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essay on ethicals in law enforcement
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Everyone has rights. Even animals have rights. Our textbook defines a right as “an individual’s entitlement to something”. Rights may derive from moral standards or a legal system. Three types of rights are legal rights, moral rights and human rights.
A legal right, according to our textbook is “an entitlement that derives from a legal system and permits or empowers a person to act in a specified way or that requires others to act in certain ways toward that person.” Legal rights are created by a legal system and can be different in different areas. For example: in South Carolina you have a legal right to ride a motorcycle without a helmet. However it is against the law to ride without a helmet in North Carolina. So in South Carolina you are empowered to choose whether you want to wear a helmet or not.
Our textbook defines human and moral rights as “rights that all human beings everywhere possess to an equal extent by virtue of being human beings.” Moral rights apply to all human beings no matter what area you are in.
Three features that define a moral right are as follows. First, moral rights are tightly correlated with duties. If I have a right to do something, then others have a
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Kant’s principle is closely related to the golden rule. In Kant’s theory, put yourself in the other person’s shoes before you act. You should also question the consequences of an action if everyone did it. For example; you need a pack of copy paper at home. There are at least twenty reams of paper in your office. The company won’t miss one ream. You should stop and think. Put yourself in the owner of the company’s shoes. How would you feel about an employee taking paper from you? You should also question, what if everyone else in the office took one ream each. The cost would add up fast. So the decision is easy. It is morally wrong to take copy paper from your
The philosophy of rights has been a perennial subject of discussion not only because it is embedded in the intellectual tradition and political practices of many countries but also because it exhibits deep divisions of opinion on fundamental matters. Even a cursory survey of the literature on rights since, say, the time of the Second World War would turn up a number of perplexing questions to which widely divergent answers have been given: What are rights? Are rights morally fundamental? Are there any natural rights? Do human rights exist? Are all the things listed in the UN's Universal Declaration (of 1948) truly rights? What are moral rights? Legal rights? Are basic moral rights compatible with utilitarianism? How are rights to be justified? What is the value of rights? Can infants have rights, can fetuses have them, or future generations, or animals? And so on.
Moral rights and legal rights differ in a way that moral rights are universal, everyone has them regardless where they live, or what sort of society they live in, they are equal in that they apply to everyone regardless of their age, gender etc., they are inalienable, they cannot be given up or taken away and they are natural in that they exist by virtue of our humanity. In contrast to moral rights legal rights are particular,
Kant’s theory argues that the moral worth of an action is to be judged not by its consequences but the nature of the maxim or principle that motivated the action. He states the right actions are not necessarily those with favorable consequences but those performed with accordance with correct maxims. Kant also defines the correct maxims are the ones that can serve as universal laws (79). According to Kant there is a formula for the “Unversal Law,” First we wold have to figure out the general principle we would be actin on. We can use his example of borrowing money knowing you can pay it back. In order for us to universalize the maxim we must think if everyone were in “X” situation they would all do “Y.” So if everyone needed to borrow money knowing they could not pay it back they would then like and make a false promise. So this cold not be a universal law because if everyone started making false promises a promise would mean nothing and would only be using someone as a means. Kant also discusses categorical imperative and hypothetical imperative; categorical imperative is an unconditional moral law that applies to all rational beings and independent of any personal motive or law “to act for the state of duty”(81). One objection to Kants theory would be that duties that resul...
- These rights are natural rights, petitions, bills of rights, declarations of the rights of man etc.
In the simplest of terms, human rights are those that undoubtedly belong to each person. These rights, from a philosophical standpoint, have certain characteristics that distinguish them from any other. According to Richard Wasserstrom, author of the article, "Rights, Human Rights, and Racial Discrimination," human rights embody several characteristics. Primarily, and perhaps obviously, human rights are those that belong solely to humans (Wasserstrom 631). Moreover, Wasserstrom...
Human rights are simply just that rights that you get simply for being human. Of course there is more to it than that and that is why the Universal Declaration of Rights has changed throughout time. When I read the Universal declaration of rights I thought it was very similar to the Constitution but in a worldwide sense. It was simple to understand and I agreed with them. However, what really got me thinking was the PowerPoint presentation questions which asked to think about which rights were being, protected, enjoyed, denied and conflicted.
Human rights are the inborn and universal rights of every human being regardless of religion, class, gender, culture, age, ability or nationality, that ensure basic freedom and dignity. In order to live a life with self-respect and dignity basic human rights are required.
All people have a rights, this is so important in modern society. The main legal document is a constitution.and constitution says the whole person have own rights. These are the rights right of life, right of Dignity and also right of speech.
Indeed, human right is never just a legal matter as it also involves moral principles to justify its inalienable and non-transferable status. UDHR preamble states that human right is the “recognition of the inherent dignity”. That means we are entitled to human rights because we have inherent values to be pursued and realized. Human rights are originated in ourselves, but not conferred by law or others. If a society does not recognize those aforementioned justifications, human rights would be unsupported and a...
A general definition of human rights are that they are rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled to, simply because there human. It is the idea that ‘all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.’ The thought that human rights are universal emerges from the philosophical view that human rights are linked to the conservation of human dignity- that respect for individual dignity is needed regardless of the circumstance, leading to the notion that human rights are universal. The earliest form of human rights can be traced back to European history- the French Declaration on the Rights of Man and of Citizen which says that men are born free and equal in rights.
To begin I will give a brief outline of what rights are, their functions and how they server us. The Concise Oxford Dictionary defines a right as including "a thing one may legally or morally claim; the state of being entitled to a privilege or immunity or authority to act.” Rights are things to which you are entitled or allowed, freedoms that are guaranteed. Human rights are laws (e.g.) the Canadian Human Rights Act that ensure equality of opportunity and freedom from discrimination where people are protected and not placed at disadvantage simply because of their age, sex, race, ethnicity, colour, religion, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, family status, physical or mental disability and a pardoned criminal conviction – as stated in on the Canadian Human Rights Commission website. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris in 1948 as a result of the Second World War and was in hopes to bring equality to ...
…rights which are inherent to the human being ... human rights acknowledges that every single human being is entitled to enjoy his or her human rights without distinction as to race, [color], sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. [To add on, human] rights are legally guaranteed by human rights law, protecting individuals and groups against actions that interfere with fundamental freedoms and human dignity (Human rights for
The contemporary canon of human rights refers to the entire set of internationally recognized human rights declarations and conventions, beginning with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) and including all of the subsequently drafted and enacted international human rights instruments, such as the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, the Declaration on the Right to Development, the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and several dozens of other international documents which identify and codify human rights norms. Given that each of these documents contain several dozen articles, many of which describe several, complex rights, all together there are probably well over one hundred things that can be identified as "human rights" based on the canon.
What is human rights? According to the New World Encyclopedia Human rights are those rights that each person is entitled to simply because he or she is a human being. Human rights are guaranteed by law no matter one’s nationality and should not be violated by any state or none-state officials. The idea of human rights depends on the possibility that every individual has worth and nobility and in this way merits certain fundamental freedoms.[1] With the acknowledgement of these basic freedoms, each person can make their own decisions and form their own opinions without their rights of safety or security being violated or threatened by government or nongovernment bureaucrats. Therefore, it is understood globally that humans are entitled to at least three types of rights. First, is civil rights which incorporates individual rights to freedom of speech, religion, and beliefs. Next,
Human rights are rights that are believed to belong to every person whether or not they have a psychological or physical condition. These rights ensure that these people are treated as someone without a psychological or physical condition. A Bill of Rights is a declaration of individual rights and freedoms, usually issued by a national government. There are two types of Bill of Rights. A constitutional Bill of Rights is a set of rights that is incorporated into a constitution. A statutory Bill of Rights is based on the government passing legislation containing the rights, and can be amended or repealed simply by passing a new law. Unlike most similar liberal democracies, Australia does not have a Bill of Rights to protect human rights, however