Since any movement if done in proper form and utilizes muscles to exert force is considered as an exercise, a classification is essential to categorize the exercises in to groups according to their functional mechanisms and the way they are performed. The exercise classification should be based on the precedent and signs which characterize muscle performance such as the type of muscle contraction, duration of the action, oxygen uptake, intensity and effect on the human body. It is essential to classify physical exercises on the basis of the major signs characterizing muscle activity in order to improve learning and understanding processes (Plotnikov VP et al, 2001).
There are 4 types of exercise that is can often be used in combination or separately. These are, aerobic, anaerobic, flexibility, and stability exercises (livestrong.com). Some researchers tend to classify flexibility and stability exercises as one of the
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This type of exercise increases and improves the force muscle contractions can generate, and may lead to increase of strength, speed or power output. Weightlifting, sprinting and plyometric are examples of anaerobic exercise. This type of exercises are done by performing fewer repetitions, and greater intensity of muscle contractions and movements than aerobic exercise. For example, heavy weightlifting exercises will exhaust the utilized muscles after fewer contractions, because each of the contraction is particularly intense. Anaerobic exercises, which exhaust the muscles in 15 or fewer repetitions, may provide optimal strength gains. Increasing the power of each contraction may require exercises that exhaust the muscles in under six repetitions
Exercise science possess many traits that attracted my attention whether it dealt with the different job opportunities or the ability to help an individual. There are two areas of exercise science that one can choose as a possible career path or as a major minoring in something else related to this type of work. One of the areas of study includes exercise physiology which can be defined by “the study of how the body’s structures and functions are changed as a result of acute and chronic bouts of exercise”. Not only does exercise physiology promote a healthy lifestyle, but it is closely connected to human performance, fitness, development/aging, and prevention/rehabilitation from disease or injury. Pursuing a degree in exercise physiology allows an individual in this profession to choose between several careers including physical education, exercise science and athletic training (Fisher, 2). In addition, becoming a chiropractor can be achieved through exercise science.
This report will explore the structure and function of skeletal muscle within the human body. There are three muscle classifications: smooth (looks smooth), cardiac (looks striated) and skeletal (looks striated). Smooth muscle is found within blood vessels, the gut and the intestines; it assists the movement of substances by contracting and relaxing, this is an involuntary effort. The heart is composed of cardiac muscle, which contracts rhythmically nonstop for the entire duration of a person’s life and again is an involuntary movement of the body. The main focus of this report is on skeletal muscle and the movement produced which is inflicted by conscious thought unless there is a potentially harmful stimulus and then reaction is due to reflex, as the body naturally wants to protect itself. Skeletal muscle is found attached to bones and when they contract and relax they produce movement, there is a specific process that the muscle fibers go through to allow this to occur.
Sport aerobics is a new exiting performance sport, and like any new sport, is seeking recognition and acceptance as a valuable and worthwhile competitive activity. It is said however, that Sport Aerobics will always struggle for popular support because of pre-existing stereotyped views of sport in Australian society. The purpose of this essay is to challenge stereotyped views of sport in Australian society in order to increase participation in Sport Aerobics. To do this a proposed strategy will be implemented at Nambour High School to challenge stereotyped views of sport and breakdown social barriers to the participation in Sport Aerobics. This strategy involves including Sport Aerobics as a compulsory activity in the junior school physical
As we have learned through our reading, most all bodies skeletal muscles are made up of primarily three types of skeletal muscle fibers, but their proportion differs depending on what action the muscles is doing. For example, type I fibers such as muscles of the neck, back, and leg have a higher proportion. According to Quinn (2014), type I muscles are slower and more effective, they tend fire a lot slower than fast twitch fibers and they fatigue at a much slower rate. Hence, slower twitch fibers are pronounced at helping athletes run marathons and bicycle for hours. Shoulder and arm muscles are not always active but are intermittent in their use; these muscles tend to have a larger amount of tension for uses in throwing and lifting. These muscles have a combination of both type I and type II B fibers. These fast twitch fibers use anaerobic metabolism to create energy and are the "classic" fast twitch muscle fibers that excel at producing quick, powerful bursts of speed. These muscles are used in events such as 100m sprint, basketball, soccer and football. Since this muscle fiber fires at such a high rate of contraction it will fatigue much faster and will not last long before needing to rest.
There are different types of muscle because each sport has various needs. “Power endurance is typically characterized by intense, repeated efforts for a relatively short period of time (less than 30 seconds)”(1). Sports such as sprinters, wrestlers, fencers and tennis players need to produce powerful movements and repeat them with several times with little to no rest. This training involves lifting about 15-30 reputations of moderate loads, about 50%-70% 1RM per lift.
For example, a 100m sprinter would be looking to make gains anaerobically. In order to do this they need to work above their anaerobic threshold. This threshold might be at 80% of their maximum heart rate; therefore anywhere above this intensity anaerobic gains would be made. How far past their threshold the athlete trains, is proportional to the gains in anaerobic fitness that will be made for the 100m sprinter.
Kerr (2012) states that there are 3 main types of exercise which are aerobic, strength/resistance training and flexibility exercises. Aerobic exercises will help keep the heart, lungs and muscles healthy, and when paired with a healthy diet will aid in weight loss. Appropriate resistance training will help to improve strength, posture and balance as well as causing the participant’s body to look more toned. Also the build up of muscle will aid with weight loss as at rest muscle burns more calories than inactive tissue. These exercises should be done two or three times a week. Flexibility exercises are important because if a muscle isn’t stretched then overtime it will shorten and become less elastic. Therefore joint mobility will decrease and the likelihood of injuries to muscl...
Due to the strong and growing evidence in scientific literature on the beneficial effects of physical activity on health and well-being, the importance of Clinical Exercise Science has increased. Physical activity is defined as any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure. Exercise, is a subcategory of physical activity that is planned, structured, repetitive, and purposeful in the sense that the improvement or maintenance of one or more components of physical fitness is the objective (http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/pa/en/; last accessed on 30 April 2016). Generally speaking, Clinical Exercise Science is an applied clinical branch which deals with the application of various exercise modalities for
middle of paper ... ... High-intensity interval training: Applications for general fitness training. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 31(6), 44-46. Syatt, J. a.
Human development has drastically changed within the exercise and fitness industry since the 1940’s. This industry is now one of the largest, most studied, and sought out aspects of human life. Many people depend on exercise to sustain their health and change their bodies both physically and mentally. Specifically, many look to change their body composition, meaning how much muscular lean tissue and fat they have (Zanker, Cathy, and Louise). In many circumstances, such changes to one’s body are heavily scrutinized and evaluated against social norms (O’Donnell). Exercise to improve body composition can be done using two different methods, anaerobic and aerobic exercise. In regards to improving body composition, anaerobic exercise's effects are
Abstract:The purpose of this experiment is to see if the number of times somebody closes a clothespin increases with or without exercise.It is our hypothesis that if you rest first then you should be able to squeeze clothespin more times in one minute then squeezing the clothespin with exercise. In our experiment one person exercised for two minutes and then squeezed the clothespin, then after the one minute they rested then squeezed the clothespin. Our hypothesis was proven correct since the person squeezed the clothespin more after he rested.
Applied kinesiology is the scientific study of muscular movement, physical activities and the anatomy, physiology, and mechanics of the movement of body parts. Kinesiology was first created by the American/Italian chiropractor Anthony Gil in Milano, Italy. This relatively new study has many different branches of specialized studies. Many similar goals of kinesiology are to: restore normal nerve functions, have...
Aerobic exercise involves improving the cardiovascular system. It increases the efficiency with which the body is able to utilize oxygen (Dintiman, Stone, Pennington, & Davis, 1984). In other words, aerobic exercise means that continuous and large amounts of oxygen are needed to get in order to generate the amount of energy needed to complete the workout. The most common type of aerobic exercise is long-distance running, or jogging. While running, the body requires large amounts of energy in order for the body to sustain energy. “During prolonged exercise, most of the energy is aerobic, derived from the oxidation of carbohydrates and fats” (Getchell, 1976).
You might be thinking " I'm already in pretty good shape, but I do wanna build more muscles". Anaerobic exercises are a great way to build muscles and put on mass. Anaerobic exercise is an exercise intense enough to trigger lactic acid formation. It is used by athletes in non-endurance sports to promote strength, speed and power and by body-builders to build muscle mass. During short, intense exercise, our body demands more oxygen than it is available, so it depends on energy that is stored in the muscles. That is the key for its role in any fitness program. Anaerobic exercise is not meant to burn off fat you need oxygen for that its main role is to build strong muscles. It is much better at building overall strength and muscle mass. Anaerobic exercise will also increase the maximum amount of oxygen you use during exercise, improving your cardio.
Examples of an aerobic exercise are running, swimming, and cycling can improve the body's use of oxygen, thereby allowing the heart to work less strenuously. Also new ways to exercise are machines that can monitor your heart rate and help you out in more than one way. As I said before when your heart acts more strenuously then you run a very good risk of heart attach, stroke, and diabetes. A properly balanced diet of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals are essential. The object of any program of physical fitness is to maximize a person's health, strength, endurance, and skill relative to age, sex. These ends can only be realized through conscientious regulation of exercise, rest, diet, and periodic medical and dental examinations. But begin slowly and only gradually increased in strenuousness, then exercise should be regular and vigorous, once