2.2.2.3.2.5 Anthocyanidins
Anthocyanidins are plant pigments which give reddish pigmentation of fruits and vegetables. They have a general structure as shown in the right side. Their antioxidant activity helps the body to oxidize of harmful compounds and provide immunity to body. Some of the Anthocyanidins are Cyanidin, Delphidin, Malvidin etc. In Cyanidin R1 and R2 are substituted by OH and H, Delphidin by OH and OH, Malvidin both by OCH3.
Delphidin has shown to be apoptois inducer in cancer cell lines through JNK signaling pathway, which explains their cancer prevention activity by their anti-proliferative action [54. Hou DX et .al 2003 and 55. Yeh CT and Yen GC, 2005]. Delphidin and Cyanidin have accounted to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) pathway, an important target in inflammation, that stresses the anti-inflammatory effect of these compounds [56. Hou DX et .al 2005]. Refer Table 3 for list of Anthocyanidins present in different plants.
Table 3: List of Different Plenolic acids along with their sub class and spices they are present in.
2.2.2.3.2.6 Isoflavones
Isofla...
Lasix is known as the “water pill” it’s a diuretic administrated orally.(1) The active ingredient of Lasix is furosemide, but also includes a number of inactive ingredients including lactose monohydrate NF, magnesium stearate NF, starch NF, talc USP, and colloidal silicon dioxide NF. (1) The peak effects of furosemide are typically seen within the first hour of two after a dose of the medication. (1). Lasix is prescribed for individuals to treat edema that may arise from congestive heart failure, liver cirrhosis or renal disease. (1) In adults, furosemide may also be taken to treat hypertension itself.(1) Furosemide comes in 20, 40, and 80mg tablets as well as oral suspensions.(2) Furosemide is absorbed rapidly from oral suspension at 50 minutes, and from tablets at 87 minutes.(2) Food may slow down the absorption of the drug and alter the bioavalibitly.(1) Furosemide binds to plasma proteins, albumin being the main plasma protein that furosemide binds to, at 91-99%, and peak plasma concentrations increase with the increase of a single dose.(2) Furosemide is excreted through the urine and the remainder is excreted in the feces. (2) The half-life for furosemide is approximately 2 hours but the diuretic effects last 6-8 hours. (2)
Throughout human history people have sought experiences that somehow transcend every day life. Some sort of wisdom that might progress their knowledge of self and of the world that they live in. For some reason they believed that the tangible world just could not be all there is to life. Some believed in a greater force that controlled them, some believed of invisible beings that influenced their lives, some of an actual other world that paralleled their own. Many of these people also believed that it was possible to catch a glimpse of these forces, beings, or worlds through a variety of means that propel individuals into altered states of consciousness. These techniques include meditation, hypnosis, sleep deprivation, and (what will be discussed here) psychoactive drugs, more specifically psychedelic drugs.
26. Chanda Sumitra, Dudhatra Sandeep , Kaneria Mital. Antioxidative and antibacterial effects of seeds and fruit rind of nutraceutical plants belonging to the Fabaceae family. Journal of The Royal Society of Chemistry 2010.
According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is categorized as a hallucinogen, psychedelic, and a psychotomimetic. LSD is not as commonly used like nicotine and heroin but is still prevalent in the world today. This drug has been around for many years taking users to different worlds and giving a whole new sight on the world around us. Despite the fact LSD is an illegal drug, without it certain movies, songs, and art would not be around that many people know and love today. Many drugs do not have much of a benefitting effect, but LSD does have a few, along with some bad effects as well. Ever since the creation of LSD, scientists have been gaining knowledge of the effects it has on the human body and also the effects on society once it was released to the public.
the left of a pair of crystals that are a mirror image of each other.
Black elderberries (Sambucus nigra L.), a deciduous shrub is often used as a traditional medicine, and it is used for common cold and influenza. The bioactive chemical of Sambucus nigra is the anthocyanins. Anthocyanins, plant colorants that responsible for colors such as red, purple, or blue, and in addition, it also provides various health benefits. Studies have shown that anthocyanins for animal and in vitro have decreased necrotic and apoptotic cell death and lower the infarct risks through anti-inflammatory and relaxant effects on coronary arteries. Krawitz and colleagues conducted a study to find out if a standardized elderberry liquid extract will work against bacterial infections and influenza types A and B. They investigated the ability of the extract of elderberries to weaken or decrease the growth of of human pathogenic influenza A and B virus strains. Krawitz and colleagues worked with A/Thailand/KAN-1/2004 (KAN-1, H5N1) and B/Massachusetts/71 (B/Mass) in cell culture.
Ishikawa, T., Takayanagi, T. and Kitajima, J. (2002) Water-soluble constituents of cumin: monoterpenoid glucosides. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo), 50, 1471-8.
Hallucinogens or psychedelics are mind-altering drugs, which affect the mind’s perceptions, causing bizarre, unpredictable behavior, and severe, sensory disturbances that may place users at risk of serious injuries or death. Hallucinogens powerfully affect the brain, distorting the way our five senses work and changes our impressions of time and space. People who use these drugs a lot may have a hard time concentrating, communicating, or telling the difference between reality and illusion. Hallucinogens cause people to experience - you guessed it - hallucinations, imagined experiences that seem real. The word "hallucinate" comes from Latin words meaning, "to wander in the mind."
Design: Botanical chemical constituents were identified from the Natural Products Alert Database for the periods coverings at least 1975 through 2003. This database includes
Imagine a cold, unheated apartment in the middle of Hollywood. A bachelor sized apartment. No pictures hanging on the wall, a mattress in the middle of the floor, a hard back folding chair sitting in the middle of the room, a few kitchen utensils and some old pots and pans laid on and around the kitchen stove with no place to go. You could hear the traffic zooming by on Franklin Avenue. When you opened the door with your key, you could see cockroaches running about on the walls and the floors. It felt was cold and smelled awful. The first time I was visited by my then boyfriend, I watched him shoot cocaine, and kept a careful eye on where all the cockroaches were headed. It wasn't long before I allowed him to shoot me up also. It happened in that apartment, the place two sick, suffering addicts, my boyfriend and I, called home. This is the place I remember when I think about taking another drink again. By God's grace, I will never have to go back there again. Thirteen years later, I am still so grateful for my sobriety and abstinence from all mind-altering drugs. I'd like to tell a bit of my story and a bit of my recovery. The feeling I got after cocaine went through my veins, into my brain was like nothing I'd ever felt before. It was sure ecstasy. My body convulsed as the drug took its effect. Time was no longer a part of my world.
Psychedelic drugs are harmless when it comes to its use in modern medicine. If anything, psychedelic drugs could save more than harm. Through the small number of clinical studies that have been done on psychedelic assisted psychotherapy for people with mental disorders, every single one concluded with great promise in its role in modern medicine. The intense control that researchers put onto these studies such as who can participate, how drugs are administered, how the setting is set up, and the in depth follow ups, proves to show that in a controlled setting, abuse with this drug won’t happen. In terms of adverse long term effects after use of this drug, the data is nonexistent. The benefits of psychedelics used in psychotherapy outrageously
R.coriaria (Table 1). The most chemical composition group in Rhus species was hydrolysable tannins derivatives, flavonoid derivatives and other compounds (Bursal and Köksal, 2011; Kosar et al., 2007b; Zalacain et al., 2003). In totally, 40.83% of chemical compounds was allocated to hydrolysable tannins, 30.89% to flavonoid, 4.71% to anthocyanin, isoflavonoid and terpenoid, 0.52% to diterpene, 19.89% to other compounds and finally 1.04% to unknown compounds (Fig.
Hallucinogenic drugs are psychoactive substances that have been used by ancient cultures, but are feared by the modern day man. Hallucinogens are also known as psychotomimetic, psychedelics, or when used spiritually, entheogens.
Psychedelic Drugs and their use to treat mental health can be a controversial topic to many but just like every topic there can be several ways to look at the issue. Before one makes a decision on which drugs they can be bad and harmful, they should first look at every aspect of the drug and understand how they might help people who are struggling with mental issues and disorders. It is important that we look at the positives as well as the negative effects of these type of drugs in order to get the full view of their effects. In a journal co-written by József Rácz, he states “Psychoactive drug use shows great diversity” however “due to a disproportionate focus” upon “problematic drug use… remains an understudied phenomenon.” The article continues