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The declaration of independence easy
The declaration of independence easy
The declaration of independence easy
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American Declaration of Independence and the French Declaration of Rights
Few political documents have affected the world quite like the American Declaration of Independence or the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. The repercussions of each have had a profound effect on world history up to this point. But why did these documents have such an effect? The answer lies in the common philosophical backgrounds of the two. The writings of Rousseau, Locke and Montesquieu all contained ideas that were later used by Thomas Jefferson and the National Assembly to compose the two documents.
Rousseau's ideas of a social contract, which states that the general will and the people were sovereign, and if a king abuses the liberty of the people they have a right and a duty to dissolve the current government and create a new one (McKay, 581), were central to both documents. Jefferson had Rousseau's ideas in mind when he wrote the Declaration of Independence. The history of the present King of Great Britain [George III] is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these states...a prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people...we therefore...solemnly publish and declare, that these United Colonies are...independent states... (Jefferson, 1-2). The reasons, such as suspension of colonial legislatures, impressment of American sailors and the importation of mercenaries (Jefferson, 2), given for the dissolution of the political connections that the American and British people have held for over 100 years all relate to the King's tyrannical tendencies and the peoples right to choose a different government. The edict also states that although petitions of grievances were issued, the King turned a deaf ear.
The Declaration of the Rights of Man is not only built on the social contract, but also on Rousseau's idea of general will of the people. He defines the general will as being, "Sacred and absolute, reflecting the common interests of the people, who have displaced the monarch as the holder of the sovereign powers. (McKay, 581)" Passing and enforcing arbitrary laws are considered to be an act of tyranny and a substantial reason, according to Rousseau, to declare the current government void and establish a new one. Article VII clearly states that arbitrary laws and orders cannot exist.
Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008) Standards of conduct, performance and ethics for nurses and midwives
Furthermore, short staffing affects the quality direct care each patient receives. The National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention (2012) states an estimated 98,000 individuals die every year from medical errors in the United States. One out of many significant tasks nurses do within their scope of practice is medication administration. Research shows a relationship between short staffing on medication errors: the longer the hours nurses work, the higher the chances of medication errors (Garnett, 2008). (include definition of medication error) Administering medications requires knowledge of patient rights, pharmacological information on the drug, adverse effects, proper dosage calculations, and hospital protocols. When nurses are assigned more patients, they are pressured to give due medications on time. Sometimes due to hunger or fatigue, nurses give the wrong medication to the wrong patient (Frith, Anderson, Tseng, & Fong, 2012).
...hat documents such as "Grievances of the Third Estate" called for, writings such as "Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens" passed into law. The former document contained many Enlightenment ideals and beliefs, which had a strong influence on the legal documents that came after. Equal application of taxes, guaranteed rights and liberties for all citizens, and an equality of every citizen before just laws were all things that the leading thinkers and writers of the Enlightenment believed in. These beliefs in turn inspired and influenced many who went on to see that these and other ideals were made not just ideals, but laws.
Nursing and Midwifery Council. (2004). The NMC code of professional conduct: standards for conduct, performance and ethics. London.
This Declaration was a groundbreaker in the start of the French Revolution. Many events occurred during the time leading to the formation and issuance of this declaration. During this time of the French Revolution, France was undergoing a recession from the war. There were food shortages and financial crises among the working class along with the nation adding to the revolt of the French people. France was under the rule of the absolute monarchy of the time, King Louis XVI. The National Assembly was formed with the intent to hopefully change the economical system the occurred during the time to stop the occurring crises. The “Declaration of Man and Citizen” and the “United States Declaration of Independence” share many of the basis points including human rights to basic freedoms and liberties as well as the pursuit of a just tax system.
First, I outlined my arguments about why being forced to be free is necessary. My arguments supporting Rousseau’s ideas included; generally accepted ideas, government responsibility, and responsibility to the government. Second, I entertained the strongest possible counterargument against forced freedom, which is the idea that the general will contradicts itself by forcing freedom upon those who gain no freedom from the general will. Lastly, I rebutted the counterargument by providing evidence that the general will is always in favor of the common good. In this paper I argued in agreement Rousseau that we can force people to be
Medication administration is an essential nursing skill that involves careful planning, numerous checks, and continuing supervision. This is because medication administration is one of the most common and recurrent mistakes that can occur in the healthcare setting (Australian Commission of Safety and Quality in Health Care, 2013). This then necessitates reflection through the description, evaluating, analysis, and planning to improve nursing practice (Gibbs, 1988).
Medications are taken to diagnose, treat, and prevent illness. They come in many different forms and can be taken in several different ways. In a hospital, the job of administering medication is performed by registered nurses. Medications can be very dangerous though they are meant to improve your health, therefore nurses must be taught and perform the proper steps in this procedure. This set of instructions will inform anyone that is unaware of how to administer medication about the correct way to perform the task.
To successfully provide care to a patient the nurse must administer many different types of medications. Medication errors are one of the leading causes of avoidable harm to patients. There are many medications that have serious consequences if an incorrect dose is delivered. Administering some medications simultaneously can also cause serious reactions. Facilities attempt different initiatives to decrease these errors. Ultimately, it is up to the nurse to be educated on the medications they will be administering and ensure that the medication is administered correctly and accurately.
Medication administration is a very important part of a registered nurses’ job. Multiple medications, patient issues, and technology all contribute to the complexity of medication administration. A medication error is defined as ‘any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm while the medication is in the control of the health care professional, patient, or consumer’. In addition an error can also be the wrong drug, route, dose, preparation, time, technique, or documentation. Errors can be a serious problem for patients’ health. (Härkänen, Ahonen, Kervinen, Turunen, & Vehviläinen-Julkunen, 2015)
Avoid abbreviation, symbols, acronyms, labels, and container should be different, Pre-Screening for marketing, no misleading marketing or no sound-a-like, look-a-like products and Meds error Surveillance. Using pharmaceutical companies, Med Watch, Institute for Safe Medication Practices Communication, Division of Drug Information and available literature to watch over the industry for errors. The Journal of Nursing Care Quality and the British Journal suggest less interruption to practice the rights of med administration, prioritizing interruption during med pass and delegating the task, educate nurses on adverse effect and patient teaching, monitoring of meds and systematic approach to facilitate communication between health-care professional will all minimize med error. In Reference to my personal experience, the correction approach I suggested was for that new grad to consult with her proctor as far as nursing protocol about telephone orders and seek the second opinion of the veteran nurse. Mayo Clinic and the American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy solutions to approach med error
John Locke’s social contract theory applies to all types of societies in any time era. Although, Jean-Jacques Rousseau did write during the Renaissance era, his philosophy limits itself to fix the problem of an absolute monarchy and fails to resolve other types of societies. These philosophers have such profound impacts on modern day societies. For example, the United States’ general will is codified in the Constitution and Bill of Rights, meanwhile individual rights are distinguished in the Declaration of
The articles all went in depth about ensuring that nurses are following the five rights: right patient, right medication, right time, right dose, and right route. If the nurse is aware of the five rights many errors with the distribution of medications can be prevented. Nazarko (2015) suggests that having a picture of the resident in their eMAR will decrease the instances of the wrong patient getting the wrong medication. She also discusses the importance of knowing if patients have any swallowing problems that would interfere with the patient getting the correct dose of a medication. Agyemang and While (2010) focus mainly on the causes of medication errors, emphasizing on personal factors and organizational factors. They discuss that errors do not depend solely on the nurse but instead majority of medication errors are a result of an illegible prescription. Wright (2014) spends most of her article discussing how staff is not following proper policies and procedures leading to errors in administration of medications. She also goes in depth about checking a patient’s medication list every few years to ensure that they still require the
When one decides to become a nurse, they are expected to uphold certain Standards of Care. Standards of Care lay a foundation all nurses need to achieve and sets guidelines for roles they must fulfill. One very important role of a nurse is to safely, competently, and correctly administer medications to their patient. However, with increasing workloads and lack of knowledge, medication errors are steadily rising. Meaning, we are left with an even greater need for Medication Error Awareness.
London is the home of British fashion designers who have influenced fashion trend around the world. British fashion designers were believed by fashion designers around the world that British fashion designers stimulate the fashion trend. However they have one style which is more powerful than others and that is ‘street fashion’. Research shows that Street Fashion became popular between 1960 and 1970 (Tucker, Andrew, 1998). The style emerged from teenagers who lived during World War Two. This is because during the war, there were not many items to use and the government was forced to ration its citizens such as individuals had to divide some foods and clothes together. That why after the second World War, many young people tried to dissociate