End notes are missing from the paper.
To Secretary of State John Hay, the Spanish-American War was a "splendid little war", one that would bring tremendous benefit to those fortunate colonies liberated from Spain. For those places where the Spanish were forcibly expelled, there was nothing splendid about either about the war or its aftermath. To state simply that war is hell and that change is disruptive is merely to state the obvious. Beyond this, many U.S. historians have characterized the results of U.S. intervention and subsequent occupation of Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines as a bequest, an opportunity to enjoy previously unknown individual liberties, political self-determination and potential economic prosperity. Other historians have characterized the actions of the United States as nothing short of exploitative imperialism, designed to subjugate those who it considered inferior to a state of political and economic servitude.
What is clear is that, in Cuba and Puerto Rico, many viewed the American involvement initially as a positive development. What is equally apparent is that after the war and over time, these pro-American attitudes soured considerably. There were many reasons for this development. Leaving the economic, sociological, and psychological examinations of this large issue to other more ambitious endeavors, this paper aims to explore the way in which the intervention and occupation disrupted and complicated the normal political construction of Cuba and Puerto Rico. Also, in an effort to avoid the larger historiographical debate, political developments will be presented simply in response to conditions. The premise of this paper is that, intentionally or otherwise, the U.S. intervention and subseque...
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...s E., Cuba 1933…Prologue to Revolution. 1972 Cornell University Press, N.Y.
Carrion, Arturo Morales, Puerto Rico, A Political and Cultural History., 1983 WW Norton, N.Y., N.Y.
Foner, Philip S., The Spanish-Cuban-American War and the Birth of American Imperialism, Volume 2, (1898-1902), 1972 Monthly Review Press, N.Y., N.Y.
Knight, Franklin W., The Caribbean, The Genesis of a Fragmented Nationalism. 1990 Oxford University Press, N.Y., N.Y.
Maldonado-Denis, Manuel, Puerto Rico: A Socio-Historic Interpretation. 1972 Random House, N.Y., N.Y.
Perez, Louis A., Cuba Under The Platt Amendment, 1902-1934. 1986 University of Pittsburgh Press, Pa.
Suchlicki, Jamie, "The Political Ideology of Jose Marti" from: Beckles, Hilary and Verene Shepherd, Caribbean Freedom: Economy and Society from Emancipation to the Present. 1996 Marcus Wiener, Princeton, N.J.
JFK's vice president, Lyndon Johnson, all had some sort of motive to have JFK dead (Goertzel
Long before our involvement, the Cubans had been leading revolts and revolutions against Spain. The Spanish empire considered Cuba to be its jewel, not only for its beauty but also for its economics. Cuba’s main source of income was from its expansive sugar plantations that greatly contributed to its wealth (more so to the Spanish Empires wealth). Ironically, even due to the high regard to Cuba, it was neglected and oppressed, as the Spanish Empire began its decline in the middle of the nineteenth century. The Empire was falling due to it slowly loosing its control over its territories, closer to the US then to Spain, because of a lack of industrializing. The Spanish would claim ownership, but never contribute back to their land. This opened the door for what is known as the 10-year war and the struggle for Cuban Independence. The United States never got directly involved, but it sympathized greatly with the Cuban’s cause, for ...
The U.S.’s relationship with Cuba has been arduous and stained with mutual suspicion and obstinateness, and the repeated U.S. interventions. The Platt agreement and Castro’s rise to power, served to introduce the years of difficulty to come, while, the embargo the U.S. placed on Cuba, enforced the harsh feelings. The two major events that caused the most problems were the Bays of Pigs and Cuban Missile Crisis.
Most people believe that the assassination of JFK was committed by Lee Harvey Oswald however there are many other conspiracies also. Even though his death happened a little over 50 years ago it is one of the most recognized deaths in America. A lot of theories do not make sense however other theories appear to have a valid conclusion. The different conspiracies I will look at in this paper are: New Orleans Conspiracy; CIA Conspiracy; Shadow Government Conspiracy; Military Industrial Complex; Secret Service and LBJ
Paterson, Thomas G. Contesting Castro: The United States and the Triumph of the Cuban Revolution. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. Pp. 352.
The CIA involvement conspiracy theory was one of the more surprising theories. The CIA had a high number of conflicts with JFK, such a the bay of pigs invasion on Cuba. CIA agents could have been involved in Kennedy's assassination. Some say he was assassinated because he turned away from the Cold War, the nonviolent conflict between the U.S. and the former U.S.S.R. after 1945. Over time Kennedy relationship with the CIA was deteriorating. Kennedy said "I want to splinter the CIA into a thousand pieces and scatter them in the winds". According to Larry chin the CIA paid for the someone to assassinate president Diem of Vietnam. The the other hand reports show that Carlos Marcelo admitted to the CIA organizing Kennedy's assassination. Furthermore mafia criminals disliked Kennedy because of his disliking of organized crime. Although JFK organized 10,000 votes for the election with Chicago mobster boss Sam Giancana. Nevertheless the CIA concealed vital information from the warren commission.
Kennedy took full public responsibility for the Bay of Pigs disaster though secretly he blamed the CIA. Kennedy fired three of the CIA?s top men whom were responsible for the operation: Director Allen Dulles, who was later a member of the Warren Commission (Lifton 176), General Cabell, and Richard Bissel. (Morrissey) After the CIA lost time, effort, and people in the attempt to secure Cuba, the CIA became hostile and wanted to get rid of Kennedy to prevent him from losing more ground, especially in Vietnam.Adding to the fire were Kennedy?s secret commitments to pulling out of Vietnam and his threat to?Smash the CIA into a thousand pieces and scatter them in the wind? (Belzer 79)
It is human nature to try and find the unseen hand in a crime. When calamity struck on November 22, 1963, the country began to search for the unseen hand in the assassination of President John Fitzgerald Kennedy. The United States was completely taken under shock when news came to them that Kennedy had been shot in Dealey Plaza. 70% of Americans believe Kennedy was assassinated under some type of conspiracy. Few know the facts to what they believe, but most just believe, but most just believe as an escape route to the reality that a small man such as Lee Harvey Oswald can kill a man as big as John F. Kennedy. While people feel Lee Harvey was accompanied in the killing, the fact of the matter is that there is no evidence to prove Lee Harvey Oswald was part of a conspiracy.
For 113 days during the summer of 1898, the United States was at war with Spain. Neither the president of the United States, nor his cabinet, nor the the queen of Spain, nor her ministers wanted the war wanted the war. It happened eventhough they made their best efforts to prevent it. It happened because of ambition, miscalculation, and stupidity; and it happened because of kindness, wit, and resourcefulness. It also happened because some were indifferent to the suffering of the world’s wretched and others were not (O’Toole 17). By winning the war the United States proved the the rest of the world and to itself that it could and would fight against foreign nations. For many years, world power had been concentrated in the countries in Europe. Nations such as Great Britain, France, Germany, and Spain had the most influence in global affairs. But a shift in power was gradually taking place as the United States matured. The young nation gained wealth and strength. Its population grew immensely, and many people believed it would become a major world power (Bachrach, 11) Spain was one of the many European countries that had territory in the United States. Spain controlled mostly some islands off the coast of Central America. The most important of these were Cuba and Puerto Rico. The United States was led to believe that the Spanish mosgoverned and abused the people of these islands. In fact, Spain did overtax and mistreat the Cubans, who rebelled in 1868 and again in 1895. Thus, the American people felt sympathetic toward the Cuban independence movement. In addition, Spain had frequently interfered with trade between its colonies and the United States. Even though the United States had been a trading partner with Cuba since the seventeenth century, Spain sometimes tried to completely stop their trade with Cuba. In Spain doing so, this sometimes caused damage to U.S. commercial interests. The United States highly disagreed with Spain’s right to interfere with this trade relationship. (Bachrach, 12) The United States was also concerned that other trading and commercial interests were threatened by the number of ships and soldiers Spain kept in the area. If the United States had to fight a war with Canada or Mexico, these Spanish forces could quickly mobilize against the United States.
...pany, here, my investors and I set up a laboratory at 89 Liberty Street in Manhattan so that I could work on me plans and prototypes of my inventions. Mostly, i focused my efforts on AC current generators and means to transport that power to the public. After I had worked and produced one of these generators, a friend of mine, asked me to present and show off my generator at the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. A fellow inventor, George Westinghouse, who was also working on an AC motor, decided to buy my polyphase induction motor and transformer designs for $60,000 in cash as well as stock. He also decided to pay me $2.50 per AC horsepower produced by each motor to sweeten the deal. Westinghouse also decided to hire me for 2,000 dollars a month as a electrical advisor and technician and the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company's Pittsburgh labs.
“John F. Kennedy was assassinated in November 1963. Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested and put on trial for his murder. However, before he could reach trial, Lee Harvey Oswald was himself murdered by Jack Ruby. Lee Harvey Oswald always pleaded innocence and many believe the assassination was a conspiracy.” (Pettinger, Biography of John F Kennedy )
Some theories are that it was organized by the CIA, Fidel Castro, an Anarchist group, even by Vice-President Lyndon Johnson. However, once all the evidence is examined, it appears that the assassination was done by a lone man. So much of the evidence, from the way the assassination occurred, to the details of the alleged assassins’ life, and even to the official government findings and a film of the assassination, all point to the fact that there was no conspiracy and that Kennedy was killed by a lone gunman, Lee Harvey Oswald. Evidence that proves Oswald’s guilt are as follows; Oswald was pro-Communist, and hated America. He was in the Depository at the time of the assassination, and searches of the building found evidence of his work. The rifle with his finger prints on it was found by a make-shift snipers nest.
One reason for this is that “...the CIA felt that Kennedy was going to disband them.” The reason for this is because the CIA wanted the Cuban leader dead, but JFK disagreed (“The one JFK conspiracy”). The CIA planned to invade Cuba, but Kennedy had assured the Cuban leader that he would not invade his country, ruining the CIA’s plan. Another reason the CIA might have wanted JFK dead was because “President Kennedy told Senator Mike Mansfield of his plans to tear the CIA “into a thousand pieces and scatter it to the wind” (Hager). The CIA had a reason to be worried about Kennedy’s plans to shut down their agency. The CIA looks very suspicious including the circumstances of their problem.
Trask, David F.. The war with Spain in 1898. Collector's ed. Norwalk, CT: Easton Press,
...fferent types of harmony, rhythm, and tuning that all music has in it is how we as people get things done whether you are an engineer or a doctor. I relate my life so much to music, because I might hear that beat that is going fast, and right then I might think I am living a fast-paced life and I want to change that, so then maybe I listen to a slower song that calms me down and slows time. Everybody’s life is a song and whether that song has lyrics or not is up to how we live our lives. My song would have lyrics and it would be a country song, but that is just me and I do so many of the things that country singers sing about. It could be a slow song sometimes or a fast song in country, it all depends on what I am going through in life. Everyone has their own song in life and it changes, mine has changed many times. Believe in yourself and make your life into music.