An In-Depth Analysis on the Prescription of Stimulant Medication as a Treatment for ADHD
explanatory Essay
1127 words
Stimulant medication could be the miracle drug, or the most harmful thing to hit the younger generations. Medications such as Adderall and Ritalin are playing a prominent role in many adolescents’ lives, or the lives of people close to them. There is an “underground market” for medications like these, and the market is growing quickly. Whether just to make sure they pass that next test, or if they really believe they need it, stimulants’ popularity is soaring, and not just among adolescents but doctors as well. Stimulant medication / therapy is being prescribed at a growing rate, leading to many cases of misuse and diversion that can severely affect the users entire life, and play a very unclear part in any other substance abuse they engage in later in life. ADHD is quickly becoming one of the most commonly diagnosed disorders, and the rate seems to continue increasing as more information on it becomes available. Then again ADHD has a fairly wide range of functions it can affect. While the disorder, for children anyway, can be simplified down to hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention, those three symptoms can affect “cognitive, academic, behavioral, emotional, and social functioning,” quickly becoming a major problem. Over the years, a complex diagnostic process has been developed specifically for children. “For children <17 years, the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition) diagnosis of ADHD requires ≥6 symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity or ≥6 symptoms of inattention. For adolescents ≥17 years and adults, ≥5 symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity or ≥5 symptoms of inattention are required.” In addition to those exact requirements, in order to even be considered symptoms they ha... ... middle of paper ... .... New York: Oxford UP, 2001. Print. Wilens, Timothy E., MD, Lenard A. Adler, MD, Jill Adams, PhD, Stephanie Sgambati, MA, John Rotrosen, MD, Robert Sawtelle, BA, Linsey Utzinger, BA, and Steven Fusillo, BS. "Misuse and Diversion of Stimulants Prescribed for ADHD: A Systematic Review of Literature." Jaacap.com. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Jan. 2008. Web. 9 Dec. 2013. Wilens, Timothy E., MD, Stephen V. Faraone, PhD, Joseph Biederman, MD, and Samantha Gunawardene, BS. "Does Stimulant Therapy of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Beget Later Substance Abuse? A Meta-analytic Review of the Literature." Does Stimulant Therapy of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Beget Later Substance Abuse? A Meta-analytic Review of the Literature. Official Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics, 18 June 2002. Web. 09 Dec. 2013.
In this essay, the author
- Opines that stimulant medication could be the miracle drug, or the most harmful thing to hit the younger generations. adderall and ritalin are playing a prominent role in many adolescents' lives.
- Explains that adhd is one of the most commonly diagnosed disorders, and the rate seems to continue increasing as more information on it becomes available.
- Explains that stimulants raise the levels of nervous and physiological activity in the patient, stimulating their nervous system. they are the most commonly prescribed medication to treat adhd.
- Explains that 9% of high school adolescents report misusing stimulant medication, and up to 35% of college students report the same thing. add and adhd were created so that companies could create incredibly addictive drugs and prescribe them to normal children.
- Explains that without proper monitoring and education, illegal users may be impacted by their use for the rest of their lives. overdosing on stimulants like ritalin or adderall can lead to euphoria, delirium, confusion, toxic psychosis, and hallucinations.
- Explains that a history of taking stimulant medication is statistically sign that there will be less substance abuse later in life.
- Opines that stimulants are only increasing in popularity in both the medical field and unlicensed sales, which can severely harm patients, but may also provide unexpected benefits.
- Cites the webmd article "stimulant drugs to treat adhd: types, side effects and more" by patricia quinn.
- Describes the adhd and creativity: a double-edged study - attention deficit disorder association.
- Explains that college kids with adhd face unique challenges. wolters kluwer health's attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents.
- Explains matlen, terry, acsw, and mary jane johnson, pcc, 'ad/hd and hypersensitivities: the princess and the pea syndrome'.
- States that matlen, terry, msw, acsw. adhd: not just for kids anymore. attention deficit disorder association.
- Explains richardson, wendy, ma, mft, cas. "adhd and stimulant medication abuse." attention deficit disorder association.
- Describes the literature review of the american academy of child & adolescent psychiatry.
- Explains that stimulant therapy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder beget later substance abuse? a meta-analytic review of the literature.
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- ADHD and Its Treatmentsanalytical essayThe purpose of this research was to describe and understand Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and the most effective treatment options that are available today. ADHD is a mental health disorder that affects 3-9% of the population in ways that, if left untreated, can wreak havoc on the mind of the sufferer. It makes concentration difficult, large tasks seem insurmountable, and causes impulsive and hyperactive tendencies. Fortunately, research and experiments have led to new and effective treatments to help those who suffer from this disorder (Dupaul 8). This research examined journal articles and internet sources on the topic to help unlock the complexities of the disorder through scientific research. It also was a way to separate the myths of the disorder from the truths, while discovering the causes, diagnosis methods, and best treatment alternatives to battle this prevalent disorder.
In this essay, the author
- Explains the purpose of this research was to describe and understand attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd) and the most effective treatment options that are available today.
- Explains that sir george f. published a series of lectures to the royal college of physicians in 1902 in which he described impulsive children with significant behavioral problems caused by genetic dysfunction and not by poor child rearing.
- Analyzes how adhd can be challenging for children and adolescents. they act impulsively without addressing the consequences of their actions until it is too late.
- Argues that neurobiology and genetics play a dominant role in the cause of adhd.
- Explains that the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (dsm-iv) illustrates three patterns of behavior to note when diagnosing the disorder.
- Explains that experts categorize patients into three subtypes based on their hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattentiveness.
- Explains that the diagnosis of adhd can be difficult because many healthy people exercise symptoms of the disorder. the diagnostic guidelines also contain specific requirements for determining when the symptoms indicate adhd.
- Explains that the person's behavior is compared against a set of criteria and characteristics of the disorder as listed in the dsm-iv-tr.
- Explains that a psychiatrist can prescribe stimulants to help combat the symptoms of adhd. stimulants reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity and improve focus, work, and learn.
- Explains that mental health professionals have shown dramatic improvements in controlling some of the negative behaviors associated with adhd. psychotherapy involves patients working with a therapist to help them like and accept themselves despite their disorder.
- Explains that the nimh reaffirms the effectiveness of multi-modal treatment for adhd by examining three experimental conditions: medication management alone, behavioral treatment alone or combination of medication and behavioral treatments.
- Explains that although there is no cure for adhd, there are effective treatments to considerably increase the quality of life of persons suffering from the disorder.
- Explains that the nimh conducted several experiments to support the assertions that genetic disposition and neurobiology were possible causes of adhd.
- Opines that there is an alternative way to interpret the evidence. genetics is linked to a person's chance of having adhd. they have had friends with adhd whose parents exhibit similar symptoms.
- Opines that genetics and neurobiology determine the patterns of adhd, and concludes that more research is needed before drawing an absolute conclusion.
1853 wordsRead More - What Is ADHD?explanatory essayAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common disorders diagnosed among children in the United States (Lynch, 2013). Its growing prevalence in the United States is becoming a major controversy in the field of Psychology. The public seems to have an opinion as well. Should we be treating children with …
In this essay, the author
- Explains that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd) is one of the most common disorders diagnosed among children in the united states.
- States that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd) is one of the most common disorders diagnosed among children in the united states.
- Explains the main symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, which causes difficulties for children in school, at home, and otherwise.
- Explains charles bradley's discovery that stimulants can calm hyper children by accident, which improved their behavior and ability to concentrate in school. the discovery of stimulant medication changed the treatment of adhd/ hyperactivity forever.
- Explains that the experiment will use six female experimentally naive sprague-dawley rats, which are approximately 6 months old and housed in the allegheny college colony.
- Explains the lafayette instruments co. operant conditioning chamber (model #80001) will serve as the apparatus. scheduling of all experimental events and data collection will be accomplished through a lafayette console.
- Explains that behavioral tolerance will occur; the response rate of rats before and during the drug insult will produce more frequent reinforcement (more adaptive behavior) than after abstinence is introduced
- Explains that each animal will receive each level of the independent variable and serve as its own control. the data will be analyzed with a one-way within-subjects anova.
- Explains how the diagnosis of adhd began with sir alexander crichton, who wrote about attention disorders, and heinrich hoffman's "fidgety phil".
- Explains that methylphenidate is a commonly used medication used to treat adhd. however, the question americans are not asking is at what cost does it do so?
- Explains that methylphenidate has been shown to produce structural changes in the brain based on events in an individual’s external environment.
- Describes how the procedure began with shaping the rats' behavior in order to train lever pressing behavior. the latin square design was used to introduce two control conditions and four different doses of methylphenidate.
2021 wordsRead More - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most researched psychiatric disease, but it is a disease we cannot confidently explain what the true cause is. “In children, ADHD has become the most commonly diagnosed psychiatric condition worldwide.” (Bailey,1) According to a news report prepared by USA Today over the past five years, the use of ADHD medications have increased 40% totaling 39.5 million individual prescriptions ("New findings," 2009). That goes to show a huge increase in prescriptions and the disease being diagnosed. Many people argue that ADHD is part of normal childhood and that the disease is fictional. While the question regarding the validity of ADHD is surrounded by controversy, scientific and psychiatric associations provide evidence that support its legitimacy.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that adhd is the most researched psychiatric disease, but it is a disease we cannot confidently explain what the true cause is.
- Explains that adhd is a medical disorder that affects several areas of the brain. there isn't one specific cause for someone to have adhd, but there are other causes that can occur.
- Explains that adhd can be categorized into three groups: inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity, or both of them combined. to be diagnosed with inattention disorder you must have six or more symptoms out of the nine to be present for at least six months.
- Explains that to be diagnosed with hyperactivity disorder a child must meet six or more of the following symptoms and must be present for more than six months by age 7.
- Explains that the american academy of pediatrics recommends that clinicians collect the following information when evaluating a child for ad/hd: a thorough medical and family history.
- Opines that doctors should put their patient through the official testing structure to accurately diagnose someone who is actually in need of medical attention and help.
- Explains that there is no cure for adhd, but there are ways to decrease the severity of one's symptoms to make it bearable to live and work with.
- Explains that dr. leon eisenberg, who passed away at the age of 87 in 2009, was an important person within the field of child psychiatry.
- Opines that adhd is real and affects some people making everyday tasks a struggle. they believe that doctors are making it easier for anyone to come in and claim they have it by saying the right things.
- Concludes that adhd is a complicated and grey area disease, and that scientific and psychiatric associations provide evidence that supports its legitimacy.
1662 wordsRead More - Analysis of over-diagnosing Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorderexplanatory essayThe mental health community has been noticeably slow in identifying that there may be a problem with diagnoses and prescriptions for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. The National Institute of Mental Health government publication, “Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General” notes a rise in concerns regarding over-diagnosis and overprescribing of stimulant therapy, by stating there may be "inappropriate diagnosis and treatment" taking place (National Institute of Mental Health, 2001). The US Dept. of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention reported in 2011 that an estimated 9% of children in the United States had ADHD (Bloom, 2011). This paper will define the disorder, discuss the notion of over-diagnosing, and the potential risks of overprescribing medication for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the mental health community has been noticeably slow in identifying that there may be a problem with diagnoses and prescriptions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
- Explains attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd) is a time of bodily, societal, and mental evolution. a consistent view of your life will help adolescents steer their life transitions in positive direction.
- Explains that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd) is a common neuropsychiatric condition with onset in childhood, generally becoming obvious during the first few years of grade school.
- Explains that researchers aren't sure what causes adhd, although previous research has suggested that genetics contribute to the disorder.
- Explains that adhd does not have a single, simply identifiable form, so diagnosing it requires an observer's interpretation. there are no laboratory tests that can predict adhd.
- Analyzes how the journal of the american medical association published a study that reported an alarming increase in the use of ritalin in children.
- Explains that some studies have shown that the actual diagnosis of adhd is proven wrong after a competent practitioner completes additional assessment.
- Explains that primary care doctors vary significantly in their assessment and diagnosis of childhood disorders, citing handler and dupaul (2005).
- Opines that the decision to treat a child with stimulant medicine can be difficult for many parents.
- Explains that stimulant medication has become the most popular treatment for adolescents with adhd, raising concerns about overprescription. some legislators have attempted to make drug companies place warning labels on medications used for childhood disorders.
- Explains that society is increasingly alarmed about the risks factors associated with long term stimulant use to treat adhd in children and adolescents for long periods of time.
- Explains that the centers for disease control and prevention has investigated the trend of children being treated due to complications with stimulant medications.
- Opines that adolescents who are prescribed stimulants misuse them or sell them to others who don't need to be taking the medication. stimulants can be abused orally, intranasally by crushing the tablets and snorting the powder, or parenterally.
- Analyzes how adolescents "glorify" the idea of drug use and falsely report adhd symptoms in attempts to obtain the medication from medical providers. adolescents seem to think they are cool if they sell their prescriptions to other students.
- Explains that a study in the midwestern public school district noted an increase in student being pressured into selling their medications.
- Explains that when parents are not educated about the effects of stimulants, they are unaware of the signs that the prescription may be abused by their adolescent.
- Explains the american psychological association's ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct.
- Explains that it can be more difficult to evaluate an adolescent for adhd than it is to assess an young child. younger children are supervised more closely because they are in smaller classrooms or haven't started school yet.
- Explains that the american psychological association's ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct states that psychologists use assessment instruments whose validity and reliability have been established for use with members of the population tested.
- Describes the guidelines for evaluating and treating adhd in children and adolescents. american psychological association. ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct.
- Describes the national institutes of health consensus statement on the diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adhd).
- Cites fritz, g, genel, bezman, and slanetz, p. j. on the diagnosis and treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents.
- Explains halperin, newcorn, matier, sharma, mckay, and schwartz. discriminant validity of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
- Cites handler, m.w., and dupaul, g.j. (2005). assessment of adhd: differences across psychology specialty areas.
- Explains the use, misuse and diversion of prescription stimulants among middle and high school students.
- Explains that facts, values, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: an update on the controversies.
- Explains the effects of stimulant treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder during childhood and adolescence.
- States that the us department of health and human services, centers for disease control & prevention, conducted a national health interview survey in 2011.
- Cites vatz, weinberg, kelleher, bocian, aker, childs, g.e., indacochea, f.
- Explains wolraich, wibbelsman, evans, s.w., gotlieb, e.m.
2148 wordsRead More - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorderexplanatory essayWigal, Sharon B. "Efficacy and Safety Limitations of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Pharmacotherapy in Children and Adults." CNS Drugs 23.(2009): 21-31. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 27 Mar. 2011. Helmke Library, Fort Wayne IN.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder creates a great deal of discussions among professionals. there are theories presented from each side about what causes it, how to asses it.
- Explains that adhd is a set of behavioral problems revolving around three main symptoms: incapacity to keep their attention focus, impulsiveness, hyperactivity, and restlessness.
- Explains that adhd is broken into three subtypes: impulsive and hyperactive, inattentive only, and all three. in the united states, 3-5% of children show signs of adhd.
- Explains that the dsm iv states that in order to accurately diagnose adhd, the patient must show at least six symptoms. symptoms must have been displayed prior the age of seven and must be present in both social and academic settings.
- Explains the need for specific guidelines in diagnosing adhd because sufferers may show symptoms that stem from other issues. bright students may find their work un-stimulating and become bored, thus becoming inattentive.
- Explains that the diagnosis of adhd offers many challenges, but determining its causes may be an even greater challenge.
- Explains the core issue with adhd is the incapacity to remain focused on any one activity, which causes the person to be unable to finish tasks.
- Explains that there are arguments against the theory that the disorder is neurologically based. some parents claim that their child pays attention if there is something interesting going on.
- Argues that adhd is genetic and runs in the family. strong evidence shows that children with adhd also have parents that suffer.
- Explains that treatment methods on how treat adhd are widely debated. some believe that mild symptoms should only be given psychological, social and educational therapy.
- Explains that the most effective way to treat patients, is through the use of medication. stimulant and non-stimulant drugs are most commonly used.
- Explains that adhd clinics claim to have a success rate between 80-95% and see improvement in key symptoms. however, there are short-term side effects such as headaches, loss of appetite, and sleeping difficulty.
- Opines that there are some who fear there may be long-term problems with these drugs such as growth suppression. there have been studies refuting this theory.
- Explains that adderall is expensive and costs on average $750 per year for on a daily dose of 30mg. the cost jumps to over $3000 with assessments and follow-ups.
- Opines that we must be careful when dealing with adhd and must look at the symptoms and treatment methods on a case by case basis.
- Explains that non-pharmacological treatments for adhd: a lifespan approach. ramsay, j. russell.
- Explains the effectiveness and safety limits of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder pharmacotherapy in children and adults.
- Explains the american psychiatric association's diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.
1337 wordsRead More - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorderanalytical essayAccording to Schwarz and Cohen (2013), approximately 11% of children are under medication. Authors have pointed out that one boy in every five high school boys have received medical treatment for ADHD. The above mentioned prevalence rates of ADHD among children and increase in medication have raised concerns among physicians that over-diagnosis and overmedication has become common among American children. Prescription of certain stimulants such as Ritalin and Adderall for children for improvement of their lives downgraded by the disorder has led to anxiety, addiction and psychosis. Experts think that long term use of stimulants such as Ritalin leads to physical dependence. It is also clear that long term users and abusers of Ritalin leads to the addiction. Schwarz and Cohen (2013) show that close to 6.4 million children of age of 4 and 17 have been diagnosed with ADHD in their lifetime. The reports made in the past two decades show a 41 % increase of ADHD diagnosis. In addition, there is an increase in diagnosis of the disorder by 16% among children since 2007. According to Lavender (2013), North Carolina has the highest number of children diagnosed w...
In this essay, the author
- Explains that experts have different views on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd) regarding diagnosis, medication and dependency in children resulting from use of stimulants.
- Explains that one in five high school boys have received medical treatment for adhd. prescription of stimulants such as ritalin and adderall for children has led to anxiety, addiction, and psychosis.
- Explains that 1 in 5 high school boys have undergone medical diagnosis and 11% of the school children have received a diagnosis of adhd.
- Explains that the diagnosis of adhd is only done by talking to parents or teachers. there is no other test that is conducted to ascertain the development of the disorder.
- Argues that over-medication is driven by the high rate of production of stimulants for the last 3 decades.
- Explains that the use of ritalin is widely accepted in a global society for treatment of children with adhd.
- Analyzes how schwarz and cohen (2013) point out that parents are on rush to help their kids with questionable behaviors and poor grades in schools, but make such decisions without conducting tests that can ascertain the consequences of drug use.
- Explains that the diagnosis of adhd has become too wide resulting in needless and harmful treatment for children.
- Argues that a large percentage of minors diagnosed with adhd do not receive relevant treatment to curb the disorder.
- Explains that the diagnosis of adhd varies from state to state in the u.s.
- Opines that adhd diagnosis may have become too broad causing 'needless and harmful' treatment for children, warns study.
1612 wordsRead More - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)comparative essay3. Vitiello M.D., Benedetto. Study update: Long- Term Effects of Stimulant Medications in AD/HD Children.1996 http://www.chadd.org/attention/attnv7n1p9.htm
In this essay, the author
- Explains that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ad/hd) is an organic problem, which tends to run in families.
- Explains that adhd affects many areas of a child's life, including self-esteem, academic skills, social relationships, and family relationships. stimulants have been used for over 50 years in the treatment of children with adhd.
- Opines that the classroom can be one of the most aggravating places for the adhd student, his/her classmates, and the teacher.
- Advises students to surround themselves with role models, preferably students who view them as significant others. bob seay, author of teaching the ad/hd student, lists a few helpful tips to decrease distractions.
- Recommends seating adhd students in the front, middle of the room, incorporating learning activities into your classes, and working with them one-on-one if you can.
- Advises students to keep eye contact during verbal instructions, make directions clear and concise, simplify complex directions, and avoid multiple commands.
- Explains that children will need more help for longer periods of time than the average child. studies show that symptoms of childhood adhd persist into adulthood in about half of the cases.
- Explains that there is not a cure for adhd, although medication helps there are side effects. they decided to major in education but minor in special ed to help children like the student at college park elementary school.
- Cites about.com, the council for exceptional children, and vitiello m.d., benedetto. long-term effects of stimulant medications in ad/hd children.
- Explains that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adults: comorbidities and adaptive impairments.
1078 wordsRead More - ADHD Classificationexplanatory essay...ed. The drug and alcohol rates are slightly higher with adolescents with ADHD. The lack of co morbidity and family conflict in a child’s life tends to help them function better in adolescents.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that adhd is a common and often relentless disorder in children. it is hyperactive, easily distracted and impulsive, causing problems emotionally, academically, and socially.
- Explains that the proper classification of adhd is still undecided, however, over the past 60 years there have been any different terms used to describe the disorder.
- Explains the three defining characteristics of adhd: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
- Explains that the diagnostic and statistical manual (dsm) categorizes adhd into three groups: predominantly independent, hyperactive-impulsive, and combined.
- Explains that co morbidity is often present in children with adhd, often experiencing one or more behavioral disorders that affect the ability to function normally.
- Explains that adhd is caused by biological factors, mostly involving the central nervous system. genetic research on adhd has increased immensely in the past 5 years.
- Explains that while genetic and environmental factors are associated with adhd and externalizing disorders, the largest contributions to comorbid adhd were made by shared familial and contextual factors.
- Explains that adhd results from multiple causes including, biological-genetic, family environment, and community factors.
- Explains the main subtypes of adhd are distinct. research shows that it is possible they have different etiologies and responses to treatment.
1379 wordsRead More - Autism Spectrum Disorder, Tardive Dyskinesia, Attention Hyperactive Deficit Disorderargumentative essayAttention deficit Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a psychiatric condition with lack of attention, and/or hyperactivity and acting impulsively which is inappropriate for a person’s age (Berry, 2012). Prevalence of ADHD is 6-7 % when diagnosed via DSM-IV criteria (Willcutt, 2012) and 1-2% when diagnosed via ICD-10 criteria (Philip 2012). Studies have shown that 33-58% of the children diagnosed with ADHD in their childhood suffer the same fate when they enter their period of adolescent and adult age with considerable impairment. (Lara et al., 2009; Lie N, 1992; Barkley et al., 2002; Rasmussen and Gillberg, 2000)
In this essay, the author
- Asks whether adhd and asd children have the same use of increased screen based media.
- Describes the amount of time spent by these children on each of these media.
- Describes the objectives of the study, which is to assess screen-based media use in children with adhd, autism, and typical development.
- Describes the prevalence of screen-based media in children with adhd, asd, and td.
- Estimates the number of hours spent on each of the individual media described above across different groups.
- Assesses the type of programs watched on tv, types of game genre preferred or played.
- Explains that special children's educational institute (scei) is a private institute that provides platform for mentally and physically challenged children to prepare for this world.
- Explains that aga khan university hospital is the leading tertiary care hospital of pakistan with a well developed pediatric clinic, pediatric ward and psychiatry services.
- Explains that no previous diagnosis of asd, adhd or other developmental disorder should be present for children with td.
- Describes children with developmental disorders other than those mentioned in our study and research topic.
- Explains that autism spectrum disorder is characterized by problematic social interaction and significant communication impairment, together with the presence of behavior, actions, and interests that are recurring and restraining.
- Explains that there are no studies from pakistan elucidating the time spent by children with adhd, asd, and td. screen based media can be used as positive reinforcement to make these children capable of tackling this social world.
- Opines that there is a strong need for more research in this field as prevalence of adhd could be as high as 6-7% in less than 18 year olds.
- Explains that the study will be a case-control study to see the difference of use of different "screen-based media" across cases i.e. children with adhd, asd and td.
1400 wordsRead More - Ritalin: Not the Best Treatment for ADHD or ADDanalytical essayRitalin and other drugs used to treat children with ADHD and ADD have been given a lot of negative and some positive press over the years, but what is alarming is the statistics which I discovered from Suellen May, the editor of Understanding Drugs: Ritalin and Related Drugs: “In 1996, an estimated 1.5 million American schoolchildren (approximately 3-5% of all U.S. schoolchildren) were taking Ritalin daily” (9). The number clearly doubled over the years, which indicates that the use of Ritalin is increasing tremendously in America. With this in mind, while some feel that Ritalin is helpful overtime, the numbers show that Ritalin is actually not the best treatment for those who suffer from ADHD or ADD.
In this essay, the author
- Opines that ritalin is not the best treatment for add or adhd.
- Explains that teachers' expectations can influence how students perform.
- Argues that ritalin is not the best treatment for those who suffer from adhd or add.
- Explains that the long-term effects of ritalin are permanent damage to blood vessels of the heart and brain, high blood pressure leading to heart attacks, strokes, and even death.
- Explains that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was diagnosed at the university of maryland medical center. death from ritalin abuse & addiction, criminal penalties.
1002 wordsRead More - The Overdiagnosis of ADHD in Childrenanalytical essayKelland, Kate. "Children with ADHD say stimulant drugs help them: study." Huffington Post. 10 14 2012: n. page. Web. 9 Apr. 2014.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the number of students on powerful meds for adhd and add is shocking, but they never realized the full extent to which this disorder was effecting america's youth.
- Argues that many children who are diagnosed with adhd don't actually have the disorder or just have a slight bit of it.
- Argues that adhd symptoms can be calmed by changing the environment that children learn in.
- Describes the benefits of stimulants for adhd. journal of attention disorders, 12(6), 495-498.
- Explains hailemariam, a. pediatricians' preferences for adhd information from schools.
- Analyzes kelland, kate, "children with adhd say stimulant drugs help them: study." huffington post.
- Analyzes sindelar, r. (2004). recess: is it needed in the 21st century?
- Disproves the claim that children who have trouble paying attention need adhd medication in order to do well in school.
- Argues that while medication is needed for some cases, it is not crucial to being successful in school.
1421 wordsRead More - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)explanatory essayStimulant drugs are widely used to treat the symptoms of ADHD. These stimulants dramatically reduce the hyperactivity of sufferers and improve their ability to focus, learn and work. Such medication may also improve physical coordination, for instance handwriting and sports. Research completed by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) suggests that these medicines may also help children with an accompanying conduct disorder to control their impulsive, destructive behaviours. The three medications that have been proven by the NIMH to be most effective in both children and adults suffering from ADHD are: methylphenidate (Ritalin), dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine or Dextrostat), and pemoline (Cylert). (NIMH 1999) Yet there is currently much research on the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, such as t...
In this essay, the author
- Explains that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder affects 3 to 5 percent of children, with persistence of symptoms into adolescence and adulthood.
- Explains that stimulant drugs are widely used to treat the symptoms of adhd, such as methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine and pemoline.
- Explains the effectiveness of atomoxetine, a stimulant drug used for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
- Explains that another trial on the topic of treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder has included five newest food and drug administration (fda) approved stimulant agents — concerta, metadate cd, ritalin la, adderall xr, focalin.
- Explains that innovative technology has fuelled the development of new release mechanisms and isolation of active enantiomer components with the hopes of enhancing the duration of action and improving the safety and effectiveness of stimulant agents.
- Explains that concerta was the first extended relief or long-lasting drug available for the sufferers of adhd. metadate cd is the second stimulant drug on the market.
- Compares the characteristics of newly approved psychostimulants based on age and over 6 years. the recommended daily dose is 54 mg 60 mg.
- Explains that ritalin la uses the spheroidal oral drug absorption system (sodas) technology producing the same effect as a normal stimulant taken at four-hour intervals.
- Explains that the final experiment that researches the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder focuses on the combining effects of stimulant therapy, such as ritalin, eeg biofeedback, and the parenting style.
- Explains that research is done to improve conditions and quality of life for those suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. stimulant therapy can be conveniently taken once a day. alternative treatments are available.
- Cites brown university child and adolescent behavior center's report that fda approves new nonstimulant treatment for adhd.
- Cites michelson, albert j. allen, joan busner, charles casat, david dunn, christopher kratochvil, jeffrey newcorn, f. randy sallee, r. bart sangal, keith saylor, scott west, douglas kelsey,
- Explains the effects of stimulant therapy, eeg biofeedback, and parenting style on the primary symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
1686 wordsRead More - Non-Pharmacological Treatmentexplanatory essayD., Page, A. J., Ridao, M., ….. Moher, D. (2015). The pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BioMed, 4(19), 1-5..
In this essay, the author
- Explains non-pharmacological treatment recommendations for miranda, including nutritional intake, psychological factors, and behavioral modification techniques.
- Explains that the pharmacological treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
- Describes the nonpharmacological interventions for adhd: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials.
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