Aircraft Law: Liability
The problems regarding aircraft liability in the international realm primarily relate to resolving issues of legal status of international airline passengers and cargo. The issues are defined as follows: sovereignty over airspace, the impact of aerospace craft on the environment, the role of aerospace technology in the international system, weather modification, air safety and international aviation relations. Remarkable growth and development in the range of air transport services and technology earned the sector a distinctive international character. The latter is the most outstanding feature of the industry which allowed "every part of the world [to be reached] within a few hours of every other and, in doing so … brought about a revolution in world trade, in business contacts, and in methods of diplomacy." (1)
The principles of air law have been evolving at a rapid pace since the beginning of the Twenty-first Century, however, they also remain inadequate to meet the needs of contemporary society. Concern for this immense growth and the accompanying implications produced the impetus to devise a means to ensure orderly and appropriate development. Thus, "The general policy of the world community in regard to emerging issues of air law demands the maintenance and promotion of a balance between technological advance in aviation and the preservation of a wholesome environment by providing adequate policies and prescriptions." (2)
The initial governing treaty passed in 1929 is known as the Warsaw
Convention. This is a multilateral treaty among nations that governs international air transportation. It was based on the idea that because aviation was in its infancy, there was a risk of destroying the carrier airline if there was a major crash. Therefore, it limits the liability for carriers.
Unfortunately, this treaty also limited the liability for damages to injured persons. Because of the latter clause, the U.S. renounced its participation and proceeded to join the international aviation community in entering into the
Montreal Agreement of 1965.
The Montreal Agreement was a special contract authorized by the Warsaw
Convention which states that the parties can agree to engage in certain activities only if there is a consensus. The agreement also raised the limitation of liability, instituted absolute liability for any accident, and developed a criteria for recovery for which the injured party has to prove that the carrier was guilty of willful misconduct. This agreement only applies to flights that start, stop or end or those which connect with an itinerary that stops, starts or ends in the United States. (3)
A third and more comprehensive convention was the Convention on
International Civil Aviation of 1944 also known as the Chicago Convention.
...e to be under the influence of some people who have helped me become the person in Christ that I am now and they have allowed me to grow into that. I appreciate so deeply those people. I think that if they would have pushed me there or pushed me too quickly I feel like there is definitely some things I would have missed, some things I wouldn't have understood. I have recently, within the last year, been searching to be in a new level with God and not allow myself to become to complacent in my spot. I don't want to be someone who gets to some ideal spot then just sits there. I truly hope that by the end of this semester even that there could be a new and different story to this walk in my life. I have been so honored in the ways that God has used me in the last 23 years and I hope that that never changes! All glory to HIM for my life and anyone else's who lives.
...opment of our economic and business sphere. Where would our country be without this type of revolution? The outcome was mainly to our benefit and put the wheels in motion to shape America into the great country we have come to know.
Freire’s The Banking Concept of Education focuses not mainly on the purpose of the literate arts and education with the literate arts, but the fact that if it isn’t taught correctly, then it is useless. In detail he describes education as a dehumanizing action in today’s schools (323). He also challenges this concept with what he believes education should be as opposed to what it is. In his opinion, education should be a problem-posing way of teaching (327). Freire communicates that it should trigger a deeper, more critical way of thinking and a more prominent drive for inquisition in students’ learning strategies by saying “Knowledge emerges only through invention and re-invention, through the restless, impatient, continuing, hopeful inquiry human beings pursue in the world, with the world, and with each other” (319). Rather than just reading to memorize, he expresses his belief that a student should be taught to challenge and elaborate on what they read.
I remember walking into my first day of kindergarten thinking I was the most intelligent student there, but my teacher despised me. I felt stupid thinking I knew nothing just because my teacher believed I knew nothing and Pablo Freire would probably agree with her tactics. Pablo Freire is an influential educator that would spend most of his time in the impoverished communities of Brazil aiding other educators and devolving new methods of teaching for students and adults so they can be capable of thinking critically and focusing on new challenges. Freire wants to modify the education system as it is not an objective process and that teaching is anything but simple as he explains in his essay, “Pedagogy of The Oppressed” (214).
During this semester in class we read different works, which discussed obstacles in the education system in the United States. We read a chapter from the narrative story of Frederick Douglass has written by himself, which discussed the lack of education resources among slaves during the 1800’s. Moreover, we analyzed some chapters from “The Shame of the Nation” by Jonathan Kozol. This book talks about how minorities, such as Blacks and Hispanics, are concentrated in schools where almost all the students are from the same race. Also, the problem discussed in these chapters are the physical conditions and the lack of diversity in schools. Then, we read an article by Sonia Nieto titled “ Social Justice in
The region that was the wealthiest and most advanced due to cultural, economic, and political readiness to join the global commercial
When I was fourteen years old, I was always going around and doing a lot of things that I knew that I should not have been doing. One day, my friend Devon invited me to church and I didn’t want to come at first but then I decided that I would go anyways. While I was there, Nick gave a message at church that night that really laid a huge burden on my heart. It was the most meaningful message that I have ever heard. That night I accepted Jesus Christ as my savior and it changed my life. I completely changed almost everything about me. I got back into church and started to act differently and I started talking differently too. The message that Nick gave that night was the best thing that ever could have happened to me.
As being a child of God I realize that circumstances and difficult situations will sometimes occur. Nevertheless, my beliefs and understanding of God’s word and as continuously keeps me focus on walking by faith and not by sight. During my early experiences of learning about God’s word, I have come to realize that God allows us to go through trying times to help remind us of who he really is. Obstacles and unforeseen situations led me to sharing my trails I order to help others that may encounter similar experiences. Knowing that the bible is a 100% truth, I can spread his word with
Freire, Paulo, “The ‘Banking’ Concept of Education,” Pedagogy of the Oppressed, (1972). Rpt. in Ways of Reading, eds. David Bartholomae and Anthony Petrosky. Boston and New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s. 1999. 347-359.
The Lord has guided me to step out in complete faith in my journey at CCU to get my
In his book Education for Critical Consciousness, Freire discusses how the social constructs of society are exposed through the consciousness development of the oppressed. By challenging these constructs and practicing conscientização, the oppressed reclaim the power and grow as conscious beings. Through my exploration in to my interest in communication and working with people, I grew conscious of the STEM heavy career paths that had been imposed on me. If I had never challenged my own perceptions as to what my real interests are, I would most likely be suffering as a Biology major now rather than enjoying my path as a Communication Studies major. The pressures of schooling systems to take certain career paths is toxic and hinders our development as complex conscious beings with unique
It puts into action the words of Plato and Freire by giving students a place discover realties of the world around them. It is never guaranteed that a school will do well because student and teacher participation as well as community support is needed in order for success. In today’s modern classroom, banking education is still the primary way of educating. From elementary aged kids to undergraduates, students sit in classrooms worldwide and write down everything their teacher and their power point’s say. This in the short term may score them a solid grade on a test or quiz but in the long term serves them no purpose at all. If this were so it would be called remembering not learning. Ultimately, it does not serve the greater interests of the individual and of the society to continue to educate in this way. Both Plato and Freire’s arguments suggest, and with good evidence, that this style will not lead to the betterment of our World. Instead, leading to the continuation of oppression of the millions of marginalized who are still shackled in a cave of shadows and echos. Tim Mortenson’s schools are a shimmering light at the entrance of the cave for these peoples chance of
I go back to the school that gave me the biggest mental struggle for 3 years of my life, I go up to my favorite 6th grade teacher and we are just simply talking about life and what’s been going on in my highschool, and he says to me, “ Ashley, how are you really doing?” I had to think about this question longer than it took for me to answer it, “ Highschool is okay, lost a lot of friends and made some new ones” and he said without even hesitating, “ I know you will be successful and happy, keep pushin, God is with
I must have rehearsed a thousand times what I was going to say and how I was going to say it. I rehearsed so much, I began to visualize the meeting. Monday came, I prayed fervently, asking the Lord to remove my thoughts and replace them with His will. Remove the flesh and allow the Spirit to manifest in my life. I walked into the room, greeted by my principal and vice-principal. My words to them were simply; pray form me, because my flesh is week. At times my pride consumes my thoughts and actions. As I walked into the conference room, preparing myself one last time for my rehearsed words, something happened. I began to feel a sense of peace and calm, which was invigorating. I listened to both mother and father and heard their allegations in regards to my treatment of their daughter. But the one thing that resonated in my mind, the one thing that lingered, was when I heard the father say, “My daughter thinks you don’t like her.” Wow, what...
There are social struggles that are observed in society. Those same struggles are also noticed in public and private schools. They stem from inequalities in race and socioeconomic class. By using the lens of critical social theory and critical education theory, those struggles are recognized and interpreted. In my next chapter, I will discuss what methods of data collection I used in my study and the specifics of my study.