Soekarno’s concept of Marhaenism Soekarno, the first president of Indonesia and has a respected position as the father of nation, promoted his concept of socialism called as Marhaenism. In his concept, Soekarno counter an argument that the proletarian only limited for blue-collar worker. On the contrary, Soekarno defined proletar as the whole people in the nation called Indonesia. (Supriadi, 2007). His argument is based on historical narrative of Indonesia. In Soekarno’s mindset, Indonesia is poor due to colonization of the Netherland kingdom. Under the Netherland colonization, the indigenous people of Indonesia were suffered from discrimination and apartheid. Shortly, there was no equal access to education or equal access for job opportunities. …show more content…
It is not because act of God but multiculturalism in Indonesia is a power competition rather than miscommunication. Communist party of Indonesia (PKI), the military (TNI) and Islamic parties were the main actor in the game of thrones which put Indonesia’s development at the stake. Soekarno himself, at the center of problem, was not above this partial conflict. On the contrary, Soekarno was in the middle of the conflict and powerless to stop this conflict even though he was, de jure, the supreme leader. Slowly, Soekarno tried to claim his supremacy again and started act as a dictator. His policies were including Lighthouse Politics (politik mercusuar) which realized by erecting monumental buildings for showing Indonesia’s virtual prosperity and simultaneously covering Indonesia’s severe …show more content…
The defectors who against Kim’s family are sent into concentration camp called as kwan-li so. North Korea has never acknowledged that these kwan-li-so camps exist, but United States and South Korean officials now estimate that between 80,000 and 120,000 people are trapped there, including in camp No. 14 in Kaechun, No. 15 in Yodok, No. 16 in Hwasung, and No. 25 in Chungjin. Their fate is never really uncovered. North Korea’s regime also applies Chonghwa system. In Chonghwa system, regularly North-Korean’s regime will encounter people in neighborhood to criticize other people in order to gain information about the one who tries to defect or criticize the regime. Through this system, public opinion is totally restrained. As a complementary of Chonghwa system, the regime introduced the secret police who has carte blanche in protecting the regime. Executions without judicial process are exercised by this secret police regularly (World Report 2014: North Korea) (Gause,
Blaine Harden, former national correspondent and writer for the New York Times, delivers an agonizing and heartbreaking story of one man’s extremely conflicted life in a labor camp and an endeavor of escaping this place he grew up in. This man’s name is Shin Dong-hyuk. Together, Blaine Harden and Shin Dong-hyuk tell us the story of this man’s imprisonment and escape into South Korea and eventually, the United States, from North Korea. This biography that takes place from 1982-2011, reports to its readers on what is really going on in “one of the world’s darkest nations” (back cover of the book), that is run under a communist state and totalitarian dictatorship that was lead by Kim Il-sung, Kim Jong-il, and currently lead by Kim-Jong un. In Escape from Camp 14, Shin shows us the adaptation of his life and how one man can truly evolve from an animal, into a real human being.
In the film “Camp 14: Total Control Zone”, directed by German filmmaker Marc Wiese, consists of narration and animation by North Korean native Shin Dong-hyuk, who was born and grew up in the Kaechon internment camp (known as "Camp 14") in North Korea. Dong-hyuk is clearly traumatized from his time in the camp, as he was born in a place where individual rights were unheard of. The rules of this torture camp consisted of bogus policies such as restricting any and all forms of contact between men and women outside of work and forced reaction that demonstrate “the deepest remorse” for honest mistakes made by inmates (0:19). The most restrictive policy stated that anyone who attempts to escape or helps anyone escape will be shot, thus many family members and “friends” ratted each other out, often with no true reason, out of fear of being reprimanded for knowing about attempted escape plans. Not only were inmates living in a constant state of fear, but the levels of sexual abuse and misconduct in camps is unimaginable, as a women and even children were often violated in front of the eyes of their fathers and brothers, yet any resistance would result in the death of the assaulted and any witnesses (0:25). Methods of torture include acts
Therefore let no man talk to me of other expedients: of taxing our absentees at 5s. a pound: of using neither clothes, nor household furniture, except what is of our own growth and manufacture: of utterly rejecting the materials and instruments that promote foreign luxury: of curing the expensiveness of pride, vanity, idleness, and gaming in our women: of introducing a vein of parsimony, prudence and temperance: of learning to love our country, wherein we differ even from Laplanders, and the inhabitants of Topinamboo: of quitting our animosities and factions, nor acting any longer like the Jews, who were murdering one another at the very moment their city was taken: of being a little cautious not to sell our country and consciences for nothing: of teaching landlords to have at least one degree of mercy towards their tenants. Lastly, of putting a spirit of honesty, industry, and skill into our shop-keepers, who, if a resolution could now be taken to buy only our native goods, would immediately unite to cheat and exact upon us in the price, the measure, and the goodness, nor could ever yet be brought to make one fair proposal of just dealing, though often and earnestly invited to it.
In human history, the most famous prison camp is the Auschwitz concentration camp where millions of human beings spent the last of their days. The most notorious group from Auschwitz being the Jews who lost the greatest number of its people and also the most remembered from the concentration camp. A prison camp is defined as “a camp for the confinement of war or political prisoners” (“Prison camps,” Dictionary.com). Prison camps found in the Democratic People’s Republic of North Korea (DPNK) have been found to treat its prisoners little more than beasts. The atrocities done in North Korea are unknown but the severity of the camps have left great scars on the people of North Korea. If left unknown, the prison camps in North Korea can mirror Auschwitz’s mass genocide on millions of people.
North Korea has absolute control over everything it's people see on a daily basis. If it’s the people somehow step out of line they punish them much like an abuser would by causing them physical, financial or even emotional damage. It is very similar to abuse victims in the sense that they don't know that they are being abused. Shin doesn't realize that there's more to life until he meets Park, at his prison camp job, and eventually escapes with him. One of the only ways that an abuse victim can get out of the situation safely is by telling people around them including the police, family members, friends and coworkers that they are being abused before they leave their abuser. This is also how Shin escaped the clutches of North Korea he told people in China that he was from North Korea and a refugee it eventually that led to him getting diplomatic immunity in China that would help him get to South Korea. This matters because his main motivation for writing this book was so that people would understand and try to stop North Korea and what it was doing to its own people and help get other people out of the situation that they were
Indonesia and Canada are two countries that are highly different in Power distance. Firstly, power distance deals with how do less powerful members will tolerate and accept the big gaps that is distributed unequally between different social groups in a culture. Indonesia is one of the countries that is high on this dimension as it scores 78 unlike Canada which has a relatively low score of 39. This shows that Indonesia mainly depends on hierarchy power as there are unequal rights between power holders and non power holders. Moreover, power is centralized as managers are required to communicate in an indirect way and obey their team members without sharing any negative feedback. Employees are expected to be always guided and told what to do
Indonesia faced many positive and negative effects from Dutch Imperialism. Jakarta is the capital of Indonesia, and Susilo Bambang Yudhoyyono is the current president. Approximately 253,609,643 people reside in Indonesia today, ranking fifth most populous nation in the world. Indonesia is a Republic government, and its land mass is an archipelago composed of 13,466 islands. Indonesia faced both positive and negative impacts after being imperialized. Imperialism is “the policy of extending a nation's authority by territorial acquisition or by the establishment of economic and political hegemony over other nations” . Indonesia as a whole underwent many changes after imperialism. Many countries fought battles to try to gain control of Indonesian spice production. However, the Dutch had the most influence and control over Indonesia of any country . Although Indonesia battled The Dutch in the early 1600s, it was not until the 1800s that Indonesia was taken over by the Dutch, and finally won independence in 1945. Indonesia was a colony during imperialization. The term “Indonesia” did not appear until the early 20th century. The Dutch imperialization of Indonesia had both negative and positive effects because of the wars, the Cultivation System, and advances in the country.
Throughout history, tragic events or situation accrue that change the point of view of a country, its culture, and its people. In North Korea’s condition, it is a country regarded in a negative manner by most of the world. Most people view its government as inhuman and reluctant or resistant to change. North Korea is a failing regime and a country with many problems. It has limited natural resources and many of its people live in poverty and are confined from the outside world. In this essay we will briefly review North Korea’s culture, society, geography, climate, past military conflicts, economy, military, and government.
Have you ever wondered what it would be like to have your freedoms taken away? To not be able to say what you think, or do what you want. Well, believe it or not in the country of North Korea there are people that experience those kinds of limits every day along with the cruelty of being starved, beaten, and worked to death. These harsh conditions are found within prison camps that were set up by previous leaders Kim Ill Sung, and Kim Jong Ill after the Korean War. These camps were originally created to capture political traitors along with scare North Korean people into being fully committed to the regime. Today, the current leader Kim Jong-Un has still continued the prison camps and has taken it to the extreme of capturing any North Korean
Essay- Given that many commentators view Australia and Indonesia as natural regional allies, why has it proven so difficult for the two countries to forge a stable and productive relationship?
“ a gargantuan bronze statue, a mausoleum, and a city square all dedicated to Kim Il-Sung can be found just in the vicinity of the center of the capital city, Pyongyang. According to Bok Ku-Lee, a defector who used to reside in Pyongyang, all people, from the lowliest of street vendors to the most prominent of state officials, are required to bow before Kim Il-Sung’s statue each time they pass by it.” (North Korea’s Oppression of Freedom of Speech 1) If not, they will be sent to a camp like the Nazi’s put the Jews in or get publicly executed. They are being manipulated and brainwashed, all of the propaganda in the country is saying that North Korea is the best place to be. Some people still try to travel or leave the country but the access is denied. Very few people have access to news and they are all tuned to North Korean channels. The people that live in North Korea have no idea what the rest of the world is like. They don’t know that in most places you can speak your mind. That is why the North Korean people are treated
Throughout the global media North Korea’s isolation and Harsh rule has become increasingly secretive, although some facts have been detected (“North Korea Profile”, 1). According to data collected from The Guardian, eighty-one out of one-hundred people in South Korea have access to the internet, yet in North Korea around .1 out of one-hundred people have access to the internet . Not only is the greater population of North Korea disconnected from outside sources, yet leaders in North Korea are also isolated from outside sources; putting themselves at a disadvantage. North Korea may launch a war, but they are unaware as to what they are up against because of its secrecy . Around one million are serving in the North Korean Army, but when South Korea’s army; combined with the U.S’s army (their ally), the ratio of the North Korean Army is signi...
In this essay, I will be talking about how the changes in demographic characteristics of Indonesia over the past 10 years can affect its economy in terms of unemployment, GDP (Gross Domestic Product), and poverty. Unemployment is an economic condition marked by the fact that individuals seeking jobs but remained unhired. A country's GDP is the total market value of all final goods and services produced in a country. Poverty is when the income of people is below the GNP (Gross National Product) per capita of a country with scarcity of means and subsistence.
Tradition represents an integral component of one's cultural identity, and this is especially so in this rapidly changing world which we live in, where the boundaries between different cultures are increasingly being blurred and distorted by the process of globalisation. While traditions do define the beliefs, practices and collective experiences of a people, the continued existence of certain socio-cultural institutions in which discriminatory and repressive measures still persist cannot be condoned. It is this very dimension that Pramoedya addresses in his short story, "Inem": The narrator's reminiscences of his childhood perform a serious social commentary and incisive social critique of various repressive traditional institutions in Indonesian society, such as the practice of child-brides (i.e. the forced socialisation of children), as well as the intransigent nature of prevailing patriarchal attitudes towards women and subsequent treatment they receive in the author's socio-cultural milieu. The story achieves, albeit subtly, a powerful condemnation of these facets, which is presented artfully through a duality in the narration - a child's naïve perspective and circumscribed knowledge to describe the course of events as they happened, alongside the mature, retrospective voice, which also provides a highly mimetic depiction of life in this society.
Sirozi, M. (2004) 'Secular religious debates on the Indonesian National Education System: colondial legacy and a search for national identity in education'. Intercultural Education. Vol. 15:2.