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Artificial intelligence history
History of development of robotics
Essay on the history of artificial intelligence
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An Explosion of Technology: What is it? The term artificial intelligence is defined as "the study and design of intelligent agents", but what does this even mean and what qualifies a computer or electronic system to be an “intelligent agent” (“Artificial Intelligence” par. 1)? Over the past few decades movies such as Terminator and iRobot have been released depicting artificially intelligent beings that have achieved higher capabilities of understanding, sometimes even surpassing human intelligence. The real question is how realistic are these movies? Products such as SIRI and the autonomous Google Cars may give the world a glimpse into the future of A.I. (Allen par. 5-7). With the exponential increase in computer technology such as the innovative …show more content…
“It had multiply jointed realistic wings, could move its head around and mimic the swallowing neck movements of a duck, “eat” grain, splash water, etc.” (Malcolm par. 9-10). This would be, what people of the 18th century, described as artificial intelligence due to the fact that it could mirror the actions of an intelligent organism. However, in the modern era, this would only pass for a high school science fair project. The definition of A.I. has progressed exponentially since 1738 once again making headlines in 1996 with the emergence of the IBM computer named Deep Blue. For the first time ever, a computer was able to defeat a champion chess player (“Deep Blue” par. …show more content…
“The cars have required intervention by a human co-pilot only about once every 1,000 miles” (Allen par. 5-7). This is not only a generational break through but shows the capabilities of what autonomous machines running off of artificial intelligence may achieve. However, Google will not stop there, it has also stated that “the goal is to reduce this rate (referring to the human intervention) to once every 1,000,000 miles” (Allen par. 5). To put this statistic in perspective, on average, the lengthiest car life has been reported, by Google, to be the Honda Civic. 1.6 percent of the time the Honda Civic can last over 200,000 miles (“How Many”). By making the one million mile claim, Google is essentially saying that they believe that in the near future it would be possible to have A.I. run the lifespan of eight Honda Civics without an incident. Although these autonomous machines may not be on the market for some time, it is in the foreseeable future that A.I. controls our day to day
Andy Clark strongly argues for the theory that computers have the potential for being intelligent beings in his work “Mindware: Meat Machines.” The support Clark uses to defend his claims states the similar comparison of humans and machines using an array of symbols to perform functions. The main argument of his work can be interpreted as follows:
The official foundations for "artificial intelligence" were set forth by A. M. Turing, in his 1950 paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" wherein he also coined the term and made predictions about the field. He claimed that by 1960, a computer would be able to formulate and prove complex mathematical theorems, write music and poetry, become world chess champion, and pass his test of artificial intelligences. In his test, a computer is required to carry on a compelling conversation with humans, fooling them into believing they are speaking with another human. All of his predictions require a computer to think and reason in the same manner as a human. Despite 50 years of effort, only the chess championship has come true. By refocusing artificial intelligence research to a more humanlike, cognitive model, the field will create machines that are truly intelligent, capable of meet Turing's goals. Currently, the only "intelligent" programs and computers are not really intelligent at all, but rather they are clever applications of different algorithms lacking expandability and versatility. The human intellect has only been used in limited ways in the artificial intelligence field, however it is the ideal model upon which to base research. Concentrating research on a more cognitive model will allow the artificial intelligence (AI) field to create more intelligent entities and ultimately, once appropriate hardware exists, a true AI.
"My name is Dorothy," said the girl, "and I am going to the Emerald City, to ask the Oz to send me back to Kansas."
Artificial Intelligence is a term not too widely used in today’s society. With today’s technology we haven’t found a way to enable someone to leave their physical body and let their mind survive within a computer. Could it be possible? Maybe someday, but for now it’s just in theory. The novel by William Gibson, Neuromancer, has touched greatly on the idea of artificial intelligence. He describes it as a world where many things are possible. By simply logging on the computer, it opens up a world we could never comprehend. The possibilities are endless in the world of William Gibson.
The concepts of the development of artificial intelligence can be traced as far back as ancient Greece. Even something as small as the abacus has in someway led to the idea of artificial intelligence. However, one of the biggest breakthroughs in the area of AI is when computers were invented.
The field of artificial intelligence was created in 1955 by a group of researchers who wanted to “make machines use language, form abstractions and concepts, solve the kinds of problems now reserved for humans, and improve themselves” (Khatchadourian 71). During this time, people aspired for, not feared, a future with civilizations made of intelligent robots. Today, critics of artificial intelligence seem to fear it for the eventual higher than human level of intelligence that its creators planned for it to ultimately possess all along. Herbert Simon, a computer scientist involved in the original project, recognized that humans would need to maintain control over the machines they created in case the machines became self-aware, but he was
When most people think of artificial intelligence they might think of a scene from I, Robot or from 2001: A Space Odyssey. They might think of robots that highly resemble humans start a revolution against humanity and suddenly, because of man’s creation, man is no longer the pinnacle of earth’s hierarchy of creatures. For this reason, it might scare people when I say that we already utilize artificial intelligence in every day society. While it might not be robots fighting to win their freedom to live, or a defense system that decides humanity is the greatest threat to the world, artificial intelligence already plays a big role in how business is conducted today.
Scientists claim that devices with Artificial Intelligence will replace office workers during next 5 years (Maksimova).According to this statement it is possible to say that AI has a great influence on humanity. Pursuant to Oxford Dictionary Artificial Intelligence or AI is the theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages(dictionary).Firstly, this research will analyze positive and negative impacts of development of Artificial Intelligence on economic sphere. Then, author going to discuss social effects of Artificial Intelligence. After the considering all perspectives that link to this topic, the last step will be to draw a conclusion.
In considering the definitions and implications of Artificial Intelligence, many philosophers have reached extremely different conclusions. Alan Turing, author of the Turing Test, believed that an intelligent machine would be able to imitate perfectly a human. Margaret Boden, Professor of Philosophy and Psychology at the University of Sussex, contends that a machine is intelligent if it possesses and displays certain human values. Moving away from the pure...
It is a type of artificial intelligence program that imitated the analytical skills and understanding of human experts. By 1985, the artificial intelligence market had come up to one billion dollars; moreover, around the same time, Japan’s fifth generation computer project motivated the British and American government to bring back funding for artificial intelligence. Unfortunately, the artificial intelligence market fell back into disrepute which started with the fall of the Lisp Machine market. Additionally, this was a much longer “AI winter”. Soon, in the late 1900s and in the beginning of the 21st century, artificial intelligence was starting to be utilized for data mining, medical diagnosis, and in other areas as well as logistics. All this success was because of the increasing computational power, new relationships between other fields and artificial intelligence, higher significance on answering specific issues, and a commitment by researchers to scientific standards as well as mathematical methods. For example, on May 11th, 1997, Deep Blue (an IBM computer) was the first computer that played chess and it beat the ruling world chess champion at that time, Garry Kasparov. This was the beginning of an amazing discovery, artificial intelligence. Faster computers, able to obtain huge amounts of information, and statistical and advanced methods allowed progress in perception and machine learning. By the midyear of 2010, machine learning programs were utilized in the entire world. For example, Watson (IBM’s question answering system) beat Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter, the two greatest champions of Jeopardy, in a Jeopardy exhibition match by huge amounts. Another example is of the Kinect. It gives a 3D body-motion interface for the Xbox One and the Xbox 360 using algorithms that surfaced from long artificial research. Soon, 2015 came. According to
It should be noted that A.I. does not refer to robots, for the robots are simply a manifestation of A.I. Artificial Intelligence actually refers to the minds of these robots. A.I. is the thinking capacity of machines, and not the machine itself, for the A.I. is infused into the machine.
Artificial intelligence is defined as developing computer programs to solve complex problems by applications of processes that are analogous to human reasoning processes. Roughly speaking, a computer is intelligent
Artificial Intelligence “is the ability of a human-made machine to emulate or simulate human methods for the deductive and inductive acquisition and application of knowledge and reason” (Bock, 182). The early years of artificial intelligence were seen through robots as they exemplified the advances and potential, while today AI has been integrated society through technology. The beginning of the thought of artificial intelligence happened concurrently with the rise of computers and the dotcom boom. For many, the utilization of computers in the world was the most advanced role they could ever see machines taking. However, life has drastically changed from the 1950s. This essay will explore the history of artificial intelligence, discuss the
Humans can expand their knowledge to adapt the changing environment. To do that they must “learn”. Learning can be simply defined as the acquisition of knowledge or skills through study, experience, or being taught. Although learning is an easy task for most of the people, to acquire new knowledge or skills from data is too hard and complicated for machines. Moreover, the intelligence level of a machine is directly relevant to its learning capability. The study of machine learning tries to deal with this complicated task. In other words, machine learning is the branch of artificial intelligence that tries to find an answer to this question: how to make computer learn?
Artificial intelligence is an idea of if the human thought process can be mechanized. It was around the 1940’s – 50’s that a group of people came together to discuss the possibility of creating an artificial brain and its uses. These people were a variety of scientists from different fields such as mathematics, economics, engineering, and etc. This was the birth of the field of artificial intelligence. While artificial intelligence would prove to be technologically revolutionary by introducing new ideas such as quantum computers or robots, said new ideas could result in the downfall of mankind. The result could range to being the plummet of the economy, the end of the human race, or even the corruption of the next generation and onwards. All of these problems resulting in the possibility of the end of the earth. The more we need to learn more about technology and further advance it, the closer we are getting to the extinction of the human race. These are the reasons why the advancement of artificial intelligent should be halted or banned so no harm can be done even without the intentions.