An Analysis of the Properties of Aluminum
Physically, chemically and mechanically aluminium is a metal like
steel, brass, copper, zinc, lead or titanium. It can be melted, cast,
formed and machined much like these metals and it conducts electric
current. In fact often the same equipment and fabrication methods are
used as for steel.
Light Weight
Aluminium is a very light metal with a specific weight of 2.7 g/cm3,
about a third that of steel. For example, the use of aluminium in
vehicles reduces dead-weight and energy consumption while increasing
load capacity. Its strength can be adapted to the application required
by modifying the composition of its alloys.
Corrosion Resistance
Aluminium naturally generates a protective oxide coating and is highly
corrosion resistant. Different types of surface treatment such as
anodising, painting or lacquering can further improve this property.
It is particularly useful for applications where protection and
conservation are required.
Electrical and Thermal Conductivity
Aluminium is an excellent heat and electricity conductor and in
relation to its weight is almost twice as good a conductor as copper.
This has made aluminium the most commonly used material in major power
transmission lines.
Reflectivity
Aluminium is a good reflector of visible light as well as heat, and
that together with its low weight, makes it an ideal material for
reflectors in, for example, light fittings or rescue blankets.
Ductility
Aluminium is ductile and has a low melting point and density. In a
molten condition it can be processed in a number of ways. Its
ductility allows produc...
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...°C)
660
Specific heat at 100 °C, cal.g-1K-1 (Jkg-1K-1)
0.2241 (938)
Latent heat of fusion, cal.g-1 (kJ.kg-1)
94.7 (397.0)
Electrical conductivity at 20°C
(% of international annealed copper standard)
64.94
Thermal conductivity (cal.sec-1cm-1K-1)
0.5
Thermal emmisivity at 100°F (%)
3.0
Reflectivity for light, tungsten filament (%)
90.0
These properties can be very significantly altered with the addition
of small amounts of alloying materials. Aluminium reacts with oxygen
to form a microscopic (0.000000635cm) protective film of oxide, which
prevents corrosion.
Aluminium in massive form is non-flammable. Finely divided particles
will burn. Carbon monoxide or dioxide, aluminum oxide and water will
be emitted. This is a useful property for making rocket fuel.
Aluminum is the third most abundant element and most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust. Aluminum is never found in the free element state in nature. It
People all over the globe get to the United States in hopes of becoming rich with minimal effort yet, many Americans are suffering, earning minimum wage which has developed quickly in America. In Nickel and Dimed by Barbara Ehrenreich (2001), it illustrates how it’s like for an unskilled women to be forced into the labor market by the welfare reform. Many women’s work endless hours and still are not able to make ends meet to fulfill necessary needs to sustain their household. In order to receive a better understanding Barbara went undercover, abandoning her lifestyles as a journalist and her existing situation to work various minimum wage jobs just to ascertain out if it’s indeed possible to survive on low paying occupations. In Nickel and Dimed, Barbara uses vivid description and sarcasm to present the dark existence of low wage worker.
Aluminum is a lightweight, silvery metal. The atomic weight of aluminum is 26.9815; the element melts at 660° C (1220° F), boils at 2467° C (4473° F), and has a specific gravity of 2.7. Aluminum is a strongly electropositive metal and extremely reactive. In contact with air, aluminum rapidly becomes covered with a tough, transparent layer of aluminum oxide that resists further corrosive action. For this reason, materials made of aluminum do not tarnish or rust. The metal reduces many other metallic compounds to their base metals. For example, when thermite (a mixture of powdered iron oxide and aluminum) is heated, the aluminum rapidly removes the oxygen from the iron; the heat of the reaction is sufficient to melt the iron. This phenomenon is used in the thermite process for welding iron .
This article is about an experiment done to try to see if Aluminum can cause resistance in potatoes to a disease. Aluminum is commonly found in arid soils which accounts for 35% of all farmable on earth. The aluminum (specifically Al3+) targets the roots of the plants and causes stunted plant growth and abnormal root formation. THis causes stresses in the plant which could lead to cross resistance. This immunity has led to some plants to develop cross resistance to diseases. THis has happened before in the plant, an example is the fact that ozone induces resistance to the tobacco mosaic virus in tobacco plants. This phenomenon is what is being tested for in potato plants. Potato plants will be subjected to infections from Phytophthora
US Army Correspondence. (2000). METAL PROPERTIES, CHARACTERISTICS,. US ARMY REPAIR SHOP TECHNICIAN WARRANT. Retrieved from www.hnsa.org/doc/pdf/metal-properties
These include, high strength, low weight, high chemical resistance and high cut resistance. This material does not corrode or rust and is also unaffected when placed in or under water.
What is better a wood or aluminum bat? In this project I will take the scientific approach to answer this question. I will compare the average hitting distance of a wood and aluminum bat, how the bat feels, and how far the ball goes then compare the two bats together.
Iron comes from the Latin word ferrum. From ferrum its symbol became Fe. The atomic number of iron is 26, and its atomic weight is 55.845. Iron is a magnetic, bendable, shiny white metallic element.
The name comes from the Latin word alumen, for the mineral alum. The electron configuration is [Ne] 3s2 3p1. The element looks solid at room temperature and is a classification of other metals. Its crystal structure is cubic. Aluminum is not an element found in nature, it is found in the earth’s crust which is 8.2 percent of it. Aluminum is obtained from rocks called bauxite. It is the most available element. In the beginning, scientist suspected it was in the earth’s crust. There were many chemists who produced aluminum. The very first was Hans Christian Oersted in 1825. Its color is silvery-white with a bluish tint. The element is soft but it becomes strong and hard when combined with other elements. The atomic number of it is 13, which means that the atom has 13 protons therefore 13 electrons. It has 14 neutrons. The atomic weight is 26.98154. The melting point is 660.37 degrees Celsius. The boiling point is 2467 degrees Celsius. As for the atomic structure, the element has three energy levels. The first has 2, the second has 8 and the third has 3.
periodic table is arguably one of the most important developments in the history of all science. Development of the table spanned over more than 2000 years beginning with the proposal by Aristotle around the year 330 BC that there is limited number of elements (though at the time he referred to them as roots) that make up everything in the universe, though he believed these elements to be simply "water, fire, earth, and air" and made no further contributions to the development and understanding of the table and its properties.
Sodium was first discovered and isolated by Sir Humphry Davy in 1807. Sodium is located in column 1 of the periodic table where all other alkali earth metals, which all of them have only 1 electron which it would happily give to another element that wants it so that it could be “happy” this then creates a positively charge atom also known as a cation. You could also find sodium by knowing its electron configuration which is [Ne] 3s1. Sodium physical properties are that it is silver in color and is a soft metal, so soft that in its pure form it could be cut with a knife. Sodium is a solid at room temperature, but it reaches its boiling point at around 208̊ Fahrenheit. To get sodium to boil you would have to get it to a temperature of around
The unique set of elements known as the alkaline earth metals are key components to humanity and life as we know it. Without them, many things that we both love and need would be gone. These remarkably diverse yet very similar elements that make up the alkaline earth metals family are: Beryllium (Be), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr), Barium (Ba), and Radium (Ra). Although this family is often overshadowed by the infamous alkali metals, you will soon learn how spectacular and brilliant these metals really are and their value to human life.
Physically and chemically Aluminium is a metal much like others such as; steel, copper and titanium. I can occur as a solid, a liquid or a gas and the state at which aluminium occurs depends on its condition, temperature and pressure. Aluminium is a very light weight metal at 2.7 grams per 〖cm〗^3, which is approximately one third the weight of steel. (HIGGINS, 1972) It naturally forms a protective oxide coating which protects it from corrosion; this oxide coating is thin but very dense and can be made harder through a natural or imitated treatment called Anodising. Aluminium can be further protected with treatments such as coating through lacquering and painting. It is an excellent heat and electricity conductor. It has a low melting point and is very ductile. And finally aluminium is completely recyclable without a reduction in quality.
Aluminum is an element in the boron group with a symbol of Al, and an atomic number of 13. Aluminum is a very soft metal when pure but becomes strong and hard when alloyed, a malleable metal with a silvery gray color. Aluminum is a very reactive element so it is found in nature combined with other elements. Aluminum resists corrosion by the formation of a self-protecting oxide coating. Aluminum is the third most abundant element in the Earth’s crust, following oxygen and silicon. It makes up approximately 8% by weight of the Earth’s surface. Although this is evident, it is also apparent that aluminum is never found by itself in nature. All of the earth’s aluminum has combined with other elements to form compounds and in order to create new aluminum products; it has to be taken out of that specific compound. Aluminum does not rust like other elements, therefore it always remains strong and shiny, which means reused aluminum is almost identical to a brand new piece of metal. An electrochemical process creates aluminum. An electrochemical process is “the direct process end use in which electricity is used to cause a chemical transformation” ( E.I.A. Government). Major uses of electrochemical processes occur in the aluminum industry in which alumina is reduced to molten aluminum metal and oxygen, where than the aluminum can be used into making several different materials. Electrochemical processes, although very useful, can have serious environmental consequences. To help reduce the consequences that the production of aluminum creates, the idea of aluminum recycling comes into play.
Steel: (for all intents and purposes) was invented in 1855 by Henry Bessemer(Mary Bellis). Science the amazing innovation that has changed the world incredible things have been made from the material from bridged cables and cross beams to arresting wires on aircraft carriers that stop monumental force and speed. It is truly an amazing martial, but eventually it snaps, breaks or tears due to the separation of the molecules. Also steel is not the most flexible material there is which may sound good for what it is used for, construction. You wouldn’t want the floor to shift from under but, what about in areas that have a consent threat of earthquakes having a material that is rigid when needed and flexible when needed would be an invaluable asset to construction companies in many countries. Also at $600-$900 per ton(Platts Mcgraw hill financial) it isn’t the most inexpensive material that could be chosen. Chemically is there a better material that could be used in the place of steel that is stronger more flexible and can be produced for a cheaper price than the normal steel that we use today? First, the choice of spider silk seems like a great choice. Mother nature seems to be the greatest designer of all made of different sections of proteins of extremely ridged and at the same time extremely elastic strings of proteins, that when braided together are 5 times stronger than steel and relatively free to produce as long as the spiders are kept healthy. What makes the proteins so strong? They are linked together almost like thousands of Lego’s linked together which by its self does not sound very strong, but just take 3 and pull length wise and try to pull them apart, it's almost impossible. The same concept is used in the spider's silk...