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The New Negro: Alain Locke’s essay, “The New Negro” (1925)
Essays during harlem renaissance
African Americans in the 19th century America
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"Much of the creative work of the period was guided by the ideal of the Negro which signified
a range of ethical ideals that often emphasize and intensified a higher sense of group and social
cohesiveness... The writers ... literally expected liberation .... from their work and were perhaps
the first group of Afro- American writers to believe that art could radically transform the artist and
attitudes of other human beings".
- Dictionary of Literacy Biography
Alain Leroy Locke was on born on September 13 1886 in Philadelphia ,Pennsylvania to Mr. And
Mrs.Pliny Ishmael Locke and Mary Hawkinns Locke, as the only child he grew up in Philadelphia and
attended Central High School and attended the Philadelphia s School of Pedagogy, and later on in
Locke life he attended Harvard in 1904 where he graduated in 1907 with a outstanding
academic record that he became a member of Phi Beta Kappa. After graduating form Harvard, he
studied for three years from 1907 -1910 at Oxford University in England as the first black
Rhodes Scholar . While graduating from Oxford, he spent a year and the University of Berlin,
Pursuing advanced work in Philosophy. Locke began his career at Howard University in 1912
as an Assistant Professor of English and Philosophy. Locke was soon briefly broken in 1916 to
pursue a Doctorate Degree at Harvard University, eventually getting that degree in 1918 , Locke
returned to Howard as a Professor of Philosophy and remained at the University until he retired
in 1952.
Locke s involvement with the Renaissance touched a number of areas. Not only was he
involved with the visual arts and literature, but he was directly involved with the theater movement
through his association with the Theater Arts Monthly the Howard University Players (one of the
earliest Little Theater Groups among African Americans.)and with his collaboration with
Montgomery Gregory. One Such collaboration with Gregory resulted in the drama anthology,
Plays of Negro Life in 1927.
To varying degrees, Locke encouraged young black writers, scholar, and artists of the
as "the New Negro Movement" later the Harlem renaissance." The art today isn't really memorable
Du Bois graduated from Fisk in 1888, and entered Harvard as a junior. During college he preferred the company of Black students and Black Bostonians. He graduated from Harvard in 1890. Yet he felt that he needed further preparation and study in order to be able to apply "philosophy to an historical interpretation of race relations." He decided to spend another two years at the University of Berlin on a Slater Fund Fellowship.
John Locke (b.1632,d. 1704) was an influential British philosopher and political theorist whose philosophies and theories continue to inspire. He is often viewed as the founder of British Empiricism and one of the foundational influences of modern, liberal governments.
John Locke is the most influential character in American history, thought, and practice. Without the influence of his writings, America would not have the same foundation of unalienable Rights, stable governance, and quality of life. However, Locke remains widely unknown and unstudied by the newer generations of Americans. His most influential work, the Second Treatises of Government, laid the ground, both theoretically and institutionally, for the American system of government that has been enjoyed for over two centuries. His influence on the American way of thinking is made evident when examining the text of the Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution.
He later attended Harvard University where he received not only a law degree but he also received a Bachelor’s and Master’s Degree in Arts. In 1791 Adams took the bar where he passed and began his career as a lawyer in Boston. Quincy’s love for politics came from watching his father. Having a father that was a man of power allowed Quincy to gain a lot of political insight
Locke started his career teaching English at Howard University. Later on however, he became head of the Department of Philosophy. While he was working, he had developed some other interests in other fields as well. He liked music, art, literature, political theory, and anthropology to name a few.
Locke was an influential and intelligent thinker. Property and nature were highly recognized by Locke. That was more of his prized possession. He demonstrated the fight for rights and believed people were sovereign. Liberty rights, property rights and life rights. Locke believed that everyone should be treated equally. I a white person can do it, so can a black. If an African did it, so can an Asian. All rights were equal for everyone. Equality was a state of Locke’s that he tried to enlarge. No man was/is superior to another. He demonstrates freedom and individualism as well as regards to the bill of rights and
John Locke was born on august 29,1632 in the United Kingdom. He then died on October 28, 1704, his cause of death was supposedly a prolonged decline of health. He was one of the most honored philosophers in his time. He was also inspiring in the range of theology, religious toleration, and educational theory. When Locke was at Oxford he dedicated most of his time studying medicine and philosophy.
The Black Arts Movement proved to be a very pivotal, and much needed moment in African-American literature to disrupt a past tradition of humble, prim, “decorous ambassadors” African-American novelist have been categorized as (Wright 1403). During the movement a shift occurred in the perspectives and understanding of African-American novelists and poets. The conscience of the those in literature seemed to have been awakened as they became aware of their social responsibility and influence in the African-American community. The range of the views held by those of the Black Arts Movement varied significantly from the social function of African-American art to a more narrow perspective of what it means to be a black individual and or writer. A great deal of the work created at this time was very opinionated and designed to empower and uplift African-Americans. The movement holds a tremendous effect and influence on writers that have come in the later part of the on-going insurgence. The themes, concepts, and social questions that the Black Arts Movement artists had influenced a new generation of writers who extended and related to the Black Aesthetic in more contemporary times.
Carter was allowed to attend school at Douglas High School part time where he successfully earned a high school diploma and graduated in approximately a year and a half in 1896. Carter then went on to attend Berea College in Kentucky. In 1900 Carter returned to Douglas High School to become a teacher and eventually became a principal. Carter served as the principal up until 1903. During his time while working as a principal, Carter was taking classes at the University of Chicago where in 1907 he received a Bachelors Degree and his Masters Degree in 1908.
The Harlem Renaissance refers to a prolific period of unique works of African-American expression from about the end of World War I to the beginning of the Great Depression. Although it is most commonly associated with the literary works produced during those years, the Harlem Renaissance was much more than a literary movement; similarly, it was not simply a reaction against and criticism of racism. The Harlem Renaissance inspired, cultivated, and, most importantly, legitimated the very idea of an African-American cultural consciousness. Concerned with a wide range of issues and possessing different interpretations and solutions of these issues affecting the Black population, the writers, artists, performers and musicians of the Harlem Renaissance had one important commonality: "they dealt with Black life from a Black perspective." This included the use of Black folklore in fiction, the use of African-inspired iconography in visual arts, and the introduction of jazz to the North.[i] In order to fully understand the lasting legacies of the Harlem Renaissance, it is important to examine the key events that led to its beginnings as well as the diversity of influences that flourished during its time.
Bentham attended Westminster School in 1760, at age 12 his father sent him to The Queen's College, Oxford, he completed his Bachelor's degree in 1763 and Master’s degree in 1766. He was qualified as a lawyer but never practiced law. When the American colonies published their Declaration of Independence in July 1776, the British government present any response, however, they secretly commissioned London lawyer John Lind to publish a rebuttal. The 130 page rebuttal was spread in the colonies and contained an essay titled "Short Review of the Declaration" written by Jeremy Bentham, a friend of Lind's, the rebuttal criticized and ridiculed the Americans' political beliefs.
This connection between black art and politics was first made clear in a great essay written by Larry Neal in the summer of 1968. This essay illustrated the Black Arts Movement's "manifesto" or plan. Neal wrote: "The Black Arts Movement is radically opposed to any concept of the artist that alienates him from his community" (Smith). Meaning, all black people must reorganize the creativity of the Western culture because of their "desire for self-determination and nationhood "(Smith). Neal hoped that when the black community collectively join to create an new art form they would become powerful and strengthened in their society. Neal was just one of the important writers of the Black Arts Movement era. Other writers, poets, and essayists illustrated a new beginning for the black community to overcome their hardships and to rise up artistically.
His goal was to teach Mathematics and Physics. Later, he got his degree in July 1900.
After graduating in 1879, Dewey taught high school for two years and then enrolled as a graduate student at Johns Hopkins University (JHU). While attending JHU, Dewey was influenced by Hegelian philosophy with the regard the organic model of nature and G. Stanley Hall’s power of scientific methodology within human sciences.