An Ethical and Global Analysis of Software Offshore Outsourcing
Introduction
Before acquiring its current negative connotation, outsourcing referred to the practice of turning over parts of a business to a company that specialized in that activity. For instance, Cisco Systems, Brocade Communications, and other leading original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) outsource their manufacturing to Solectron Corporation, where I was a summer intern. By partnering with Solectron, OEMs can gain access to the latest equipment, process knowledge, and manufacturing expertise without making substantial capital investments. In essence, outsourcing to Solectron enables OEMs to focus on their core competencies of research and development and sales and marketing. OEMs have found that the benefits they have gained from outsourcing their manufacturing to Solectron could also be acquired from offshore outsourcing their computer programming to lower-wage countries such as India, Russia, China, and Eastern Europe. The difference lies herein at the heart of the offshore outsourcing debate; when OEMs outsource their manufacturing work to Solectron, the jobs still stay in America, but not so when they offshore outsource software programming to India. A similar debate raged in the 1980s and ‘90s, as employers pulled manufacturing jobs out of the United States and moved them to Mexico, China, the Dominican Republic and other countries where workers were cheap and regulations were loose. However, the economic boom of the late ‘90s eased the pain of those job losses. These days, the movement of low-skill jobs is so commonplace it barely sparks an argument. The latest migration of jobs overseas is more stark because it takes the most desirable positions ...
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...urce to a lower-wage country, it will be Indian politicians’ and workers’ turn to carp about foreigners taking their jobs.
Endnotes
1Stephen Baker and Manjeet Kripalani, “Programming Jobs Are Heading Overseas by the Thousands,” BusinessWeek Mar. 2004.
2Baker.
3http://members.rediff.com/anilkumar/anil.htm
4Thottam, 34.
5Baker.
6Jyoti Thottam, “Is Your Job Going Abroad?” Time Mar. 2004: 36.
7Baker.
8Thottam, 28.
9Laurianne McLaughlin, “An Eye on India: Outsourcing Debate Continues,” IEEE 20 (2003): 115.
10Thottam, 36.
11Ernest Ferguson and Clifton Kussmaul and Daniel McCracken and Mary Ann Robbert, “Offshore Outsourcing: Current Conditions & Diagnosis,” Communications of the ACM (2004): 331.
12McLaughlin, 116.
13Ferguson, 330.
14McLaughlin, 116.
15McLaughlin, 115.
16Ferguson, 330.
17Thottam, 29.
18Thottam, 36.
Lewis, C. W., & Gilman, S. C. (2005). THE ETHICS CHALLENGE IN PUBLIC SERVICE A Problem-Solving Guide (2nd ed.).
...enying people work), delay trials and lawsuits. it shows how they control the government, the people corrupt the communities and control the press. it shows that railroad presidents have control over the fuel and food supplies to the nation and the freight prices. Businesses expanding allowed women to work. Document J is a picture that shows women in the same dresses typing. it shows how the technology has advanced and their people’s responses to it.
Globalisation is a growing phenomenon that is the result of various developments in the global environment, each of which merits an individual analysis of its social impacts. For the purpose of this analysis, the focus will be placed upon arguably its most controversial aspect, offshore outsourcing. Offshore outsourcing, or offshoring, is becoming an increasingly common business practice as a result of a combination of the recent technological advancements in the areas of transportation and communication, and the increased competitiveness of the business world. From the perspective of firms, tapping into cheap labor from less developed countries is a very logical business decision to reduce costs and maximize profits. This has not only motivated businesses to engage in offshoring, it has sometimes been critical to their survival in fiercely competitive environments. Before making judgments regarding the righteousness of offshoring from different perspectives, its impact on stakeholders must first be evaluated.
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The airline industry has long attempted to segment the air travel market in order to effectively target its constituents. The classic airline model consists of First Class, Business Class and Economy, and the demographics that make up the classes have both similarities and differences to the other classes. For instance there may be similarities between business class travellers on a particular flight, but they will not all be travelling for the same reason. An almost-universal characteristic of air travel is that customers do not fly for the sake of flying; the destination is the important element and the travel is a by-product, a means-to-an-end that involves the necessity of an aircraft that gets the customer from point A to point B. Because the reasons can differ greatly in the motivations for a customer wanting to fly, it can be difficult to divide the market into discrete segments, that is, there is always going to be overlap in the preferences and characteristics of any given segment. With that in mind, the commonalities that are shared between the clientele that make up the respective classes can easily withstand analysis.
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As the problem of job outsourcing becomes more of an issue in politics, elected officials like the President and Congress will no longer be able to ignore the dilemma. The war in Iraq has been at the forefront of the presidential race but the importance of outsourcing American jobs seems to have been slightly overshadowed. If the issue of outsourcing is not watched carefully and a definitive plan hammered out, a trickling down of negative effects may occur within the U.S. economy. However, there is a polarized opinion on the effects of this “phenomenon”.
Many issues, both genetic and environmental, affect how we age. A 2014 Census Bureau report, “65+ in the United States: 2010,” present some statistics regarding people over 65 years old in the United States. Laura Skarnulis publishes her study titled “7 Health Challenges Of Aging” where she explains seven of the most common heath issues senior citizens face. Obesity, arthritis, osteoporosis and cancer are among the most common challenges senior citizens have to face. Skarnulis mentions that we should take care of ourselves while we are young. Some of these health issues can be prevented if the respective precautions are taken on
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Ageing is not inevitably associated with failing health, but many elderly people are living with one or more long-term medical conditions and for a significant number, advancing age brings complications
Ryanair an Irish airline founded in 1985 has seen huge growth with workforce of just 25 to now over 9000 skilled professionals, branding themselves as Europe’s only ultra-low cost airline they are always looking for new ways too save on costs and increase on profits. This essay will draw upon, at what point they become ‘un-ethical’ i.e. the extra charges they add to the total bill e.g. a £160 charge for a name change in high season (Ryanair.com 2014,a), They have even been accused of carrying less emergency fuel to improve both fuel efficiency and competiveness (The Economist, 2013). Then justify what is morally right and wrong from the views of different ethical theories and stakeholders, in particular egoism and utilitarianism because these two theories will exhibit totally different views. Which will show different perspectives of a single action can be both ethical and un-ethical at the same time depending how you look at it.
Outsourcing has been around for many years. In this paper I will discuss some of the history of outsourcing, the goods things about outsourcing, and the bad things about outsourcing.
[4] Gupta, Sachin. For a global software company, outsourcing began at inception . World Paper. April 19. 2004 http://www.worldpaper.com/2004/april/april4.html
...an HDI of 0.36. These discrepancies in levels of development have led to an exodus of people, from less developed areas to the areas that have been benefitted by development. This situation seems to depict that predicted by the Dependency theory in which the developed countries progressed due to the exploitation of peripheral nations; the same seems to be happening in India. The states that are wealthier are exploiting the poorer states. It would be difficult to imagine India having the economic status that it now has, if it was not for the terrible working conditions and wages at which the Indians are willing to work and the massive work force available in the country. Now that India has seen economic growth the government should start taking care of its citizens by implementing policies that protect the labor rights of the workforce.
What does it mean to offshore outsource? Let’s first start by explaining what outsourcing means. The basic meaning of outsourcing is to obtain goods or services from an outside place. This gives businesses and companies the ability to save money. When the businesses and companies save money that ultimately means the consumers will also save money. The word offshore means some distance from the shore. According to Blinder “Offshoring, by contrast, means moving jobs out of the country, whether or not they leave the company” (20). To better understand the meaning of offshore outsourcing, we can say that it is the process where the companies provide jobs to foreign countries. Big