13) Mohs hardness: 2,5 The pure metal is soft, but its alloys are hard. Chemical Properties 1) Corrosion resistant Aluminum resists corrosion by forming a self-protecting oxide coating. 2) Reaction with air aluminum + oxygen ---> aluminum oxide 4Al(s) + 3O2(g) ---> 2Al2O3(s) 3) Reaction with water aluminum + steam ---> aluminum oxide + hydrogen 2Al(s) + 3H2O(g) ---> Al2O3(s) + 3H2(g) 4) Reaction with halogens aluminum + chlorine ---> aluminum(III) chloride 2Al(s) + 3Cl2(g) → 2AlCl3(s) aluminum + bromine ---> aluminum(III) bromide 2Al(s) + 3Br2(l) → Al2Br6(s) aluminum + iodine ---> aluminum(III) iodide 2Al(s) + 3I2(s) → Al2I6(s) 5) Reaction with dilute acids aluminum + nitric acid ---> aluminum nitrate + hydrogen 2Al(s) + 6HNO3(aq) ---> 2Al(NO3)3(aq) + 3H2(g) aluminum + sulphuric acid ---> aluminum sulphate + hydrogen 2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) ---> Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2(g) aluminum + hydrochloric acid ---> aluminum chloride + hydrogen 2Al(s) + 6HCl(aq) ---> 2AlCl3(aq) + 3H2(g) 6) Reaction with bases aluminum + sodium hydroxide + water ---> sodium aluminate + hydrogen 2Al(s) + 2NaOH(aq) +6H2O(l) ---> 2NaAl(OH)4(aq) + 3H2(g) 7) Aluminothermic reaction iron(III) oxide + aluminum ---> iron + aluminum oxide Fe2O3(s) + 2Al(s) ---> 2Fe(s) + Al2O3(s) 8) non-toxic 9) By combining copper, silicon or magnesium, one gets an alloy with a great strength Corrosion Aluminum has very good corrosion resistance in most environments. This is because aluminum resists corrosion by forming a self-protecting oxide layer that prevents further oxidation. Natural corrosion: Aluminum does not corrode with air, thanks to its thin, transparent layer of a... ... middle of paper ... ...n that time people called aluminum "Metal of Kings". The price for aluminum in 1852 was 1200$, while gold price was just 664$. It is because aluminum was very expensive to produce, but later people found a new way to produce it and gold became more valuable. 5) Aluminum is commonly used in fireworks and sparklers because it produces sparks and white flames. 6) When aluminum is polished, it is even more reflective than mirror glass. 7) Archaeologists found jewelry that contain 85% aluminum in the tomb of the 3rd Century Chinese general Chou-Chu. Nobody knows how the ornament was produced. 8) By recycling one aluminum can, an amount of energy, that is enough to run a tv for 3 hours, is produced. In 1996, aluminum recycling saved enough energy to power Pittsburgh for over 6 years. 9) Every three months, Americans discard enough aluminum to build one commercial airplane.
Aluminum is the third most abundant element and most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust. Aluminum is never found in the free element state in nature. It
Alloys in the ornament manufacturing are a general use of gold. Because of it is...
An atom, by definition, is the smallest part of any substance. The atom has three main components that make it up: protons, neutrons, and electrons. The protons and neutrons are within the nucleus in the center of the atom. The electrons revolve around the nucleus in many orbitals. These orbitals consist of many different shapes, including circular, spiral, and many others. Protons are positively charged and electrons are negatively charged. Protons and electrons both have charge of equal magnitude (i.e. 1.602x10-19 coulombs). Neutrons have a neutral charge, and they, along with protons, are the majority of mass in an atom. Electron mass, though, is negligible. When an atom has a neutral charge, it is stable.
Nickel is one of the most important elements on the periodic table. It has plenty of history, as well as a huge importance to society. Its has unique chemical, physical, and geological properties. Nickel is used commercially in abundance, as it is used anywhere from simple art products such as ceramics to complex structures such as tubing for desalination plants. It is even used in the American five-cent coin, the "nickel".Nickel was discovered by Axel Fredrik Cronstedt, in Sweden, during the year 1751.
Between 1999 and 2000, there is a Y2K bug with the computers and many other electronic items because of the early setting with the computer program. People set the year with only two digits in the computer program, as the changing of the year 1999 to 2000, the digit will change from “99” to “00” which might cause the confusion of the data storage and might change from “1999” back to “1900” or “19100”(See [1]). As this might have a big influence to the society, the price of the gold also might have a big change. Therefore in the article, Swart gave out the example of the changes of gold’s price between 1999 to 2000 because of the scare from Y2K and the millennium fever. The use of financial concepts and Linear Algebra tells the readers about how the price can be changes at that period of time. The difference of the increasing or reducing the price of gold for $1 will cause the huge difference of profit after 2000. So the business needs to determine a price of gold that fair to both customers and the business. Swart uses the...
Stainless steel, especially, Austenitic stainless steel, because of their high corrosion resistance and customizable mechanical properties has become an indispensable part of the regularly evolving modern day technology. Stainless steels of various grades find applications in numerous fields starting from the household to the nuclear reactors; from food and beverage cans to construction of different automobile parts. The formation of impervious oxide layer on the surface makes it suitable for use in adverse environments such as sea water.
Based on Laurel Nesbit, a program assistant in the Office of Sustainability here at UF, our campus manages to utilize 470,000 Megawatts of energy annually. This figure is generated from all the energy-consuming gadgets that operate on our campus on a daily bases. These gadgets include computers that are left turned on over the night even they are not in use, copiers, and the fume hoods in our laboratories. Admittedly, the success and the health of wellbeing of the students is contingent upon some of these equipment. For instance, the laboratories need the fume hoods in order to keep the experimenters safe. Instead of casting these necessities away, we can develop alternatives which will be capable of generating energy in order to compensate for the electricity that we endlessly
The usage of gold is not limited to banks and jewelry industry. This metal is also usable to a wide array of industries, such a medicine, electronics, dentistry, and aerospace.
By adding up to 2%,of carbon it makes the steel tough and strong. Although it’s tough and strong, it is able to bend. To make sure that the metal doesn’t rust, it has a zinc coating on it. Iron is 26 on the periodic table,and considered an “transition metal,” meaning that it is ductile and malleable, and conduct electricity and heat. ... “Some other elements that are similar to iron are cobalt and nickel. They are the only elements known to produce a magnetic field.” Zinc is 30 on the periodic table and it is also a transition metal like iron. “The first iron used by humans is likely to have come from meteorites.” A meteorite is a meteor that survives its passage through the earth's atmosphere such that part of it strikes the ground. More than 90 percent of meteorites are of rock, while the remainder consist wholly or partly of iron and nickel. Meteors are believed to have been from the asteroid belt of Mars and
Recycling is one of the easiest ways to save energy for all the living things on Earth. Recycling save energy because using recyclable items that are not recycled can take a lot of energy. Recycling often saves energy because the products being recycled usually require much less processing to turn them into usable materials. Sometimes recycling can also save energy for goods which is
Gold, nothing can compare to this precious metal. A symbol of wealth and prosperity, it has been a value for explorers and adventurers and a lure for conquerors. Today it is vital to commerce and finance; popular in ornamentation, and increasing importance in technology.
"Using GMAW-P with Aluminum and Stainless Steel." - TheFabricator.com. Kodi Welch, 05 Nov. 2013. Web. 28 Apr. 2014.
There are many bumps and flaws in the business of chemistry as in the trying times for the Gold industries,13th Century through the 15th Century. Although Pope John XXII issued an edict against gold-making, the gold business continued. Despite the alchemists' efforts, transmutation of cheap metals to gold never happened within this time period.
This process saves energy, and conserves resources by reducing the amount of renewable resources that would normally end up in a landfill or in an incinerator. These recycling plants “increase jobs in manufacturing while simultaneously increasing the Unite State’s competitiveness in industry. ”(Recycling | Reduce, Reuse, Recycle | US EPA.) There are also several long term benefits of recycling. For example, “collecting and processing secondary materials, manufacturing recy... ...