For many centuries, the developing world has created numerous opportunities and possibilities for individuals that often become the basis for one’s personal ambitions. These desires in turn influence the decisions and performances that one makes throughout their life in their pursuit of such aspirations. Over the last few decades, many works of literature have been published which highlight common ambitions of the various time periods, and the obstacles that were faced by those with such dreams as attaining the ideal job and travelling the world, being well-known and appreciated, or able to act as one wishes without conviction from others. The particular works of Margaret Laurence, Katherine Mansfield, and Alice Munro, to be later discussed, …show more content…
This is an opinion that is typically viewed today as quite pretentious and impractical, considering the amount of advocacy for equality in the modern world. However, mere decades ago life was dissimilar for some individuals, women being one particular group of those who faced discrimination and constraint from progress. The short story by Katherine Mansfield titled, “Miss Brill,” explores the idea in which the personal ambitions of an individual of lower status have no effect on those around them. The omniscient limited story follows an older, lower class lady through her normal Sunday routine of sitting in the park watching people and occasionally making small talk. What is different about this day is her observation of several women around her who are made to feel disempowered by the men around them, and she comes to realize that she is deemed just as insignificant. Despite her efforts to appear elegant and important, like wearing a fox stole and enjoying honeycake from the bakery, she comes to realize that she “[has] been an actress for a long time,” (Mansfield 330). With this statement she begins to acknowledge the fact that she is not the woman she is emulating, but her ambition to be respected and desired have lead her to this ritual every Sunday of acting like someone that society cares about. It is with the remark from a young boy, “Why does she come here...who wants her?” (Mansfield 331) that she is disengaged from her imagination, and the insignificance of herself manifests. Miss Brill is proven no different than the woman whose husband blows smoke in her face; the young lady whose boyfriend ignores her refusal for intimacy in public, or the woman whose husband had “been so patient,” (Mansfield 329) in listening to his simple wife argue against wearing glasses. The most elementary desires of all of these women have been neglected by men, which parallels the similar
Today, women and men have equal rights, however, not long ago men believed women were lower than them. During the late eighteenth century, men expected women to stay at home and raise children. Women were given very few opportunities to expand their education past high school because colleges and universities would not accept females. This was a loss for women everywhere because it took away positions of power for them. It was even frowned upon if a woman showed interest in medicine or law because that was a man’s place, not a woman’s, just like it was a man’s duty to vote and not a woman’s.
Equality is perhaps one of the most controversial concepts that has plagued human society and communities as well as nations, since Earth’s earliest days. The idea that all are deserving of an equal amount of respect and acceptance, however appealing it may be, is quite impossible. There will always be factors (ie. economic situations, former methods of servitude, personality, etc.) that will affect the way in which humans treat one another, no matter the circumstance. It is a ridiculous idea to even attempt to comprehend that one’s feelings and thoughts and history as a person could ever be the equivalent to another’s. As a result, we are able to achieve a sense of individualism within ourselves and are able to clearly notice the differences between one another. One specific aspect of each and every person that is notably different as you begin to analyze people for who they are is the concept of values. Each and every person upholds contrasting values, which may range from education and gaining knowledge to simply being happy and making others happy. This is no different for fictional characters—or at least well-written fictional characters—and one I can specifically mention is Lyddie, from the novel of the same name, written by Katherine Paterson. During a time of sexism, poverty, and child labor as its main issues, Lyddie is a 12-year-old girl who is forced to undergo all of the mentioned, paired with her own personal matters. She works at a textile mill in Lowell, working in gruesome, repulsive working conditions, with the primary objective of freeing her and her family from debt. Throughout her time working at the mill, a petition is proposed to Lyddie and her “coworkers”, requesting of the owners of the mill to shorten work...
Women and men are not equal. Never have been, and it is hard to believe that they ever will be. Sexism permeates the lives of women from the day they are born. Women are either trying to fit into the “Act Like a Lady” box, they are actively resisting the same box, or sometimes both. The experience of fitting in the box and resisting the box can be observed in two plays: Lorraine Hansberry’s “A Raisin in the Sun” and Henrick Ibsen’s “A Doll House”. In Hansberry’s play, initially, Beneatha seems uncontrolled and independent, but by the end she is controlled and dependent; whereas, in Ibsen’s play Nora seems controlled and dependent at the beginning of the play, but by the end she is independent and free.
In society, there has always been a gap between men and women. Women are generally expected to be homebodies, and seen as inferior to their husbands. The man is always correct, as he is more educated, and a woman must respect the man as they provide for the woman’s life. During the Victorian Era, women were very accommodating to fit the “house wife” stereotype. Women were to be a representation of love, purity and family; abandoning this stereotype would be seen as churlish living and a depredation of family status. Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s short story "The Yellow Wallpaper" and Henry Isben’s play A Doll's House depict women in the Victorian Era who were very much menial to their husbands. Nora Helmer, the protagonist in A Doll’s House and the narrator in “The Yellow Wallpaper” both prove that living in complete inferiority to others is unhealthy as one must live for them self. However, attempts to obtain such desired freedom during the Victorian Era only end in complications.
Until the last hundred years or so in the United States, married women had to rely on their husbands for money, shelter, and food because they were not allowed to work. Though there were probably many men who believed their wives could “stand up to the challenge”, some men would not let their wives be independent, believing them to be of the “inferior” sex, which made them too incompetent to work “un-feminine” jobs. In the late 19th century and early 20th century, feminist writers began to vent their frustration at men’s condescension and sexist beliefs. Susan Glaspell’s “A Jury of Her Peers” and Zora Neale Hurson’s “Sweat” both use dialogue to express how women are capable of and used to working hard, thinking originally, being independent
During the Victorian Era, society had idealized expectations that all members of their culture were supposedly striving to accomplish. These conditions were partially a result of the development of middle class practices during the “industrial revolution… [which moved] men outside the home… [into] the harsh business and industrial world, [while] women were left in the relatively unvarying and sheltered environments of their homes” (Brannon 161). This division of genders created the ‘Doctrine of Two Spheres’ where men were active in the public Sphere of Influence, and women were limited to the domestic private Sphere of Influence. Both genders endured considerable pressure to conform to the idealized status of becoming either a masculine ‘English Gentleman’ or a feminine ‘True Woman’. The characteristics required women to be “passive, dependent, pure, refined, and delicate; [while] men were active, independent, coarse …strong [and intelligent]” (Brannon 162). Many children's novels utilized these gendere...
In the excerpt “I am a Woman” by Mary Abigail Dodge in”My Garden,” she exemplifies that even though she is a woman she characterizes herself as being more than one, that she is worth more that what she is expected to be just like other woman in her society. The author expresses her emotions in this text that even though women that are thought as or looked upon as inferior in her society they could do more than what is expected from them.
Society continually places specific and often restrictive standards on the female gender. While modern women have overcome many unfair prejudices, late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century women were forced to deal with a less than understanding culture. Different people had various ways of voicing their opinions concerning gender inequalities, including expressing themselves through literature. By writing a fictional story, authors like Charlotte Perkins Gilman and Henry James were given the opportunity to let readers understand and develop their own ideas on such a serious topic.
Katherine Mansfield belongs to a group of female authors that have used their financial resources and social standing to critique the patriarchal status quo. Like Virginia Woolf, Mansfield was socioeconomically privileged enough to write influential texts that have been deemed as ‘proto-feminist’ before the initial feminist movements. The progressive era in which Mansfield writes proves to be especially problematic because, “[w]hile the Modernist tradition typically undermined middle-class values, women … did not have the recognized rights necessary to fully embrace the liberation from the[se] values” (Martin 69). Her short stories emphasized particular facets of female oppression, ranging from gendered social inequality to economic classism, and it is apparent that “[p]oor or rich, single or married, Mansfield’s women characters are all victims of their society” (Aihong 101). Mansfield’s short stories, “The Garden Party” and “Miss Brill”, represent the feminist struggle to identify traditional patriarchy as an inherent caste system in modernity. This notion is exemplified through the social bonds women create, the naïve innocence associated with the upper classes, and the purposeful dehumanization of women through oppressive patriarchal methods. By examining the female characters in “The Garden Party” and “Miss Brill”, it is evident that their relationships with other characters and themselves notify the reader of their encultured classist preconceptions, which is beneficial to analyze before discussing the sources of oppression.
In many countries, taking care of the elderly is one of the top priorities. Some feel that our nation neglects the elderly. The older generation is often left to live in nursing homes or remain in their own homes with no loved ones around. This has the potential to make a person feel that he would like to shut out all of reality. The short story "Miss Brill", by Katherine Mansfield, is about an older woman who doesn't have any people around her that love her. Because of this isolation she makes things up in her mind to compensate. A person who doesn't have any significant others in his/her life may create an alternate reality to make up for what they don't have. If Miss Brill realizes that what she believes isn't reality, she can become broken and emotionally devistated. Through the setting , Miss Brill herself, her values, and the theme Mansfield is able to easily and clearly show how this happens to Miss Brill.
Over the centuries, women’s duties or roles in the home and in the work force have arguably changed for the better. In Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen teaches the reader about reputation and loves in the nineteenth and twenty-first centuries by showing how Elizabeth shows up in a muddy dress, declines a marriage proposal and how women have changed over time. Anything a woman does is reflected on her future and how other people look at her. When Elizabeth shows up to the Bingley’s in a muddy dress they categorize her as being low class and unfashionable. Charles Bingley, a rich attractive man, and his sister had a reputation to protect by not letting their brother marry a ‘low class girl’. Reputation even today and back in the nineteenth century is still very important aspect in culture. In the twenty-first century, women have attempted to make their lives easier by wanting to be more equal with the men in their society. Women are wanting to be the apart of the ‘bread winnings’ efforts within a family. Since evolving from the culture of the nineteenth century, women have lost a lot of family and home making traditions but women have gained equality with more rights such as voting, working, and overall equal rights. In the twenty-first century world, most women are seen for losing their morals for and manners for others. As for example in the novel when Mr. Darcy is talking badly about Elizabeth she over hears what he and his friend, Mr. Bingley, are saying about her but she does not stand up for herself.
“Girls wear jeans and cut their hair short and wear shirts and boots because it is okay to be a boy; for a girl it is like promotion. But for a boy to look like a girl is degrading, according to you, because secretly you believe that being a girl is degrading” (McEwan 55-56). Throughout the history of literature women have been viewed as inferior to men, but as time has progressed the idealistic views of how women perceive themselves has changed. In earlier literature women took the role of being the “housewife” or the household caretaker for the family while the men provided for the family. Women were hardly mentioned in the workforce and always held a spot under their husband’s wing. Women were viewed as a calm and caring character in many stories, poems, and novels in the early time period of literature. During the early time period of literature, women who opposed the common role were often times put to shame or viewed as rebels. As literature progresses through the decades and centuries, very little, but noticeable change begins to appear in perspective to the common role of women. Women were more often seen as a main character in a story setting as the literary period advanced. Around the nineteenth century women were beginning to break away from the social norms of society. Society had created a subservient role for women, which did not allow women to stand up for what they believe in. As the role of women in literature evolves, so does their views on the workforce environment and their own independence. Throughout the history of the world, British, and American literature, women have evolved to become more independent, self-reliant, and have learned to emphasize their self-worth.
Society has a huge impact on everyone’s day to day lives whether we see it or not. The most obvious manifestation of society’s influence is in things like fashion, art, and music. However, society can also dictate people’s perception of social standing and subsequent capability. This is another injustice that Katherine Johnson faced within the workplace. Being a women, she felt the constant and unrelenting pressures of having to prove herself as equal to her male counterparts. Despite being more than capable to do her job, society dictated her white male co-workers’ perception of her. Not only did the color of her skin influence her perceived intelligence, due to the segregation of schools, but her gender was another opportunity for her to ‘fall short’ in comparison the her cohorts. During her work with NASA in 1953-1958 society told women that their primary role was in the house supporting their husbands and raising their children. This perception of what a women ‘should be doing’ translated into lesser pay for women in the workplace. Throughout Johnson’s career struggles with unfair payment and reward. In Katherine Johnson’s case, society aided injustice and put her in a position of inferiority where she had to work much harder that her male counterparts to achieve the same goal. Unfortunately, this injustice still resides with us today. Although America is in the midst of major progress for women’s
Male and female were treated differently in terms of gender still in the year 1955, when this story first publish. People were living with the mentality where male were given a high position in society. Perhaps this was the cause of same mentality, male characters in the story don’t treat women as their equal. Gender discrimination has deep roots in history and was still exist in 1955. In this regard, there was an article published in New York Times dated February 16, 2013 by Stephanie Coontz named “Why Gender Equality Stalled”; she writes, “In 1963, most Americans did not yet believe that gender equality was possible or even desirable”. For this reason, one can conclude that gender discrimination was present in 1955 when women were consider as the one who should always look after children, do household stuff and were powerless regarding their social position. Men, on the other hand, held a high social and economic statu...
The point of view that Katherine Mansfield has chosen to use in "Miss Brill" serves two purposes. First, it illustrates how Miss Brill herself views the world and, second, it helps the reader take the same journey of burgeoning awareness as Miss Brill.