A. History of UAVs
An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle is nothing but a pilotless aircraft. It is called Unmanned due to the absence of human presence onboard; Aerial Vehicle refers to the fact that it is an aerially operating vehicle. On the other hand, an Unmanned Aerial System is a UAV equipped with a communication system, a localization system, and a ground control station.
Long ago, people have taken interest in the prospect of having a UAV. The first incidence of a UAV was as early as 425 BC and was inspired by the flight of birds. The incidence VTOL UAVs was also during the same era, it was merely a stick with feathers, that when spun strongly enough, generates enough lift to go into vertical flight.
Towards the end of the 15th century, Da Vinci developed the ‘air gyroscope’. This is regarded by many as the ancestor of today’s helicopter. Its principle of operation was turning the shaft to generate a force strong enough which enables it to spin, and eventually fly.
In the 19th century, VTOL UAVs were the hottest and most focused on types of UAVs, that was mainly down to the lack of development of the steam engines which rendered the use of fixed wing UAVs as impractical.
It wasn’t until 1916 that the first modern UAV equipped with altitude control was developed and manufactured by the Americans Lawrence and Sperry. The UAV was stabilized via the use of a gyroscope. It was named the ‘Aviation Torpedo’ and had a flying capability of up to 30 miles.
In the 1960s and 1970s, the US developed the first proper Unmanned Vehicle Systems ‘UVS’, the Ryan 147 Series. These were used for reconnaissance missions in China and Vietnam.
From that point on, fixed wing UAVs oversaw a massive development, which eventually led to the manufactur...
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...er. The ailerons (flaps) on the wings of the UAV are used in order to control the roll of the UAV. The tail of the UAV is used to control both the pitch and yaw, it is noteworthy to mention that the yaw is only controlled up to some extent. [1, 2, 3] all discuss the dynamic modeling of fixed wing UAVs. elaborate more! Say what each one does
Rotary Wing UAVs
Rotary wing UAVs are also referred to as Vertical Take-Off Landing (VTOL) UAVs, due to their ability to take off and land vertically without the need for a runway or a catapult. The term rotary refers to the use of one or more rotors in the UAV. The most commonly used rotary UAVs in research and industry are the helicopter, and the quadrotor. Recently there has been an increase in focus on hexarotors and octorotors. They are desirable in applications requiring hovering capability and high maneuverability.
In today’s world, the use of airplanes in wars or in everyday life has become a part of how we live as human beings. Removing the air forces of the world is like taking a step back in time when wars were only fought on land or sea. WWI began only eleven short years after the Wright brothers achieved powered flight in 19031 and yet aircrafts were being used for surveillance and eventually combat purposes. It is understood that these aircrafts were primitive, but they laid down the foundation for what we know today as fighter jets. The Fokker Eindecker “revolutionized air combat by successfully employing a synchronized forward -firing machine gun mounted on the engine cowling”2. Because this airplane became the first to successfully use a synchronized machine gun, it allowed its pilots to become the first aerial combat tactitions3.
When we think about the drones we always associate them with dirty works where humans don’t have to get their hands dirty. But in reality we can also use drones at many other places. For example, we can use delivery drones to deliver stuff. Drones that are used for commercial purposes are called the commercial drones. Commercial drones are the same as drones, but they are smaller in the size.
The history of flying dates back as early as the fifteenth century. A Renaissance man named Leonardo da Vinci introduced a flying machine known as the ornithopter. Da Vinci proposed the idea of a machine that had bird like flying capabilities. Today no ornithopters exist due to the restrictions of humans, and that the ornithopters just aren’t practical. During the eighteenth century a philosopher named Sir George Cayley had practical ideas of modern aircraft. Cayley never really designed any workable aircraft, but had many incredible ideas such as lift, thrust, and rigid wings to provide for lift. In the late nineteenth century the progress of aircraft picks up. Several designers such as Henson and Langley, both paved the way for the early 1900’s aircraft design. Two of the most important people in history of flight were the Wright Brothers. The Wright Brothers were given the nickname the “fathers of the heavier than air flying machine” for their numerous flights at their estate in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Orville and Wilbur Wright created a motor-powered biplane in which they established incredible feats of the time. The Wright Brothers perfected their design of the heavier than air flying ma...
The V22-Osprey was an aircraft that began as a figment of the imagination of the US armed forces and related parties. It is a tiltrotor aircraft that can takeoff vertically, considered a VTOL (vertical takeoff and landing), as well as an STOL (short takeoff and landing), while also being capable of converting into a turboprop airplane capable of high-speed, high-altitude flight. The aircraft was a quite costly and deadly "research project" that began in 1982 that has since gone into production and use. These factors made it a controversial project at time, however its benefits have surpassed the challenges presented along the path of its development.
Drones and UAVs are remote control vehicles that need no pilot, instead they use a signal coming from a machine that someone is controlling. Although that is not always been the case for drones, the technology in its primitive stage was available during the late 1800’s. It was seen during the civil war in the form of hot air balloons and both north and south possessed a way to create the machines. They contained a timed mechanism that would release an explosive when the time was over, this seemed very clever, but at the time it was not very effective. Years passed and the Wright brothers and created the airplane in the early 1900’s, and they did needed pilots. The concept of airplanes was moved to the next level when in the 1930’s Britain Royal Navy created one of the first UAVs. This particular UAV was know as “The Queen Bee’’. This particular model was driven by what is said to be a radio signal. Much later Drones became much more complex and that is because years of technological advances were added to old models that were being produced in late 1900’s. Today, ...
During World War II (WW2) the aeroplane proved to be the military’s greatest asset. It was dominant as it was versatile. Unlike the tank, boat or even the foot soldier the planes can serve in all areas of one countries military, land, sea and of course the air. They could fight where ever needed. Not only did they attack in dog fights or bombing raids they could go for a surveillance or reconnaissance to assist their forces. They destroyed many enemies industrial plants and provided many ground combat support.
In 1957, the army began developing a new fighting force based on the helicopter. ...
10 years, with the rise of computer technology, the UAV’s largest debut has been in
This consisted of a primitive exchange of pistol fire between British and German planes . (Harvey-95) The first flying experience for the United States occurred in 1862, during the Civil War. General McClellan went into battle against the South with a balloon corps floated by hydrogen and pulled by four horses. (Saga-51) Literary fiction started to breed ideas about the use of planes in warfare.
Planes have developed immensely through the years. The Wright brothers developed the first plane in 1903.
Drones are also called unmanned aerial vehicles. They come in various sizes for many uses. Drones are known by different names such as “Killer Drone” or “Spy” or “Surveillance Drone” as they are mostly used to decimate enemy and harm civilians, which is why drones receive negative feedback from the public. Not all people use drones in warfare, they also use them as a hobby to film and entertain. Despite the fact that drones have negative sides, they also have positive sides as well.
The Wright brothers made their first air worthy plane in 1903, since then, planes have come a long way. During the war, planes were used to drop bombs and cargo. The United States used a plane to drop atomic bombs. They were also used to spy on other countries before satellites were conventional. Planes were getting faster and more complicated. Now we have planes that can fly themselves and take photos. But until now no plane has been better than the SR-71, also known as the Black Bird.
Another name for drones are Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVS). These are “aircraft either controlled by ‘pilots’ from the ground or increasingly, autonomously following a pre-programmed mission” (Cole 4). Even though there are many unique types of drones, but they usually fall under two main categories: ones that are armed and equipped with missiles and bombs and others that are used for surveillance. In the past couple of years the use of drones has increased dramatically. The reason being because “unlike manned aircraft they can stay aloft for many hours and are flown remotely so there is no danger to the flight crew” (Cole 13). There are drones that can actually fly over more than fifty hours. In countries such as Afghanistan and Iraq, the Predator and U.S Reaper are physically there. Cause of the power of technology th...
But it is also a fact that this century is also trying to use this UAV technology in a different perspective, away from war or destruction and is hoping to create a new series of real achievements by deploying it. Especially, it goes true for Business sector which can add quality service badge on its shoulder by using it in a way more productive, economic and fruitful for mutual benefits.
In the late 19th century, transportation took enormous time and effort, and it was often dangerous. With this being said, it was time for someone to shine. The creative minds of the world began to come out, and, finally, the world met a breakthrough. In Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, an alarming invention would change the way humans transport, forever. In 1903, Wilbur and Orville Wright had succeeded in a lifelong adventure of creating a flying machine.