1) Conceptualización:
1.1) Concepto de Inteligencia Emocional.
El concepto de Inteligencia Emocional fue creado por Salovey y Mayer (1990), y desde entonces no ha cesado de ser objeto de estudio de diversos autores, lo que tiene como consecuencia la multiplicidad de definiciones existentes en torno al término.
Los autores arriba citados definieron este término como “la habilidad para percibir, valorar y expresar emociones con exactitud, la habilidad para acceder y/o generar sentimientos que faciliten el pensamiento; la habilidad para comprender emociones y el conocimiento emocional y la habilidad para regular las emociones promoviendo un crecimiento emocional e intelectual”. (Salovey & Mayer, 1997)
Es decir, se trataría de una “herramienta”
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(p. 87). Se establece de esta manera un paralelismo con los estudios de Salovey et. al. (1999), que consideran que utilizar de forma inteligente las emociones supone una óptima adaptación tanto física como psicológica de la persona, lo que ayuda a resolver los obstáculos que se le presenten en la vida diaria. (p. 87)
La Inteligencia Emocional, por tanto, entendida como un conjunto de habilidades y rasgos de personalidad, se presenta como una herramienta asociada con significación estadística a la calidad y satisfacción percibida de las relaciones interpersonales (Lopes, Salovey y Straus, 2003). Por reseñar un ejemplo, Cazalla y Molero (2014) explican en su tesis que existe una relación “entre la inteligencia emocional y la prevención de conductas de riesgo (Brackett & Mayer, 2003), la competencia social (Brasseur & Gregoire, 2011; Zavala, Valadez y Vargas, 2008) y la felicidad (Bar-On, 2010)”. (p. 58)
1.2) Concepto de Inteligencia Emocional
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Salovey, Stroud, Woolery & Epel (2002) definen este concepto como “el metaconocimiento que las personas tienen sobre sus habilidades emocionales”. (p. 58)
Tal y como se señala en los estudios de Augusto-Landa, López-Zafra y Pulido-Martos (2011), “la inteligencia emocional percibida ha mostrado ser un buen predictor del funcionamiento personal y social del sujeto”. (p. 58)
Investigaciones de otras autorías (Fernández-Berrocal & Extremera, 2008; Lizeretti & Rodríguez, 2011) también sostienen que la capacidad de los seres humanos para percibir y comprender nuestros estados emocionales predice un mejor funcionamiento interpersonal y psicológico.
Los estudios realizados por Rey & Extremera (2012) han mostrado que
Bajos niveles de IEP se relacionan con diversas variables de desajuste psicológico, tales como alta sintomatología depresiva (Extremera & Fernández-Berrocal, 2006; Salovey et al., 2002), mayor ansiedad (Lizeretti & Extremera, 2011; Salovey et al., 2002) y un ajuste emocional más bajo (Jiménez y López-Zafra,
La teoría del aprendizaje entiende que la personalidad está determinada por las experiencias externas, por el ambiente, mientras las otras tres escuelas del pensamiento la ven como formada en nuestro interior, surgiendo de necesidades, impulsos y características innatas.
Gross, R (2010). Psychology: The science of mind and behaviour. 6th ed. London: Hodder Education. p188.
Passer, M., Smith, R., Holt, N., Bremner, A., Sutherland, E., & Vliek, M. (2009). Psychology; Science of Mind and Behaviour. (European Edition). New York.
Rivas-Vazquez, Rafael A.; Johnson, Sheri L.; Rey, Gustavo J.; Blais, Mark A.; Rivas-Vazquez, Ana. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice 33.2 (Apr 2002): 212-223.
Gall, S. B., Beins, B., & Feldman, A. (2001). The gale encyclopedia of psychology. (2nd ed.). Detroit, MI: Gale Group.
...determine a person’s creativity and intelligence. Here comes the dichotomy of reactions. As for bilingual speakers, they sympathize for Tan and become agreeable with her argument because they have walked miles in her shoes. As for the scholars, professors, teachers, and the people who do not speak multiple languages, they might find it hard to relate to Tan because the education system values the standard tests’ results as they determine whether one will get into a good college, a great university and a dream job.
...es depict is a reality since they have some scientific facts, hence it is important for people to consider gaining the ability to understand their inner selves before criticizing their outward look; people should having high interoception skills. In addition, one question that the article posses is whether low interoception skills can also be linked to low self esteem and a weak personality. Moreover, after reading the article, one is left wondering whether the aspect interoception really has an effect on every individual.
In the following essay, we discuss different theoretical perspectives from Nomothetic and Idiographic approach. How they apply to both Personality (pattern of behavior and thinking) and Intelligence (thinking and behavior). Arguments for both sides are base on what psychologists generally use them as, because some might disagrees with the usage of the word nomothetic and idiographic, orientated by Kantian and Wilhelm Windelband.
Since the development of the intelligence quotient, schools in every part of the world have been using the IQ test to categorize millions of students into three groups. These three groups, which are the gifted, the average, and the retarded, are falsifications that perpetuate in our world culture and cause many gifted students to be deemed retarded and vice a versa. Why then is the IQ test so heavily relied on in our school systems? For schools the answer is simple, an I.Q. test is a reliable predictor of a students later performance in academics. This answer is relatively true, but where the I.Q. test falls extremely short is with testing the multiple intelligences of the human brain. The intelligence quotient test, developed by Alfred Binet, was created to evaluate ones intelligence with a test that would yield a numerical value that could be compared with a collective average to determine ones level of intelligence. However, the questions of an I.Q. test, or even the SAT’s for that matter, are testing only the verbal-mathematical forms of intelligence. The human brain is extremely complicated and advanced, and to assume that the indicators of intelligence are only found in logical and linguistic intelligences is a poor assumption at best. A more comprehensive test, which can test all seven types of intelligence, should be implemented into the educational system to ensure every student an education tailored to their strongest abilities.
Sternberg, R. J. (1985). Beyond IQ: A triarchic theory of intelligence. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligence focuses more on how numerical expressions of human intelligence are not a full and accurate depiction of people’s abilities (McFarlane, 2011). He includes and describes eight intelligences that are based on skills and abilities that are valued within different cultures. The eight intelligences include visual-spatial (e.g. sailor navigating with no navigational systems), verbal-linguistic (e.g. poets, writers, orators, and communicators), bodily-kinesthetic (e.g. dancers, athletes, surgeons, craftspeople), logical-mathematical (e.g. mathematicians and logicians), interpersonal(e.g. salespeople, teachers, clinicians, politicians, and religious leaders), musical (e.g. musicians and
Corsini, Raymond J. (1994). Encyclopedia of Psychology. John Wiley and Sons, Inc: New York, New York.
Defense mechanisms are a method of the “ego” to counteract the needs and drives of the “id”, which were restricted by the “superego”. Defense mechanisms are not conscious, but largely unconscious. Freud assumed that people use defense mechanisms every day, but they can become pathological if an individual is fix...
The idea of cultural context allows perspective to be placed on the subject of intelligence. We now can say that each culture puts its emphasis on a specific point in the scheme of intelligenc...
The true nature of intelligence has been debated more intensely then ever over the last century. As the science of psychology has developed one of the biggest questions it had to answer concerned the nature of Intelligence. Some of the definitions that have been given for intelligence have been the ability to adjust to one’s environment. Of course by such a definition even a person who is generally considered to be dull can be regarded as being intelligent if he can take care of himself. Other definition is such as having the tendency to analyze things around yourself. However it can be argued that such behavior can lead to over-analyzing things and not reacting to one’s environment and dealing with it in an intelligent manner.