). There are 13 significant ratios that can separate by four main categories, profitability, asset utilization, liquidity and debt utilization ratios. The ratio analysis covered here consists of eight various ratios with at least one from each of these main categories. These ratios were used to compare and contrast the performance of Verizon versus AT& T over the years 2005 and 2006.
I have leant that ratio analysis offers better insight of a company’s financial position on the short-term and long-term basis. However, I would recommend that investor advice should be based on ratio analysis that considers ratios from several years. This will ensure that the investor is making an informed decision based on the company’s financial ratio performance trend.
Financial accounting is the analysis, classification, and recording of financial transactions and reporting such information to respective users especially external users who use the information to make decisions about their engagements with the entity. In financial accounting general purpose financial statements are used for external reporting. The public by standards imposes the development of the statements through respective national professional bodies, International Accounting Standards Board and respective company Acts for various nations.
Ratios traditionally measure the most important factors such as liquidity, solvency and profitability, as well as other measures of solvency. Different studies have found various ratios to be the most efficient indicators of solvency. Studies of ratio analysis began in the 1930’s, with several studies of the concluding that firms with the potential to file bankruptcy all exhibited different ratios than those companies that were financially sound.
The Purpose of Financial Statements The financial statements of a business are used to provide information about the status of the business, set performance targets and impose restrictions on the managers of the firm as well as provide an easier method for financial planning. The financial statements consist of the Profit and Loss Account, Balance Sheet and the Cash Flow Statement. There are four areas of information, which we can collect from a company's financial statements. They are: Ÿ Profitability - This information comes from the Profit and Loss account. Were we can compare this year's profit with the previous years.
Before beginning an analysis of a company it is necessary to have a complete set of financial statements, preferably for the pas few years so that historical trends can be obtained. Ratios are a way for anyone to get an idea of the financial performance of a company by using the information contained in the financial statements. Ratios are grouped into four basic categories, liquidity, activity, profitability, and financial leverage. This document will use a variety of these ratios to analyze the firm, Sample Company, as of December 31,2000.
Income statement-: Income statement is the financial statement that measures a company 's financial performance over a specific accounting period. Financial performance is assessed by giving a summary of how the business incurs its revenues and expenses through both operating and non-operating activities.
Financial statements provide an overview of a business' financial condition in both short and long term. They help in understanding the past performance of the company and making future predictions about the company. It thus helps us to look beyond the profit figures.