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Inventory management theory
Inventory management theory
Inventory management theory
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1. Question 1:
Proficient:
Explain why proper inventory valuation is so important to the calculation of a company's "bottom line" net income.
A merchandise company must be sure it has properly valued it inventory for three reasons. If the ending inventory is overstated, cost of goods are unstated which leads to an overstatement of the gross margin and net income. Overstating the ending inventories also affect the current assets, total assets and retained earnings because any changes to the ending inventory is calculated dollar for dollar (ignoring any, income tax effects), in net income, current assets and retained earnings.
Secondly, when a company misstates its ending inventory in the current year, the company carries the misstatement forward to the next year; the reason for this is the ending inventory for the current year is the beginning inventory for the next year.
Finally, an error in one accounting period ending inventory, automatically causes an error in the net income in the opposite direction in the next period. After 2 years, however the error washes out and the assets and retained earnings are properly stated.
What is the meaning of taking a physical inventory and why is it important to take a physical inventory when using a perpetual inventory system.
A physical inventory means a company must take a count, weigh, measure or estimate the physical quantities of the goods on hand. The use of this ensures companies are accurately stating the quantity of on hand inventory. When companies utilize a perpetual inventory system there are able to obtain real time data regarding cost of goods sold and ending inventory, which makes calculating net income easier.
Events can cause the Inventory account balance to differ from th...
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... Chicago, Las Vegas. Retrieved May 8, 2014, from http://www.mcgoverngreene.com/archives/archive_articles/Craig_Greene_Archives/inventory_accounting.html
Inventories: Measurement. (2014, January 1). What is Included in Inventory?. Retrieved May 8, 2014, from http://connect.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0077328787/student_view0/ebook/chapter8/chbody1/what_is_included_in_inventory_.htm
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Siegel Ph.D. CPA, Joel G.; Shim Ph.D., Jae K. (2010-02-01). Dictionary of Accounting Terms (Barron's Dictionary of Accounting Terms) (p. 129). Barron's Educational Series. Kindle Edition.
In order for Jim Turin & Sons, Inc to have used this method of accounting it would have had to match the cost of the merchandise with the revenue earned from the sale. Using the matching of revenue and cost the company would have had to have kept an actual inventory and maintained records of the costs associated with said inventory. Since the costs are not immediately deducted under the accrual method they are deferred to the year when the merchandise is
Reimers, Jane L. (2003). Financial Accounting A Business Process Application. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, Prentice Hall.
Donal E. Kieso, Wegandt J. Jerry, Warfield D. Terry. (2012). Intermediate Accounting. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
In 2012 Macy’s had a gross profit margin and net income margin of 11148, and 1335 respectively. In 2013 Macy’s had a gross profit margin and net income margin of 11206, and 1486 respectively. In 2014 Macy’s had a gross profit margin and net income margin of 11242, and 1526 respectively ("Annual Reports/Fact Book -Macy 's Inc."). Gross profit and net income margin both show steady increases year over year, this data indicates Macy 's is continuing to grow at a sustainable rate. In 2013, Macy’s inventory turnover was 3.15, and decreased to 3.03 in 2014. Number of days sales in inventory in 2013 was 115.84 and 120.28 in 2014 ("Annual Reports/Fact Book -Macy 's Inc."). With the decrease in inventory turnover and conversely an increase in number of days sales in inventory Macy 's is showing a decrease in managing inventory, in other words this excess inventory is decreasing
In Inventories are sold, and they are purchased on a continuous basis. Due to the varying market conditions, the prices of the inventories may change and as a result, valuation of inventory is imperative. There are various methods that organizations use in valuing stocks. The most common methods are:
It shows the investors that how liquid the inventory of the company is. This ratio measures and shows that how easily a company can turn its inventory or merchandise into cash. The increase in the ratio clearly indicates that the management of the company is managing its merchandise in an efficient and effective manner and it is also contribution to the profits of the company.
Marshall, M.H., McManus, W.W., Viele, V.F. (2003). Accounting: What the Numbers Mean. 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies.
Gibson, C. H. (2011). Financial reporting & analysis: Using financial accounting information. (12th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.
Garrison, R. H., Noreen, E. W., & Brewer, P. c. (2010). Managerial Accounting. New York: McGraw Hill/Irwin.
Accounting Theory: Conceptual Issues in a Political and Economic Environment (6th edition ed.). South Western College Pub.
Inventory management is a method through which a business handles tangible resources and materials to ensure availability of resources for use. It is a collection of interdisciplinary processes including a full circle of the demand forecasting, supply chain management, inventory control and reverse logistics. Inventory management is the optimization of inventories of manufactured goods, work in progress, and raw materials. According to Doucette (2001) inventory management can be challenging at times; however, the need for effective inventory management is largely seen more as a necessity than a mere trend when customer satisfaction and service have become a prime reason for a business to stand apart from its competition. For example, Wal-Mart’s inventory management is one of the biggest contributors to the success of the company; effective and efficient inventory management is of critical importance.
Schroeder, Richard G., Myrtle Clark, and Jack M. Cathey. Financial Accounting Theory and Analysis: Text and Cases. 10th ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2009. 97. Print.
Inventory management can enhance the efficiency in operation of the supermarket. Supermarket must ensure that the correct levels of inventory are being maintained throughout the store, and that merchandise is purchased at the best price point as possible. Holding too much inventory on hand generate costs like carrying costs. Whereas having too little inventory on hand makes customers dissatisfied and it leads to declining
Inventory management is defined because a science mostly established art of guaranteeing that just enough inventory share is command with a company to fulfill demand (Coleman, 2000; Jay & Barry, 2006). it's mostly regarding specifying the size and keeping of stacked product. Inventory management is usually needed at completely distinct spots within a service or within multiple spots of a supply network to guard the standard and planned course of production up against the random disruption of running low upon materials or product. The scope of inventory administration also concerns the good lines between replenishment period interval, carrying costs of inventory, asset management, investment forecasting, inventory valuation, selection visibility,
For example: if bhatbhateni’s inventory cost $20000 but in current scenario the cost has dropped to $16000, than the company records $16000 in its balance sheet and records $4000 difference amount as a loss in income statement. (accounting coach, 2016)