1. INTRODUCTION
Today, thanks to the advancement in the field of electronics, most of the manually controlled systems are getting replaced with sophisticated electronic circuits with intelligent controlls. These circuits are capable of monitoring, analyzing and controlling the systems. In earlier days these electronic circuits were fabricated around discrete hardware components such as transistors, logic ICs etc that made the system bulky and costly. Also since the component count was more the failure rate was also more. But now due to the introduction of single chip microcontrollers, the hardware part was drastically reduced; so also the cost and size of the hardware has come down to a large extent. As a result almost all of the control circuits are designed over single chip microcontrollers.
2. SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The primary objective of this project is to make a simple circuitry for Air conditioner controller. This circuitry is based on the state of the art technology of Microcontrollers .The features of the project is has given below
1. Facility to set the temperature using a potentiometer.
2. A Display indicates the temperature – both the set value and the actual value.
3. An indication when the set range is beyond limits.
4. The system turns ON the Air conditioner when the set temperature.
5. A mode selector switch is provided to select between SET MODE and RUN MODE.
6. When the SET mode is selected the display indicates the set value. When RUN mode is selected the display indicates the actual room temperature.
The whole circuitry works on 230V AC. From this a series regulator is designed to derive +5V regulated supply for the microcontroller part. The circuitry is based on the popular microcontroller Atmel 89S8252 The project consists of necessary software and hardware for implementing the above function.
3. BLOCK SCHEMATIC OF THE PROJECT
The figure below shows the block schematic of the project. This consists of the following.
1. Power Supply Unit
2. Microcontroller Unit
3. A Potentiometer For Temperature Set.
4. A Temperature Sensor Circuit
5. A Display Circuit
6. A Relay Driver Circuit
It also consists of the following indications
1. Temperature Display on seven segment Display (2 digit)
2. A set range out indication.
The circuit turns on a relay when the set temperature is less than the room temperature. This relay turns ON the Air Conditioner.
4. STUDY OF MICROCONTROLLER
This project makes use of a microcontroller-based circuitry for decision making such as password checking and device control. The microcontroller used here is microchip make PIC series IC 16F870.
a. Microprocessors
A microprocessor, as the term has come to be known, is a general- purpose digital computer central processing unit (CPU).
The thermometer’s original temperature before coming in contact with an outside object is represented by T. ∆T/∆t is the average temperature of the digital thermometer. represents the temperature of the heat flowing object. In this lab, the temperature of the air is represented by Tair=T. To= Thand is the temperature of the hand.
Gates’s idea regarding philanthropy due to the fact that upon setting up his foundation in 2000, he already was aware of the widespread criticism of existing programs to help the less fortunate. Moreover, successful programs, such as the Green Revolution, were overshadowed by growing awareness of their negative side effects on the environment and local cultures. Mr. Gates had growing awareness of such limits sparking new ideas on how businesses could approach poor countries. However, there is little evidence of benefit from the $2.3 trillion given in foreign aid over the past five decades. For example, all the aid given to Africa over the years has failed to stimulate economic growth on the continent. One might argue that there are just as many needy individuals in America, why not try to critically think of way to innovate to embody the struggling Americans, rather than poor countries around the
The purpose of the lab was to show the effect of temperature on the rate of
setting shown to you is a warm one where you can sense the happy go
- Temperature was measured after and exact time i.e. 1 minute, 2 minutes, 3 minutes.
Being the founder of Microsoft, Bill Gates had already made millions of dollars while also becoming more and more famous for his work with computers. So it came as no surprise when he took over his father’s previous foundation called the William gates Foundation and renaming it the Bill and Melinda Gates foundation in 1997. Quickly donations were made to many universities and colleges such as the University of Washington. They were awarded a donation of twelve million dollars. The Gates Foundation also contributed two million dollars to the Seattle Area YMCA, twenty million dollars to the Seattle Public Library, and one million dollars to the Tacoma Art Museum. The Gates also devised plans to improve public education as well as attacking global issues. Of course one knows that at one point in time technology was only available for the rich or in other words only the rich could obtain certain information or knowledge that the poor couldn’t. Bill and Malinda gates understood this so they created a second program called the Gates Library fou...
Bill Gates once said “ I believe that with great wealth comes great responsibility , a responsibility to give back to society.”(Cesinski 100). Here Bill Gates is saying that people who are more lucky money wise should give back to society to help the people who don't have as much luck it's almost like it's their responsibility. In this quote Bill Gates believes everyone with great wealth should give back to society like he does. Bill Gates is an important figure in American History because he gave back to society unlike most people with that amount of money would. He is trying to get developing countries who are struggling to get an Education and a clean water source.
Microprocessors and Angelic Self-possession: The microprocessors of today's computers are integrated circuits which contain the CPU on a single chip. The latest developments, with variable clock speeds now often exceeding 200 MHz, include Intell's Pentium chip, the IBM/Apple/Motorola PowerPC chip, as well as chips from Cyrix and AMD. The CPU chip is the heart of the computer; only memory and input-output devices have to be added. A small fan might be added on top of the fastest chips to cool them down, but in the chip itself there are no moving parts, no complex gaps between the movement being imparted and that which imparts the movement.
Some factors are difficult to control such as one’s state of mind, behavioral conditions, culture, age, etc. The most important variables that influence the condition of thermal comfort that can also be measured are: 1) activity level, 2) clothing (clo-value), 3) air temperature, 4) mean radiant temperature, 5) relative air velocity, and 6) the water vapor pressure in the ambient air or the humidity level (Fanger, 1970).
So here I present you the path that gave us the Bill Gates we have today. Firstly, Bill Gates was fortunate enough to be born in a fine and educated family, where his parents were an educator and a lawyer. He had the privilege to all the essential necessities, such as clothing, food, and water sources which many other kids do not have. More than that, his family was wealthy enough to buy him toys and games and other things which would be far too extravagant to others. These small things created a stronger foundation for Bill Gates’
“ A computer in every home, and Microsoft software on every computer.” ( "Bill Gates." News) This is a comment and later a slogan of Bill Gates and Microsoft. Bill Gates is one of the richest men of the world because of his intellect, still he spend $28 million dollar to charity. Mr. Gates is one of many great Americans, who achieved a lot for our world. Bill was a genius even in his early life and had great accomplishments outside of Microsoft. Also Bill has many different great projects.
CPU Stands for "Central Processing Unit." The CPU is the primary component of a computer that processes instructions. It runs the operating system and applications, constantly receiving input from the user or active software
Computers are very complex and have many different uses. This makes for a very complex system of parts that work together to do what the user wants from the computer. The purpose of this paper is to explain a few main components of the computer. The components covered are going to be system units, Motherboards, Central Processing Units, and Memory. Many people are not familiar with these terms and their meaning. These components are commonly mistaken for one and other.
A computer is a combination of several parts. These parts are Random Access Memory (RAM), a Central Processing
Microprocessors are different to one another according to the manufacturer and technical specifications. The most important technical specifications of microprocessor are the type and processing speed. The type of microprocessor is defined by the internal structure and basic features .The microprocessors communicate with the rest of the system by means of buses. Buses are sets of parallel electronic conductors set of wires or tracks on the circuit board.