American Film and Television Industry
analytical Essay
887 words
Hollywood, a metonym for the American film and television industry is located in the West-northeast of Los Angeles Downtown. Due to its fame and cultural identity as the historical center of movie studios and stars, the word “Hollywood” stands an influential venue internationally. Many historic Hollywood theaters are used as venues to premiere major theatrical releases, and host the famous Academy Awards. It is a popular destination for nightlife and tourism, and home to the Walk of Fame. Except the film and television industry, Hollywood is famous of its editing effects, post-production, and lighting companies as well. However, the icon of “Hollywood” changes from day to day, but the position remains throughout the world. Because of the moderate, dry climate and natural sunlight, the motion picture production companies from the East of the United States started moving to California. At that time, Thomas Edision was the biggest force to control the industry in the East, so it was a great development for motion picture to start in Hollywood because it was far from Thomas Edision’s enforcement. They could work unencumbered by Edison’s control. They were feared of failure and they were weak to face difficulties at the time. But still they hope to get a better life in California and seek for jobs that could provide them the better life and ease of doing business without the powerful Edison Company. In addition during the early 1910, Director D.W. Griffith was sent by the Biolgraph Company to the west coast with his acting troop. The company decided to explore new territories and traveled around to search for places that was friendly and enjoyed the movie company filming there. D.W.Griffith then filmed the first movie ever shot ... ... middle of paper ... ... something for contribution to the society. The academy awards provided the chance for giving compliments to those who contributed to the industry. However the awards nowadays became a commercial show on television. Hollywood has also lobbied the US very effectively over decades to ensure cultural exports are classed as just another form of trade in international agreements, and to help it gain control over distribution networks abroad. From the view of entertainment, most of the people would admire and wish to step into Hollywood industry ad they think they would be famous after and increase their position world-wide. If they got a chance to participate in one of the Hollywood movie, they will get high pay and everyone knows them after. It provides people with hope and changes their life, it is one way of international connections without the nationality issue.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that hollywood, a metonym for the american film and television industry, is located in the west-northeast of los angeles downtown.
- Explains that motion picture production companies from the east moved to california because of the moderate, dry climate and natural sunlight. they could work unencumbered by edison's enforcement.
- Explains that d.w. griffith was sent by the biolgraph company to the west coast with his acting troop and filmed the first movie ever shot in hollywood.
- Explains that the hollywood sign was erected in 1923 to advertise a new housing development in the hills above hollywood. the hollywood chamber of commerce used the sign to generate profits on cosmetics, clothing, and souvenirs.
- Explains that hollywood was considered the most glittered, shinning and famous place around the world during the past. the hollywood walk of fame was created in 1958 and the first star was placed in 1960 as a tribute to artists working in the entertainment industry
- Explains that hollywood is used loosely to stand for the cultural products of the usa. the first academy awards presentation ceremony took place on may 16, 1929 during a banquet held in the hollywood roosevelt hotel.
- Analyzes how hollywood has lobbied the us to ensure cultural exports are classed as just another form of trade in international agreements, and to gain control over distribution networks abroad.
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- Movie Industry: Cecil B. Demilleanalytical essayThe youngest films of the movie industry were not sheer matter of creative worth, but moderately scientific creations. At the time of the early 20th century era of making films, a cluster of scriptwriters, producers, and directors gradually transformed films into an intermediate tool for expression. A key player to the American film industry was Cecil B. Demille, an American film director and producer, known for both his renowned films in both the silent era and post silent era. DeMille is credited as being a visionary of the film industry, venturing into uncharted territories of film and pushing social norms. Prior to his career as a filmmaker, the film industry was on the verge of arriving at a new period of modernism. The old attitude among citizens that was brought on by Victorianism in the 19th century was progressively fading. The Victorian era had been comprised of, “virtues’ of sexual repression and restriction…. a code of positive morals that include[d] perseverance and an aversion to idleness; a sense of moral uniformity…self control, discipline, self-confidence, [and] self-sufficiency” (Belton 96). In other words, the era bred close-minded individuals, rigid to change and new ideas. As DeMille started his path into the movie business, he highlighted an upcoming subset of individuals and showcased the expanding diversity in the populace of America. Cecil B. DeMille influenced American film cinema to take on more diverse scripts in which the public had never seen before, through the implementation of both foreign actors and characters in his films and interwove them into his theatrical storylines.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how cecil b. demille influenced american film cinema to take on more diverse scripts in which the public had never seen before.
- Analyzes how demille seizes the entry of immigrants by bringing together actors of different ethnic backgrounds from eastern europe in his films.
- Analyzes demille's use of foreign characters as antagonists and villains in his film carmen, which focuses on a cohort of gypsy smugglers who attempt to overthrow the city.
- Analyzes how demille's choice of hayakawa to portray the enemy in the cheat was a provocative decision due to the fact that the us had engaged in war with the allies.
- Analyzes how demille's film the ten commandments was subject to critical acclaim for the gravity of religious content. he would later go on to produce the sign of the cross and the king of kings.
- Analyzes how demille's cleopatra gave the audience a genre of seduction and scandal — settlers from the middle east made their way to america even though the national origins formula law was in place.
- Analyzes how demille was a visionary and pioneer in the industry of film. his films exposed the ever-changing populace in america and challenged others to broaden their attitudes.
- Analyzes how cecil b. demille's blockbuster successes galvanized a cohort of filmmakers that would go on to create their own innovative productions for diverse audiences.
- Opines that "bullfight scene from carmen will be unique." los angeles times.
- Describes cecil b. demille's interview with film history vol. 3 no. 2 (1989).
- Explains that demille was born into an artistically inclined family. his father, a professor at columbia university, and his brother, william, prospered in playwriting.
2052 wordsRead More - Sunset Boulevard: The Culture Of Hollywood Filmanalytical essayA new edition to the course lineup, this week's film classic, Sunset Boulevard. This film will focus on the culture and environment of the Hollywood studio system that produces the kind of motion pictures that the whole world recognizes as "Hollywood movies." There have been many movies from the silent era to the present that either glamorize or vilify the culture of Hollywood, typically focusing on the celebrities (both in front of and behind the camera) who populate the "dream factories" of Hollywood. But we cannot completely understand the culture of Hollywood unless we recognize that motion pictures are big business as well as entertainment, and that Hollywood necessarily includes both creative and commercial
In this essay, the author
- Explains that audiences don't know someone sits down and writes a picture; they think the actors make it up as they go along.
- Acknowledges that the "culture of hollywood" is based on motion pictures as big business as well as entertainment.
- Explains how business values and artistic values in hollywood contend with one another.
- Explains that film studios look for specific elements of a successful movie.
- Recommends using the film glossary to learn the meaning of cinematic terms and to use them appropriately in discussions about movies.
- Analyzes how filmmakers use cinematic techniques to tell a story, develop characters, create atmosphere, and evoke emotions.
- Analyzes the online reviews and essays of sunset boulevard attached as materials on this session's timeline.
- Analyzes the overall tone, dialogue, and characters portrayed in the film. what attitudes do they express toward hollywood and the movie industry?
- Analyzes how the silent era of hollywood filmmaking had only been over for about 25 years when sunset boulevard was made. gloria swanson was a silent film superstar, although she retired from the screen voluntarily after making several sound films.
- Describes the specific moment when norma loses her grip on reality.
- Analyzes how joe gillis and max, the butler, contribute to the web of lies that ultimately cause norma’s downfall. how could they have avoided the tragic ending of the picture?
- Introduces the film classic, sunset boulevard, which focuses on the culture and environment of the hollywood studio system that produces the kind of motion pictures that the world recognizes as "hollywood movies."
- Explains that writing a well-focused thesis statement is the single best thing you can do to get good grades on these papers.
1240 wordsRead More - The Film Industry in Floridaexplanatory essayFlorida is known for many things like its fresh oranges, its sunshine and warm climate, its beautiful beaches, its Everglades National Park, cigar factories and many more interesting things. There is also one more thing that adds on to Florida’s popularity and it is its film industry. The film industry in Florida is one of the largest in the United States. In 2006, Florida was ranked third in the U.S. for film production, after California and New York, based on revenue generated.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that florida's film industry is one of the largest in the united states. it was ranked third in 2006 for film production, after california and new york.
- Explains how the film/movie industry started in florida in the early 20th century. new york city's film industry needed a winter filming location, and jacksonville was the gateway to the sunshine state.
- Explains how kalem studios, the first film studio in florida, pushed jacksonville to fame as the winter film capital of the world. cold weather sent new york film producers south in search of sunnier locations.
- Explains that the city's biggest claim to fame was the making of the first technicolor motion picture and first full length color movie created in the us. the gulf between, filmed in 1917, was a history making event in jacksonville.
- Narrates how oliver hardy made his film debut in "outwitting daddy" in 1913, and joseph engel started metro pictures, which later became metro goldwyn mayer.
- Describes how richard norman opened a movie studio in jacksonville in 1916, and became an african-american film producer.
- Describes norman studios as an american film studio in jacksonville, florida, which produced silent films featuring all african american casts from 1920 to 1928.
- Explains that marine land dolphin adventure near st. augustine, florida, was the only spot in the world for underwater filming until the 1940s.
- Explains that florida became the third largest video and film production center in the united states, behind california and new york. in 2004, film and entertainment in florida was a $3.9 billion industry.
- Explains that a total of $93 million was spent on all types of film projects in florida between january first and june 30 as of today.
- Explains that 1,267 tv commercials, sponsored or training films, and recording projects with a combined budget total of $49.4 million were completed in florida from january through december last year.
- Explains that dozens of commercials were filmed in jacksonville for at;t, burger king, ford, k-mart, mastercard, mcdonald's, nike, nissan, and wal-mart.
- Explains that jacksonville celebrates its annual film festival, the florida film festival, which showcases the best american independent and foreign films.
- Explains that jacksonville has played an important role in america's film history and deserves the title of the winter film capital of the world.
1355 wordsRead More - Cinema in Evelyn Waugh's Vile Bodiesanalytical essayThe stars, particularly Hollywood stars, made a huge contribution to attracting vast numbers of people to the cinema.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the interwar period witnessed an explosion of a variety of leisure activities within british society, some of which were new or not.
- Analyzes how waugh's character, colonel blount, represents the popular interest of films and film making at the time vile bodies was written.
- Explains that the films themselves were directed at certain sections of society, such as women, immigrants, and the youth.
- Analyzes how the appeal of the cinema to the masses was evident during the interwar era. the visibly attractive and glamorous hollywood movies depicted the success of underdogs over unjust authority.
- Explains that hollywood stars made a huge contribution to attracting vast numbers of people to the cinema.
- Explains that the introduction of sound into the movies making industry provided a new incentive for moviegoers in the interwar period.
- Opines that the great depression provided an atmosphere of ‘doom and gloom’. british films often reflected the life of the people, rather than offering them any hopes or dreams.
- Cites bittner, j r, may, l, puttnam, d., and taylor, a j p.
632 wordsRead More - Hollywood and Nathaniel West's The Day of the Locustanalytical essayHollywood is not simply a point on a map; it is a representation of the human experience. As with any other location, though, Hollywood’s history can be traced and analyzed up to present day. In 1887, Harvey Henderson Wilcox established a 120-acre ranch in an area northwest of Los Angeles, naming it “Hollywood” (Basinger 15). From then on, Hollywood grew from one man’s family to over 5,000 people in 1910. By then, residents around the ranch incorporated it as a municipality, using the name Hollywood for their village. While they voted to become part of the Los Angeles district, their village was also attracting motion-picture companies drawn in by the diverse geography of the mountains and oceanside (15). The Los Angeles area continues to flourish, now containing over nine million people, an overwhelming statistic compared to Wilcox’s original, family unit (U.S. Census Bureau 1). However, these facts only s...
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how nathanael west's the day of the locust, set in the 1930s, resembles contemporary hollywood, where his characters take on multiple roles instead of assuming individual personalities.
- Analyzes how hollywood's history can be traced and analyzed up to present day. wilcox established a 120-acre ranch in an area northwest of los angeles in 1887.
- Explains that hollywood cinema also produces its own realities on the big screen. the "reality" of the cinema lies in producers, directors, actors, back-lots, etc.
- Explains that hollywood stars were "built" to fit a specific genre or personality, and their personalities were rarely depicted on screen. actors today represent more than glamorous pawns, taking part in all areas of hollywood from creation to production.
- Analyzes how nathanael west incorporates these ideas into his novel, the day of the locust, set in los angeles and centered on the hollywood community.
- Analyzes how west loosely typecasts his characters' personalities. todd hackett's appearance and background are described in a way audiences would describe stars in their movies.
- Analyzes how west develops his cast of characters into more complex actors, similar to the "freer" hollywood stars of today.
- Analyzes todd's nonchalant, indifferent attitude towards faye, which resembles a rapist, monster, or young man. todd breaks out of the hollywood stardom phenomenon of that time period into the modern "freer" actor mold.
- Analyzes how harry greener demonstrates a similar personality variance with each acting role he takes. the clown's stories of his career in vaudeville, burlesque and the circus excite and interest todd.
- Explains that commedia dell'arte is an unwritten or improvised drama based on the manner of performance rather than the subject matter of the play.
- Analyzes how the relationship between harry and a commedia mask allows for viewing the other characters in the novel as fixed types. todd and faye are trapped in their roles, while lea claims about fixed expressions upon personages.
- Analyzes how faye's actions resemble that of an actress with a fixed range of emotions rather than an individual.
- Analyzes how west's characters' individuality disappears to meld into the collective. todd, homer and everyone else are characters, despite their variable personalities, caught in the same mob
- Analyzes how the characters, like their modern-day actor counterparts, serve the same purpose in the final scenes: to run away like faye or to become part of the hollywood mob scene.
- Analyzes how nathanael west's complicated story of love, loss and mobs in hollywood reflects a deeper connection to the hollywood cinematic community at large.
3540 wordsRead More - Censorship In Hollywood Essayanalytical essaySince the California dream was aided so much by the impact of what Hollywood was doing, it only seems necessary, for the images of Hollywood to determine the mental state of America. In the heart of the dream in Hollywood, the films that were being produced by studios, exhibited a less than satisfactory representation of moral ideals. In this, while the California dream offered a sense of hope to Americans, the way in which it operated was far from the ideal scenario. At this time a shift was occurring from the once idolized images of the flapper, jazz, and gangsters, as more and more people began to question the validity behind the images. In 1921, scandals includi...
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how california's myths, legends and symbols began to take on a new identity with the emergence of hollywood.
- Analyzes how hollywood's films exhibited a less than satisfactory representation of moral ideals. the california dream offered hope to americans, but the way it operated was far from the ideal scenario.
- Explains that the "don'ts and be carefuls" were a less restrictive form of control that excluded the use of nudity, evocative acts, and depreciating religion.
- Explains how the movie industry disregarded the codes and pushed the california dream further down. the mmpda introduced a new agency to stop the increased immorality.
- Explains the role of religion in hollywood censorship. the catholic church established the legion of decency to evaluate the validity and appropriateness of movies.
- Explains that regulation in hollywood and not the government was the best way to eliminate immorality. this offered great control of religion over what was coming out of hollywood.
- Explains that the realization of morality in these roles was the necessary shift to the demise of the dream, allowing women in film to be shown as something more than a sexual entity.
- Analyzes how hollywood's censorship was a major issue in the 1920s and 1930s, and shows that the ideals of morality in media should be addressed in order to find harmony.
1073 wordsRead More - The Use of Classical Hollywood Theory in Die Hardanalytical essayBeginning the mid 1920s, Hollywood’s ostensibly all-powerful film studios controlled the American film industry, creating a period of film history now recognized as “Classical Hollywood”. Distinguished by a practical, workmanlike, “invisible” method of filmmaking- whose purpose was to demand as little attention to the camera as possible, Classical Hollywood cinema supported undeviating storylines (with the occasional flashback being an exception), an observance of a the three act structure, frontality, and visibly identified goals for the “hero” to work toward and well-defined conflict/story resolution, most commonly illustrated with the employment of the “happy ending”. Studios understood precisely what an audience desired, and accommodated their wants and needs, resulting in films that were generally all the same, starring similar (sometimes the same) actors, crafted in a similar manner. It became the principal style throughout the western world against which all other styles were judged. While there have been some deviations and experiments with the format in the past 50 plus ye...
In this essay, the author
- Explains that hollywood's ostensibly all-powerful film studios controlled the american film industry, creating a period of film history known as "classical hollywood".
- Analyzes how die hard utilizes a step-by-step style of narration, where the end and the objectives of the protagonist, john mcclane, are not arrived upon until all complications are resolved and enemies in the film are eliminated.
- Explains that hollywood films have reconnoitered numerous ways to tell a story, styles of cinematography, and technological effects, but one element remains: the notion of 'neatly' happy ending.'
574 wordsRead More - Motion Picture Historyexplanatory essayBefore World War I, films were being made mostly European countries and in Japan. When the war interrupted European filmmaking, however, the American film industry began to dominate the world market. In the years between 1917 and 1927 the silent film reached the peak of its development. United States had the largest film industry and American films dominated the international market.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that before world war i, films were made mostly in european countries and in japan. when the war interrupted european filmmaking, the american film industry began to dominate the world market.
- Explains that germany and japan still had some movie industries but mostly left to domestic. many nations found film production as a matter of importance to national culture.
- Explains that major companies that dominated hollywood were fox, paramount, warner brothers, mgm, columbia, and united artists.
- Explains that cinemas were built, and the major producers bought chains of theaters. a typical film show consisted of a feature starring big-name players.
- Explains that the 1922 film nanook of the north, directed by robert flaherty, is often credited as the first great achievement of documentary film.
- Explains that the most innovative and influential new filmmakers were in germany, scandinavia, and the soviet union.
- Explains how phonograph records were synchronized with films without success; theaters used machines to emit sound effects behind the screen, while full orchestras accompanied some of the more spectacular silent films. lee de forest pioneered both.
- Describes how electronics manufacturers experimented with sound on film and phonograph discs synchronized with film. the first full-length all-sound film was 'the lights of new york'
- Explains how sound revolutionized the film industry. theaters installed sound projection equipment, and film studios found methods of soundproofing cameras and stages.
- Explains that playwrights who knew how to write dramatic dialogue were hired to replace silent-screen scenario writers. the great depression of 1929 did a little to affect hollywood but ironically increased the efficiency of films production.
954 wordsRead More - Destry Rides Again, Mr Smith Goes to Washington, and the Fall of the Hollywood Studio Systemanalytical essayThomas Schatz cites the 1950’s as the inevitable end of the Hollywood film studio system, with the signs appearing as early as the height of the second World War (472). However, the seeds of discontent and disintegration within the system were apparent as soon as the late 1930’s, exemplified in such films as Destry Rides Again (1939, George Marshall) and Mr. Smith Goes To Washington (1939, Frank Capra). The production of these two films and the paths down which they led their star (James Stewart), directors (at least Frank Capra), and studios (Universal and Columbia, respectively) are evidence of the decline of the studio system. The haphazard production of Destry Rides Again and its subsequent success (financially, but not as an enduring classic film) are indicative of a system eating itself alive: so intent on the production of film after film made with almost the same crews and casts that lasting meaning had been all but completely forgotten in favor of financial success and power within the system. This also demonstrates the decline of the fascist executive order of the studios in favor of the hard work and devotion of those directly involved on the film set as well as the increasingly important role of the talent agent as the intermediary between the talent and the studios. Frank Capra’s eventually freelance auteurship, in the wake of David O. Selznick and his “independent” film productions, particularly evident in the production of Mr. Smith Goes To Washington, was a notable indicator of the studios’ impending loss of power (Schatz 407). These and other independent and freelance artists (such as Alfred Hitchcock and Fritz Lang)...
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes destry rides again, mr smith goes to washington, and the fall of the hollywood studio system.
- Analyzes how the haphazard production of destry rides again and its subsequent success (financially, but not as an enduring classic film) indicate the decline of the studio system.
- Analyzes how independent artists like alfred hitchcock and fritz lang turned the tide against the studios until the balance of power was tipped in favor of the individual filmmakers.
- Analyzes how universal came under a completely new ownership during the second half of the 1930s. the new owner, j. cheever cowdin, set up robert h. cochrane and charles r. rogers in charge of universal.
- Analyzes how destry rides again was a product of the studio system, but it also defied industry standards. it was received at the time and is remembered with admiration, though rarely with respect.
- Analyzes how david selznick, after years at various studios, formed his own film production company in 1935.
- Analyzes how mr. smith goes to washington is patriotic and advocates democracy to the point of absurdity. it paved the way for his success in destry rides again.
- Explains that the hollywood studio system of early film was a difficult industry for so-called independents like david o. selznick due to its "fundamentally collaborative" nature.
- Analyzes how stewart's work with frank capra, destry rides again, and alfred hitchcock paved the way for his career.
- Analyzes how destry rides again is a classic western film, but critics and writers dismiss it as mindless fluff and escapist entertainment.
- Analyzes how mr. smith goes to washington is honored and respected as a film which upholds democracy, which in the case of this film is simplistically equated with the state and practice of being american.
- Analyzes how the reviews of destry rides again mistakenly credit the producer joe pasternak with the role of director, while george marshall was, in fact, the director.
- Analyzes how destry rides again advocates democracy and blind devotion to colonialist ideals as strongly as, though with greater subtly than, mr. smith goes to washington.
- Analyzes how the historical and political functions of these films can be seen by their positionality in the history of the film industry, the fall of hollywood studio system, and the rise of independent, more flexible mode of producing films.
- Explains that "destry rides again, 6 december 1939". variety: a sixteen volume set.
- Cites wright, william, six guns and society: a structural study of the western, berkeley, los angeles, london, university of california press.
- Narrates nugent's "mr. smith goes to washington, 11 october 1939". variety: a sixteen volume set.
3545 wordsRead More - How does Sunset Boulevard represent the Hollywood Studio System?analytical essaySunset Boulevard directed by Billy Wilder in 1950 is based on how Norma Desmond, a huge Hollywood star, deals with her fall from fame. The film explores the fantasy world in which Norma is living in and the complex relationship between her and small time writer Joe Gillis, which leads to his death. Sunset Boulevard is seen as lifting the ‘face’ of the Hollywood Studio System to reveal the truth behind the organisation. During the time the film was released in the 1950s and 60s, audiences started to see the demise of Hollywood as cinema going began to decline and the fierce competition of television almost proved too much for the well established system. Throughout this essay I will discuss how Sunset Boulevard represents the Hollywood Studio System, as well as exploring post war literature giving reasons as to why the system began to crumble.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how sunset boulevard is based on how norma desmond, a huge hollywood star, deals with her fall from fame and the complex relationship between her and small time writer joe gillis, which leads to his death.
- Analyzes how the narrative of sunset boulevard represents the hollywood studio system. the audience is introduced to joe gillis, a script writer struggling to pay his rent.
- Analyzes how joe pitches a script idea to paramount's producer, emphasising the demise of the studio system and its funds.
- Analyzes how the film's main focus represents the hollywood star system to which norma desmond is a victim of.
- Analyzes how the focus of norma's fame is a recurring theme throughout the film to emphasise the extent to which fame has affected her and her life.
- Analyzes how joe gillis' quote highlights the ‘real’ hollywood in sunset boulevard. the film pays reference to writers and producers of the system to show the audience what goes on behind the scenes and the extent of people involved in major film productions.
- Analyzes how the audience sees a studio set, plenty of lighting, cameras, actors, and the famous director played by demille. betty and joe walk around paramount pictures whereby set's are being created.
- Analyzes how the film refers to the star system when norma goes through an extensive beauty regime including skin peels, laser treatment and waxing to appear younger and healthier.
- Analyzes how norma's insanity and fantasy world is pushed to the test when she eventually kills joe. representations of the hollywood studio system are evident in the scenes to follow.
- Analyzes how the film represents hollywood, now they will focus on post-war literature to highlight the demise of the system during the release of sunset boulevard.
- Analyzes how lifestyle changes amongst society also took its toll on hollywood, as cinema going started to decline. after the war people had more spare time and leisure activities to participate in.
- Argues that the introduction of television was a major feature in the demise of the system, as television sets allowed families to enjoy entertainment from the comfort of their own homes.
- Explains how hollywood kept fighting to save the well established system by participating in innovative and creative ideas to win their audiences back to the theatres.
- Explains that hollywood began to produce 'runaway' films, which meant that american films were shot on location in foreign countries to reduce costs on sets and labour. the studio system collapsed under threats of political power, television, rising independent production, and, perhaps most serious, loss of the exhibition chains.
- Concludes that sunset boulevard represents a great example of the hollywood studio system as it focuses on the star system within hollywood and how fame can be damaging to individuals.
- Describes the works of richard maltby, david a. cook, daniel bordwell, and kristin thompson.
1891 wordsRead More