There are trillions of stars in the universe of many types. From red giants to white dwarfs, they range in size, temperature, and density. One particular type is a neutron star. They have many interesting properties, from extreme density, magnetism, and gravity, to scorching heat that makes our own sun seem like a warm, tropical beach. The environment on a neutron star is incomprehensibly brutal.
Neutron stars are the leftovers of stars with a mass of four to eight times that of our own sun. A neutron star can be formed when the star goes supernova. A star goes super nova when the star runs out of hydrogen to fuse into helium. When all of the hydrogen is used up, the star starts to fuse helium, and it keeps fusing heavier and heavier elements, until it reaches iron. Once the star tries to fuse iron, the star has effectively died, because fusing iron requires more energy to start the reaction than it will release. As the star fuses iron, it is absorbing energy, and gravity starts to compress the star because the star is no longer able to fight gravity because the fusion in the star has stopped. As soon as the star has been compressed enough, it will restart fusion, releasing incredible amounts of energy, causing a supernova. When a star goes supernova, it blows the outer layers of material off into space leaving only the core. If the star was large enough, only the core will remain. Because the core is unable to produce energy through nuclear fusion, gravity starts to press the core in on itself. As the star gets denser and denser, this process speeds up. Once there is no more room, this process stops
One of the many extremes on a neutron star is the density. Neutron stars are incredibly small, only twelve and a half miles in diame...
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...explains why you speed up while you are on a spun up swing and you pull your arms in. When you release the wound up swing, and you let your arms and legs flail all over the place, you don’t go very fast. However, when you bring your arms and legs in, closer to your torso, the law of conservation of angular momentum causes you to rotate faster.
Although there are trillions of stars in the universe, neutron stars are some of the most interesting. From extreme mass, to small size, they are home to some of the most extreme environments you can find. They can create new celestial bodies as easily as they can destroy them. They have many forms, lone objects, binary systems, pulsars, and magnetars, but they all have similar properties. They all have extreme gravity, rotation speed, magnetic fields, and density. All of these make neutron stars unique in a universe of stars.
The three principle forces are the summing of joint forces, continuity of joints, and the linear motion (McCaw, n.d). In the summing of joint is when the thoracic, the shoulder, the elbow, the knee, the ankle, the atlas and skull, and the phalange joints gain the momentum. When joints are in fast action it produces more muscle force and all joint are moving to help produces the muscle force (McCaw, n.d). The second principle is continuity of joint forces. This is when the hip is going into flexion first. Then after the hip the knee goes into flexion, then followed by the ankle. This movement should be smooth and fluid (McCaw, n.d). The last principle for the force producing phase is linear motion. In this phase the start of pirouette should be gaining momentum (Hall, 2011). The direction the pirouette is going in is clockwise because the body is rotating counter clockwise. As a dancer is performing a pirouette an outside force is acting on the body. This force is what causes the body to be able to turn. When the dancer starts the body is at rest and not moving until they initiate the turn with their arms and
Starting with black holes, Khalili describes the creation of one. I found that a black hole is what remains when a massive star dies. Because stars are so massive and made out of gas, there is an intense gravitational field that is always trying to collapse the star. As the star dies, the nuclear fusion reactions stop because the fuel for these reactions gets burned up. At the same time, the star's gravity pulls material inward and compresses the core. As the core compresses, it heats up and eventually creates a supernova explosion in which the material and radiation blasts out into space. What remains is the highly compressed and extremely massive core. The core's gravity is so strong that even light cannot escape. This object is now a black hole and literally cannot be seen because of the absence of light. Because the core's gravity is so strong, the core sinks through the fabric of space-time, creating a hole in space-time. The core becomes the central part of the black hole called the singularity. The opening of the hole is called the event horizon. Khalili describes that there are two different kinds of black holes:
...f gas, which collapsed and broke up into individual stars. The stars are packed together most tightly in the center, or nucleus. Scientists believe it is possible that at the very center there was too much matter to form an ordinary star, or that the stars which did form were so close to each other that they coalesced to form a black hole. It is argued that really massive black holes, equivalent to a hundred million stars like the Sun, could exist at the center of some galaxies
A neutron star, at first glance, may seem like the smallest stellar remnant of them all, but with deeper inspection you will be baffled to know that is it the most massive of all the stellar remnants. This neutron star and it’s many wonders, including contrasts, and levels of understanding is a great image for the cover to represent the paradox and counter intuitive nature of Sharon Olds poems in The Gold Cell; the poem “Summer Solstice” is a great representation of similarity with neutrons stars.
Roping is a sport that most believe simply to be timing and performance of the cowboy and the cattle. However, roping is actually much, much, more. One quality that is necessary for a roper to be successful is momentum. Momentum is the quantity of motion of a moving body, measured of a product of its mass and its velocity (Jones). This concept of momentum can determine what results are obtained by the roper. For example, when a cowboy rides a horse and the horse accelerates, the mass of cowboy and horse together gain momentum. In contrast to that the cattle that leave the shoot and accelerate to escape the rope also gains momentum. The amounts of momentum determine how far each can run in the arena before the rope makes contact with the animal. Another concept that relies on momentum is the rope itself. The cowboy is required to swing the rope with enough momentum to make the loop stand out a sufficient amount so that it is extended and open enough to secure around the animals head or heels.
A Black Hole is defined as an object in space that is so compact, that has a gravitational pull so powerful, not even light can escape its pull. In most cases Black Holes are formed when a massive star (much larger than our own) undergoes a supernova explosion. When this happens, the star may collapse on its own gravitational pull, thus resulting in a an object with infinitely large density and zero volume. As a result, the escape velocity (the speed required to escape the gravitational pull) becomes even greater than the speed of light, and because nothing can travel faster than the speed of light, nothing can escape a black hole.
Stars explode at the end of their lifetime, sometimes when they explode the stars leave a remnant of gasses and, dust behind. What the gasses come together to form depend on the size of the remnant. If the remnant is less than 1.4 solar masses it will become a white dwarf, a hot dead star that is not bright enough to shine. If the remnant is roughly 1.4 solar masses, it will collapse. “The protons and electrons will be squashed together, and their elementary particles will recombine to form neutrons”. What results from this reaction is called a neut...
A white dwarf uses electron degeneracy pressure to support itself. It is because of the electron degeneracy pressure that white dwarfs have a small size relative to other types of stars.
Today I read an article called “Tabby's Star: Alien megastructure not the cause of dimming of the 'most mysterious star in the universe'” written by Penn State on January 3, 2018. This article is based on astronomy, which is very interesting to me making me excited to have found it. The article is about the “most mysterious star in the universe,” Tabby’s Star or KIC 8462852, which is a star that has recently become dimmer and brighter at random. The star is about 1,000 light years away, a little hotter, and a little larger than our Sun. This article discusses that the team of 200 scientists from Penn State and Louisiana State University are now getting closer to discovering why this phenomenon is occurring. Jason Write, who oversees the research
If the star is big enough and the pressure inside quickly disappears, gravity would and should slingshot the star into a tiny point with near infinite density with an extremely strong gravitatio... ... middle of paper ... ...is its anti particle. When these particles appear, they will shortly annihilate each other because they are exact opposites (UCR). However, if one of these particle pairs appears at the event horizon of a black hole, the gravity from the black hole will tear the pair of particles apart. The normal particle will have just enough energy to escape the black hole.
A star begins as nothing more than a very light distribution of interstellar gases and dust particles over a distance of a few dozen lightyears. Although there is extremely low pressure existing between stars, this distribution of gas exists instead of a true vacuum. If the density of gas becomes larger than .1 particles per cubic centimeter, the interstellar gas grows unstable. Any small deviation in density, and because it is impossible to have a perfectly even distribution in these clouds this is something that will naturally occur, and the area begins to contract. This happens because between about .1 and 1 particles per cubic centimeter, pressure gains an inverse relationship with density. This causes internal pressure to decrease with increasing density, which because of the higher external pressure, causes the density to continue to increase. This causes the gas in the interstellar medium to spontaneously collect into denser clouds. The denser clouds will contain molecular hydrogen (H2) and interstellar dust particles including carbon compounds, silicates, and small impure ice crystals. Also, within these clouds, there are 2 types of zones. There are H I zones, which contain neutral hydrogen and often have a temperature around 100 Kelvin (K), and there are H II zones, which contain ionized hydrogen and have a temperature around 10,000 K. The ionized hydrogen absorbs ultraviolet light from it’s environment and retransmits it as visible and infrared light. These clouds, visible to the human eye, have been named nebulae. The density in these nebulae is usually about 10 atoms per cubic centimeter. In brighter nebulae, there exists densities of up to several thousand atoms per cubic centimete...
Stars are born in the interstellar clouds of gas and dust called nebulae that are primarily found in the spiral arms of galaxies. These clouds are composed mainly of hydrogen gas but also contain carbon, oxygen and various other elements, but we will see that the carbon and oxygen play a crucial role in star formation so they get special mention. A nebula by itself is not enough to form a star however, and it requires the assistance of some outside force. A close passing star or a shock wave from a supernova or some other event can have just the needed effect. It is the same idea as having a number of marbles on a trampoline and then rolling a larger ball through the middle of them or around the edges. The marbles will conglomerate around the path of the ball, and as more marbles clump together, still more will be attracted. This is essentially what happens during the formation of a star (Stellar Birth, 2004).
After a supernova, the core is likely to travel someplace else within space. When the core is less size than about 5 solar masses, the neutrons will halt the collapse of the star. This will create a Neutron Star. Neutron stars are observed as pulsars or X-ray binaries. When the core is very large, nothing that h...
Black holes are the result of the death of a massive star, leaving behind a dense remnant core that eventually collapses to create a gravitational force so strong that nothing, including light, can escape the force. The theory that black holes existed started back in the early 1900s and since then astronomers and scientists have been trying to get a better understanding of them. This phenomenon has been a working progress for astronomers and scientists for many years and as we develop a better understanding of our solar system, the more likely it is to make a significant discovery that can answer some of the most difficult questions about our incredible galaxy and solar system. The more information we are able to acquire about our universe, the more questions we might be able to answer about our existence. With advancements in technology we may be able to see some significant discoveries and insights into the world of black holes.