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borderline personality disorder research paper
borderline personality disorder research paper
borderline personality disorder case study
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Teresa Dolezal Abnormal Psychology Professor Amanda Ellis Film Paper 3/31/14 Film Paper: Fatal Attraction’s Borderline Personality Disorder In the 1987 movie titled Fatal Attraction, a happily married New York lawyer named Dan Callagher (Michael Douglas) has an affair with his colleague Alex (Glenn Close), and the two enjoy a steamy weekend while Dan's wife and daughter are away. But soon after the weekend ends, Dan receives multiple harassing phone calls from Alex and soon finds out that she is pregnant with his child. He tells Alex multiple times that he wants nothing to do with her or the baby but she does not stop. She soon escalates to the point where Alex is kidnapping Dan’s daughter and stalking not only him but also his family. Eventually it gets to the point where she breaks into Dan’s house and attempts to murder him and his wife, which then unsuccessfully leads to her murder. After witnessing Alex’s erotic behavior and self-harm tendencies, I have diagnosed her with borderline personality disorder (BPD). According to our textbook, BPD has been a major focus of interest for many reasons including; being very common in clinical settings, very hard to treat, and associated with suicidality. The DSM-5 diagnoses BPD in the presence of five of more of the following criteria: 1) frantic efforts to avoid abandonment 2) unstable interpersonal relationships in which others are either idealized or devalued 3) unstable sense of self 4) self-damaging impulsive behaviors in at least two areas (such as sex, substance abuse, reckless driving, and binge eating) 5) recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or self injurious behavior 6) marked mood reactivity, 7) chronic feelings of emptiness 8) recurrent bouts of intense or poorly contr... ... middle of paper ... ...the DSM-5 criteria. The fact that Alex not only meets five but seven and a half of the criteria based on the textbook without a doubt lead me to believe that she has BPD. I really enjoyed watching this film and it really helped me to learn about BPD not only as a disorder but also from a perspective of someone who actually has the disorder, even if Alex was fictitious. The movie did a great job at portraying the disorder properly. The only thing I would have liked to have been added to the film would be seeing that instead of Dan “drowning” than Beth shooting Alex in the end, if they would have kept her alive and allowed her to seek treatment. I would have liked to see the treatment options given. But overall watching this movie helped to supplement what I learned in lecture about the disorder and have sympathy for those people who are unfortunate enough to have it.
Denise also displays impulsivity in more than two self-damaging areas (Criterion 4). She has a history of binge drinking, shoplifting, and spending too much money. There is a history of suicide attempts, suicidal gestures, and self-mutilation (Criterion 5). Most recently she presented at the emergency room which self-inflicted cuts which required stitches and a small overdose of Ativan. Denise displays instability and reactivity of mood (Criterion 6). She is often depressed, but is occasionally filled with energy and rage. Denise has expressed chronic feelings of emptiness (Criterion 7) beginning during her teenage years, and stated that it feels like she “doesn’t exist.” Finally Denise has difficulty controlling her intense anger (Criterion 8). One employer fired her for throwing a drink at a customer after becoming so angry. For these reasons, Denise should be diagnosed with Borderline
Mary has suffered with her illness for over 10 years. She has previously been diagnosis with a Cluster B type Personality Disorder. Mary comes across as narcissistic, self-engrossed and can be very demanding at times. Mary suffers from anxiety and is prone to panic attacks in relation to her PD diagnosis. At times Mary has been known to make ...
There are high levels of comorbidity amongst bulimia (25%), substance use disorder (67%) and narcissistic personality disorder with Diana’s original diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (Ayearst, 2016). The patient exhibits binge-eating and crash diets consistent with the symptoms of bulimia. In addition, Diana was also found to abuse Valium by taking it in larger amounts (from 40mg to 80mg) and prolonged the use despite the issues caused by the substance (Comer, 2015). She also requires an unreasonable amount of attention from her family and therapist, believes she is “better” than any type of treatment or rehabilitation, is sensitive to criticism when she is rejected by men, as well as throws tantrums when people do not listen to her, which are all characteristic symptoms of a narcissistic personality disorder. The diagnostic features that overlap with BPD include impulsivity for bulimia and substance abuse disorder in addition to changing self-image in bulimia, as well as sensitivity to disapproval and rejection, high temper, and entitlement which illustrate the connection with narcissistic personality disorder (Gunderson, 2008). Additionally, although Agoraphobia is not a codable disorder, Diana expresses symptoms when she was afraid to travel without one of her parents as well as felt anxious when she was at work with her
The main concerns of the socialite Beth, are the maintenance of her and her families social status and image often regarding that more highly that than the wellbeing of her husband and child. While displaying a desire to be maternal prior to Bucks passing in the wake of his death it seems as if those desires have all but disappeared, leading her to often be neglectful of her younger child Conrad. Beth dislikes confrontation and often refuse to talk about subjects that make her uncomfortable resorting to walking away or changing the subject. He often engage in behavior that is repetitive and reports having repetitive thinking continually going over thing numerous times in her own head. I believe that Beth possibly suffers from a personality disorder most likely BPD concurrently she suffers from OCD a displayed by her symptoms. Beth would benefit from CBT learning to cope with her imperfection and accept them in addition to seeking a relationship therapist to help her mend the strained relationship of hr marriage and between herself and her son
An article on the Internet Mental Health website entitled “Borderline (Emotional Unstable) Personality Disorder” by Phillip Long (2011) is a beneficial source as it offers substantial information and core features of BPD. For example, it discusses common symptoms for BPD victims such as fear of abandonment, unstable personal relationship...
I support the diagnostic conclusions associated with Disco Di because the symptomatology matched the research regarding MDD and BPD. Gunderson (2011) found that 6% of the population are diagnosed with BPD and of that 75% are females. He further states that most of these patients receive treatment after a suicide attempt. To be diagnosed with BPD the patient needs to display a minimum of five symptoms (Gunderson, 2011). Seven symptoms that Disco Di experienced are consistent with the clinical diagnosis of BPD which in Disco Di’s case includes: impulsive behaviour around substance use and sex, recurrent suicidal behaviours, feeling of abandonment, identity disturb...
Some of the key components of BPD include self-harm, or suicidal thoughts and actions, dichotomous thinking, and low emotional granularity. People that present with reoccurring suicidal thoughts and actions, combined with a fear of abandonment, are commonly diagnosed with BPD. These two characteristics make BPD easily recognizable, but this diagnoses is often not used. The emotional volatility, recurrent crises, and self-injurious behaviors of those with BPD are often seen as willfully manipulative episodes, and not a sign of illness. (Gunderson, 2011) Yet, it is important to take these thoughts and actions seriously, as one never knows when someone may actually decide to end their life.
In the past, BPD was believed to be a set of symptoms between problems associated with mood and schizophrenia. These symptoms were believed to be comprised of distortions of reality and mood problems. A closer look at this disorder has resulted in the realization that even though the symptoms of this disorder reveal emotional complexity, this disorder is more closer to other personality disorders, on the basis of the manner in which it develops and occurs in families, than to schizophrenia (Hoffman, Fruzzetti, Buteau &ump; Neiditch, 2005). The use of the term borderline has however, resulted in a heated controversy between the health care fraternity and patients. Patients argue that this term appears to be somehow discriminatory and that it should be removed and the disorder renamed. Patients point out that an alternative name, such as emotionally unstable personality disorder, should be adopted instead of borderline personality disorder. Clinicians, on the other hand, argue that there is nothing wrong with the use of the term borderline. Opponents of this term argue that the terms used to describe persons suffering from this disorder, such as demanding, treatment resistant, and difficult among others, are discriminatory. These terms may create a negative feeling of health professionals towards patients, an aspect that may lead to adoption of negative responses that may trigger self-destructive behavior (Giesen-Bloo et al, 2006). The fact however, is that the term borderline has been misunderstood and misused so much that any attempt to redefine it is pointless leaving scrapping the term as the only option.
Borderline personality disorder affects about 1.6% of the entire u.s. population (Salters-Pedneault). BPD is five times more likely to occur in a person if they have a close family member that already has the disorder (National Institute of Mental Health) . An example of a close family member would be the person’s mother or father. Symptoms of BPD consist of unstable relationships with their family, friends and loved ones. The person will swing from extreme closeness and love to extreme dislike. The person will also experience impulsive behaviors that are not safe. They have intense mood swings and have inappropriate, intense anger that they have a hard time controlling. A person struggling with BPD will also experience stress-related, paranoid thoughts (National Institute of Mental Health). Another mental health disorder is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. PTSD is a non genetic disorder that affects 7-8% of the u.s. Population (U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs). The disease develops in people who have experienced an immense emotionally shocking or dangerous event. The events can range from near death experiences to sudden, unexpected deaths of loved ones. Symptoms of PTSD usually start within three months of the shocking or dangerous event. PTSD sufferers can experience flashbacks, feelings of guilt or blame, angry outbursts, negative feelings about the world, and a loss of interest in enjoyable activities (National Institute of Mental Health). Another mental health disorder is Schizophrenia. People suffering from this disorder experience hallucinations and delusions that they believe to be real (National Institute of Mental Health). They also experience a reduction in expressed emotions and reduced feelings of pleasure in everyday life, such as increased difficulty to begin and sustain activities and a reduction in the amount of speaking the
The term borderline personality disorder (BPD) was termed by Adolph Stern in the 1930s to describe a group of people on a “borderline” between neurosis and psychosis (SITE). Today, BPD is described by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders as “a pervasive patt...
BPD is a complex disorder in a sense that the symptoms such as depression, anxiety and substance abuse may cause a misdiagnosis thus overlooking BPD completely (Biskin & Paris, 2013). This personality disorder has also been known to occur simultaneously with anxiety disorders, eating disorders and bipolar mood disorders (Butcher, Mineka & Hooley, 2014). In addition, the prevalence of BPD decreases in older individuals (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
Alex exhibits many of the behaviors and symptoms of BPD such as fear of abandonment, idealization to devaluation, feelings of emptiness, immense anger, self-harm, and impulsivity. She fits in with the symptoms of BPD, but it is very extreme. If not carefully watched, it seems as though Alex is a psychotic, obsessive stalker. This focus of the disorder is portrayed very negatively for these patients are not as violent and dangerous. Patients with BPD can go to therapy and doctors to get help to control their behaviors which will help them to become capable and successful
An estimated 1.6%-5.9% of the adult population in the United States has BPD, with nearly 75% of the people who are diagnosed being women. Symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder include Frantic efforts to avoid being abandoned by friends and family, Unstable personal relationships that alternate between idealizations, Distorted and unstable self-image, Impulsive behaviors that can have dangerous outcomes, Suicidal and self-harming behavior, Periods of intense depressed mood, irritability or anxiety lasting a couple hours/days, Chronic feelings of boredom or emptiness, Inappropriate, intense or uncontrollable anger - often followed by shame and guilt, and Dissociative feelings. The three main factors that could cause this mental illness are Genetics, Environmental factors, and Brain function. This illness can only be diagnosed by a mental health professional after a series of interviews with the patient and family/friends of the patient. The patient must also have at least five of the nine symptoms of this illness in order to be diagnosed. The most common treatment for this illness is some form of psychotherapy. Some other treatment options are to prescribe medications and if needed a short-term
Some symptoms of BPD can include fear of abandonment (1), unstable relationships (2), self-harm (3), and destructive behavior (4). In one scene in the middle of the movie, Rowe gets sent to a different ward for drugging a nurse. (1) Kaysen causes a huge scene and demands to know where Rowe is. Kaysen is so distraught because she claims that Rowe is “All she has left.” Kaysen seems to have a lot of people come and go throughout her life. (2) In one part Kaysen states “I just don’t want to end up like my mother.” This could mean that Kaysen and her mother don’t share the greatest bond. As seen throughout the movie, there is a bandage on the wrist of Kaysen (3) suggesting that she might have cut her wrists when she had a “headache.” Kaysen having destructive behaviors, as mentioned before is an indicator of BPD. (4) In the early movie, it shows how promiscuous she could be. She had a one-time affair with a married college professor who wanted more than she did. She also had an on and off relationship with a boy named Toby who was later drafted in the military, but decided to run away and take Kaysen with him. But, she declined because she didn’t want to leave
Alex Forrest is a Caucasian female in her mid-thirties. Alex is an editor for a newspaper. She lives alone in a spacious apartment in New York City. She is single, however she is currently involved with a married man and reports that she is pregnant with his child. She appears to have average to high intelligence.