American Individualism And Transcendentalism

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The American colonies began at Jamestown. However New England, a few colonies North would develop into the intellectual hub of the early United States. Cities like New York and Boston and Universities like Harvard and Yale were built by Calvinists; specifically the Pilgrims and the Puritans. Their sober, “City on a Hill” community would set the cultural and religious tone of early American society. However, the American Revolution and Great Awakening would eventually counter the dry and submissive attitudes of the Puritans with an individualistic and idealistic fervor that would spawn an entirely new religious movement, one based around the individual, a positive connection to nature, and something called an “over-soul”: Transcendentalism had …show more content…

However, perhaps it’s most immediate influence was on American literature. Prolific Transcendentalist authors like Emerson, Thoreau, and Whitman spawned and fathered naturalism and neohumanism. Even the opposition to Transcendentalism spawned literary giants like Edgar Allen Poe and Nathaniel Hawthorne, who spent time on Brook Farm. Emily Dickinson has been described as “post-Emersonian, or, still more accurately perhaps, a sort of Emersonian-in-reverse”. Poems such as “The Brain is Wider than the Sky” and “How happy is the Stone” show this Emerson influence in their themes of individual freedom, the divinity of man, and simple living. Culturally, Transcendentalisms impact can be traced to the New Thought and Christian Science movements. Both centered around the ability of the mind and positive thinking to heal sickness. Phones Pankhurst Quimby, a pioneer in the field, was a self professed Transcendentalist who’s goal was “revealing that the power of curing was the divine wisdom in all of us accessible through intuition.” Christian Scientists lacked any influential philosophers of their own kind. They often “plundered” thoughts from Emerson that meshed with their worldview. Lastly, Transcendentalisms influence can be traced all the way to the counter culture movements of the 1960’s and 70’s. Similar to Thoreau’s experiences in Walden, these non-conformists rejected American values of “steady work, competition, and status-seeking” in favor of “meditation, cooperation, sensory gratification” and “peaceful, non political protest”. And although they lacked the “urge to reform” and were “far less intellectually inclined”, you can see the fingerprints of mid 1800’s Transcendentalism even centuries

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