Amebiasis
Amebiasis was first described as a disease by a Russian physician, F.
Losch, in 1875 (Anderson, 3). The history of amebiasis has centered on
the relationship of amebas found in the intestinal tract of mammals
and the role they play in causing disease (4). During the first half
of this century, the study of amebiasis has evolved from a disease
thought to be purely tropical and one that didn't necessarily require
concern to one that is "practically cosmopolitan in its distribution"
worldwide and easily treatable (Anderson, 6-8).
Amebiasis indicates presence of Endamoeba histolytica, a protozoan in
the class Rhizopoda, and it implies that certain invasion of the
intestinal tract, especially the colon and liver, has occurred (MDE,
1). Endamoeba histolytica is a pathogen that is capable of invading
and destroying the host's tissue without the aid of pathogenic
bacteria (Anderson, 8). It is a typically single-celled parasite whose
body consists of cytoplasm, nucleus or nuclei, ingested materials, and
vacuoles (Craig, 13).
Endamoeba histolytica has four stages in its life cycle: the
trophozoite or motile stage, the precystic stage, the cystic stage,
and the metacystic stage (Anderson, 39). The trophic ameba is
especially adapted for life in the tissues of its host. The ameba
passes out of the body of the human host in the feces into the
external environment in its precystic form (39). The cystic form of
the Endamoeba histolytica is the resistant form of the pathogen, and
it exists free in nature (40). The metacystic stage is basically the
reproductive stage, where each nuclei divides into two daughter
nuclei. These...
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... excrement (Craig, 311). Therefore, prohibiting use of human
feces as fertilizer; keeping insects out of food supplies; keeping
water supply free of pollutants; and finally, disposing sewage safely
all ensures the prevention of transmission of amebiasis.
References
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Anderson, Hamilton H. 1953. Amebiasis: Pathology, Diagnosis, and
Chemotherapy.
Charles C Thomas, Illinois.
Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 1998. Amebiasis Infection.
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/amebias.htm
Craig, Charles F. 1934. Amebiasis and Amebic Dysentery. Charles C
Thomas, Illinois.
Medical Data Exchange. 1998. Amebiasis.
http://www.thriveonline.com/health/Library/
illsymp/illness10.html
Thomas, Clayton L. 1985. Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary. F.A.
Davis
Company, Philadelphia.
Olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) was first described in 1900 by Dejerine and Thomas. OPCA is a group of dominant inheritance and sporadic neurological disorders characterized by a chronic, progressive, cerebellar ataxia that begins in middle age. The cerebellum and its connections are the primary sites of the disease in chronic progressive disorders that often occur in familial or hereditary patterns. Postmortem studies indicate an atrophy of the cerebellum, pons, and inferior olives. This neuropathological neuronal cell loss permits classification of OPCA as a non-Alzheimer’s neurodegenerative illness.
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United States. Surgeon-General's, Office, J. K. Barnes, J. M. Woodworth, E. McClellan, J. C. Peters, J. S. Billings, President United States, and Service United States. Public Health. The Cholera Epidemic of 1873 in the United States. 43d Cong., 2d Sess. House. Ex. Doc. 95. U.S. Government Printing Office, 1875.
On September 18th and the weeks following, a multitude of letters containing the Bacillus Anthracis bacterium were mailed to various New York news stations. Individuals at 5 different stations became ill with similar symptoms that included vomiting and shortness of breath. This began the nationwide panic known as the Amerithrax Investigation. The Amerithrax investigation was said to be the worst biological attacks in all of US History. Three weeks later, on October 9th, two more letters, containing the anthrax bacterium was mailed to two Democratic senators. In all of the 7 attacks, over 22 people developed infections, over half being life-threatening. The letters themselves confused federal investigators. In the sets of letters addressed to the media, certain T’s and A’s were bolded. When added together, the groups of letters formed 3 codons that corresponded to 3 amino acids. These amino acids pointed federal investigators towards a possible culprit, Bruce Edwards Ivins, a scientist for the US government in Frederick, Maryland.
"Bloodborne Pathogens : MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia." U.S National Library of Medicine. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 09 Feb. 2014.
U.S. National Library of Medicine, 26 Sept. 2011. Web. The Web. The Web. 19 Nov. 2013.
... Medicine. 3rd ed. Vol.3. Detroit: Gale, 2006.2139-2141. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 3 Apr. 2014.
JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association. 14 Nov. 2001: 2322. Academic Search Complete. Web.
While sitting around your house, watching television, you notice that you have been scratching your arm and in between your fingers for a little while. After taking a closer look you notice something that you assume is a rash and just ignore it. The next day however you notice that the rash has spread and that you think you see burrows in your skin. Then it hits you, the weekend that you spent away on vacation in that not so expensive hotel to save a couple of dollars has now cost you more money in the long run. You must go see your doctor to be treated for scabies!
one in which the host animal can live for a long enough time for the parasite to
Dutch disease is a phenomenon that occurs when a country experiences a resource boom (Bimenyimana & Vallée, 2011). This may be due to a major discovery or to a significant increase in the price of the resource (Bimenyimana & Vallée, 2011). Thus, there is a high demand for the currency of the that country, which causes it to appreciate (Bimenyimana & Vallée, 2011). Subsequently, the manufacturing sector suffers a decline, both in output and employment, because the local manufacturers have a difficulty competing domestically and abroad (Bimenyimana & Vallée, 2011). It becomes a “disease” when the manufacturing sector is unable to rebound following the end of the resource boom (Beine, Bos, & Coulombe, 2012). This phenomenon was first observed in the Netherlands during the 1960s (Bimenyimana & Vallée, 2011).
Ed. David Zieve. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 26 Feb. 2014. Web. The Web.
WHO, W. H. (2008). Tradtional Medicine. available at http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs134/en/ retrieved on 9-11-11 at 10:30 pm.
"MedlinePlus - Health Information from the National Library of Medicine." National Library of Medicine - National Institutes of Health. Web. 06 Mar. 2011.