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Albert Einstein's contributions to the world
Albert einstein contribution to physics
Albert einstein contribution to physics
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Albert Einstein
Of all the scientists to emerge from the nineteenth and twentieth
centuries there is one whose name is known by almost all living people.
While most of these do not understand this man's work, everyone knows that
its impact on the world of science is astonishing. Yes,many have heard of
Albert Einstein's General Theory of relativity, but few know about the
intriguing life that led this scientist to discover what some have called,
"The greatest single achievement of human thought."
Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany on March 14, 1874. Before his first
birthday, his family had moved to Munich where young Albert's father,
Hermann Einstein, and uncle set up a small electro-chemical business. He
was fortunate to have an excellent family with which he held a strong
relationship. Albert's mother, Pauline Einstein, had an intense passion for
music and literature, and it was she that first introduced her son to the
violin in which he found much joy and relaxation. Also, he was very close
with his younger sister, Maja, and they could often be found in the lakes
that were scattered about the countryside near Munich.
As a child, Einstein's sense of curiosity had already begun to stir. A
favorite toy of his was his father's compass, and he often marveled at his
uncle's explanations of algebra. Although young Albert was intrigued by
certain mysteries of science, he was considered a slow learner. His failure
to become fluent in German until the age of nine even led some teachers to
believe he was disabled.
Einstein's post-basic education began at the Luitpold Gymnasium when
he was ten. It was here that he first encountered the German spirit through
the school's strict disciplinary policy. His disapproval of this method of
teaching led to his reputation as a rebel. It was probably these
differences that caused Einstein to search for knowledge at home. He began
not with science, but with religion. He avidly studied the Bible seeking
truth, but this religious fervor soon died down when he discovered the
intrigue of science and math. To him, these seemed much more realistic than
ancient stories. With this new knowledge he disliked class even more, and
was eventually expelled from Luitpold Gymnasium being considered a
disruptive influence.
Feeling that he could no longer deal with the German mentality,
Einstein moved to Switzerland where he continued his education. At sixteen
he attempted to enroll at the Federal Institute of Technology but failed
In Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll House, a drama written in the midst of an 1879, middle-class, suburban Europe, he boldly depicts a female protagonist. In a culture with concern for fulfilling, or more so portraying a socially acceptable image, Nora faces the restraints of being a doll in her own house and a little helpless bird. She has been said to be the most complex character of drama, and rightfully so, the pressure of strict Victorian values is the spark that ignites the play's central conflicts. Controversy is soon to arise when any social-norm is challenged, which Nora will eventually do. She evolves throughout the play, from submissive housewife to liberated woman. It seems as though what took women in America almost a century to accomplish, Nora does in a three-day drama. Ibsen challenges the stereotypical roles of men and women in a societally-pleasing marriage. He leads his readers through the journey of a woman with emerging strength and self-respect. Nora plays the typical housewife, but reveals many more dimensions that a typical woman would never portray in such a setting.
He was never a president of the United States, nor did he lead any army in a battle. He had no talent in public speaking, preferring to write out his thoughts on paper and for them to be read aloud by others. Yet in his day he was certainly one of the most well known celebrities, beloved in both the United States and through most of Europe. He is Benjamin Franklin, and he has become a symbol of American civilization.
Brecht, Bertolt. Brecht on Theatre: The Development of an Aesthetic. Hill & Wang New York,
In Aristophanes play Lysistrata, the women of Greece take on the men to stop the raging war between the Athenians and the Spartans. To stop the war, the women withhold sex from their male counterparts, and take over the Acropolis for themselves. The women are indeed triumphant in their goals to stop the war, and the Athenians and Spartans come to an understanding. What is blatantly ignored, however, is that Aristophanes creates a gender war that, although seemingly rejoices the actions of the women, instead mocks the women’s power-struggle in a male dominated society, focuses on the male-privilege seen throughout the entirety of the play, and should be disregarded in the fact that this play is not even from a women’s perspective.
Thucydides recounts the events that took place during the civil war in Corcyra. In the year 427 tensions between the Democrats and Oligarchs exploded into civil war, both sides hailing allies from all over the world for aid. At first the Oligarchs received aid from large a Peloponnesian naval fleet, which gave the democrats a scare. However, the Democrats receive back up from an ever-larger Athenian fleet, sending the Democrats into a killing frenzy of all who supported the Oligarchy. Thucydides describes the situation during the civil war in Corcyra by saying that the citizens are sharply divided into two camps, consisting of Democrats on one side and Oligarchs on the other. There is a complete lack of trust on both sides and traditional values and social norms are being completely disregarded. As stated by Thucydides “In war, due to the availability of opportunity aggressiveness rises to the surface” (3.82),
The play was considered comic by the ancient Athenians because of its rhyming lyricism, its song and dance, its bawdy puns, but most of all because the notion and methods of female empowerment conceived in the play were perfectly ridiculous. Yet, as is the case in a number of Aristophanes’ plays, he has presented an intricate vision of genuine human crisis. In true, comic form Aristophanes superficially resolves the play’s conflicts celebrating the absurdity of dramatic communication. It is these loose threads that are most rife with tragedy for modern reader. By exploring an ancient perspective on female domesticity, male political and military power, rape, and efforts to maintain the integrity of the female body, we can liberate our modern dialogue.
The United States education system would look quite different without the ideas brought to America by the German immigrants. Germany’s influence can be traced back to the beginning of our country. Their impact goes back to the first German settlement in 1608 at Jamestown, Pennsylvania. German immigrants to Colonial America brought with them their culture, traditions, and philosophy about education. Much of the formal education system currently in place in the United States has their roots in Germany. The German immigrants are responsible for the first kindergarten in America, introducing both physical and vocational education, and establishing a universal education for all students. They also had a strong impact on the beginning of universities in our country. The German people were deeply religious. These religious beliefs carried over into our new schools as our nation was formed. As far back as the 1700’s, the school was an avenue to establish superiority over other nationalities. This paper will investigate the influence that German immigrants have had on American education during the time when America was being colonized and onto later years . This paper will also examine how our modern education system has roots from the early German schools. It is my thesis that our modern education system has been strongly influenced by the German people that immigrated to America.
Einstein’s education was unconventional for a person who was to become a success. Early on, he was failing a large number of his courses; and he transferred from a German school at age fifteen to a Swiss school, so that he could avoid compulsive military service in the German armed forces. By the age of sixteen, he officially became a school dropout. His grade school principle made the statement to his parents, “it didn’t matter what profession the boy prepared for because he wo...
In The Visit by Friedrich Dürrenmatt you feel unattached and are constantly reminded that you are in fact watching a play, nothing else. Dürrenmatt constructs this play using Bertolt Brecht’s epic theatre, a twentieth-century theatrical movement that was a reaction against popular forms of theatre, Dürrenmatt uses epic theatre in his work, The Visit, because he wants his audience to analysis what is being said and done instead of what they see and hear. An intellectual audience member will make connections when watching an epic play.
In Anton Chekhov’s The Cherry Orchard, a unconventional but beautiful family heirloom is used as the focal point of the Ranevsky family crisis, bringing into focus everything from the changing political systems in late-19th-century Russia to the fall of the serf-feudal social structure to the family’s own emotional turmoil. The sale of the Ranevsky’s cherry orchard seems at first a very personal tragedy for the family and represents the loss of their memories and proud past, yet Chekhov is able to magnify this calamity and make it applicable to all of Russia; it is his method of foreshadowing. The loss of this prized symbol of the Ranevsky’s represents the loss of Russia imperial age as whole and its progression into the Bolshevik era, despite Chekhov never being alive to witness it. Ultimately however, Chekhov remains ambivalent about this change, and not only utilises the cherry orchard to illustrate this but a variety of contrasting characters that symbolise the old and new Russia.
King Lear is a tragic story by William Shakespeare is a story of a man King Lear and his decision that led to his fate and the fate of others. With every tragic story comes a tragic hero. The tragic hero of the story is King Lear. According to the definition of a tragic hero one must be born into nobility, endowed with a tragic flaw, doomed to make a serious error in judgement, fall from great heights or high esteem, realize they have made an irreversible mistake, and faces and accepts death with honor meets a tragic death. King Lear meets all of these qualities.
Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House, written in 1879, makes many bold statements about nineteenth century society. Ibsen uses his play to write about traditional marital roles, women’s independence, and crime. Each individual characters started out as one person and evolved into someone different by the end of the play, be it either good or bad.
Chekhov, Anton. The Cherry Orchard. Four Plays. Trans. David Magarshack. New York: Hill & Wang, 1969.
...ale counterparts are uncharacteristic of the stereotypical role that women served and their masculine-like actions are not representative of a woman’s role in ancient Greece. Aristophanes’ Lysistrata is inconceivable and it appears that the author ignored many issues in light of comedic attributes. However, the play, filled with misogynistic undertones, will remain a war-comic. There is no pro-feminist movement occurring within the confines of the play or in classical Greece. The female protagonist is an example of the dangers of role reversal that Katherine French and Allyson Poska highlight in Women and Gender in the Western Past and the false identification or hope that Lysistrata presents. A play noted for its entertainment value should not be used as a source for women’s history. Lysistrata is theatrically entertaining in value and should remain as such.
A tragic figure is often defined as an individual that is of noble birth, such as a king or other member of nobility. The individuals around them always respect them, however, they are often responsible for their own downfall, which will eventually lead to their death. Although the play King Lear can be considered one of William Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies, the character King Lear himself, lacks the ability to bring forth feelings of pity within the reader or viewer, thus causing Lear to fall short of also being Shakespeare’s greatest tragic figure. Lear is shown throughout the play as being an egotistical man, and he is seen executing a variety of actions that lead to the reader feeling hate instead of pity, a crucial element that makes a tragic figure.