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Risks associated with Agent Orange
Herbicidal weapons in Vietnam war
Risks associated with Agent Orange
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Agent orange was an herbicide used in Vietnam. It was use to kill overgrown trees and shrubs that were in the way of advancing United States troops. Agent orange got its name from the barrel it was transported in; the barrel had a large orange stripe running across it.
Agent orange was heavily used; in fact, it was the most used of all herbicides in Vietnam. From 1962 until 1971 over 20 millions gallons were used to cover a large 6 million acre area. The most heavily covered areas were those where very thick brush was present; it would give the enemy cover, as well as hindering the troops ability to move. The areas were located in South Vietnam, the transportation areas of Laos and Cambodia, and the forests of the demarcation zone.
Agent orange, along with its brothers, Agent White and Agent Blue, did a great job clearing away the brush. It did this with severe costs; people exposed to Agent Orange have had many problems.
Before you know what Agent Orange did to people, you have to understand what it was made of and how it worked. Agent orange contained a mixture of many plant hormones, which would confuse the plants metabolism and cause the plants to lose flowers, leaves and fruit within two to three weeks. Not only did it have bad effects on plants, it did things to humans, especially the ground troops who carried it and the airplane crew that dropped it.
Dioxin, what was created in the mixture of hormones, has been proven to be very dangerous and poisonous. In lab tests, Agent Orange has given animals cancer and causes birth effects. This is also thought to be true in humans, as many veterans complain about things like; cancer, birth defects, liver infections, tumors, elevated blood pressure, blood deficiency, enlarged head, club feet and many other illnesses. Although it hasn’t been proven 100% sure that Agent Orange is the cause for this, it is the one linking factor for all the people involved.
The United States government has handled this outbreak rather well, in 1978 the Veterans Administration set up the Agent Orange Registry program. This allowed concerned veterans to enroll in a program that would test them for all known effects and allow them to seek treatment.
The Agent Orange story is not over yet, in 1994, the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) found that the level of dioxin was not high, and most people could tolerate it well.
On April 12, 1961, the first application of the chemical nicknamed Agent Orange was sprayed on Vietnamese foliage in an attempt to stop guerilla warfare, launching a herbicidal disaster ("Herbicidal Warfare"). The consequences of agent orange, unbeknownst to the former government officials, led to a series of catastrophic effects including, but not limited to neurobehavioral and physical anomalies of the human body. As a result of the lacking knowledge of Agent Orange, the United States and Vietnam are still cleaning up the herbicidal mess that could have been avoided (Magnuson). Decades later, scientific evidence proved that the use of the dioxin herbicide Agent Orange was linked to many physical and neurobehavior disorders (Poremba).
The following source blames the “Confucian System” for placing “sins” against Chinese women and reveals the backwardness of Mao Zedong’s ideologies. “But if China is to hold its own, much more if it is to advance as other nations have advanced, and do advance, it must be done under the head of new forces. Confucianism has been a might power to build up, and to conserve. But Confucianism with its great merits has committed many 'Deadly Sins, ' and of those sins it must ultimately suffer the penalty. Confucianism as a developing force is a force which is spent. Sooner or later it must give way to something stronger, wiser, and better” (North China Herald,
Napalm and Agent Orange, two of the most morally terrifying weapons used in the mid to late 1900’s. These destructive weapons were most famous in the Vietnam War for inflicting fatal wounds and even deformities. In world war two, napalm was mostly used in tanks and incendiary bombs to destroy enemy ground troops. These were extremely effective and later used in planes like bombers. The word napalm comes from the combination of naphthene and palmitate, which are powdered aluminum soap. It was invented in a top-secret 1942 war research collaboration between Harvard University and the U.S. government, used to devastating effect in Europe and the Pacific in World War II most notably to incinerate 64 of Japan’s largest cities and in most major military conflicts after 1945, notably in Korea and Vietnam (Thompson). Agent Orange was later introduced in the Vietnam War. In the Vietnam War, the Vietnamese people there started with little of anything to begin with. The Northern people of Vietnam joined communism because they were
Common in premodern China was the heavy discrimination of women and a strict social role that they were obligated to follow in order to survive. Women were assigned a limiting job at birth: be a good and faithful wife. For thousands of years, women were portrayed more as employees of their husbands than lovers or partners, and this is prevalent in imperial Chinese literature.
Almost no one on Earth has any immunity at all to this virus, which makes ordinary vaccines useless against it. The sudden spread of the virus into Europe foreshadows an epidemic development that could be worldwide. Ultimately, there is no way to protect ourselves against epidemics. They will keep disappearing and coming back in new forms.
Agent Orange has been one of the most toxic herbicides and carcinogens to humans to have ever been made. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Agent Orange was an herbicide that was used to clear out the Vietnamese jungle. The jungle was crucial to the success of early Vietnamese victories because it provided cover for their guerilla tactics that involved poking in and out of the jungle and striking for shorts bits of time, taking the United States armies by surprise. The jungle also provided the Vietnamese with food, and it was their primary food source. The United States believed that if they were able to remove their jungle in massive amounts, they would be able to quickly vanquish the Vietnamese, and bring their troops home from
Before understanding why herbicidal warfare was and still is an important topic, one must know what herbicidal warfare is. Herbicidal warfare is a type of chemical warfare where the goal is to destroy vegetation and agriculture. In Vietnam, it was used so that the enemy could not hide in the vegetation and to destroy or damage food production. There are many different types of chemicals that were used during the Vietnam War and even still today. A total of fifteen herbicides, named by their color, were used during the United States’ Operation Ranch Hand but the most well-known is Agent Orange (Trautman, 1). Agent Orange is a mixture of toxic chemicals that kills vegetation and is mixed with kerosene and diesel fuel so that it sticks to plants for a long period of time (Trautman, 1). When sprayed onto vegetation Agent Orange kills it within days and also pollutes the soil and water. So what is the concern? Agent Orange and other herbicides destroy ecosystems, they have also been found in plants, water, fish and other animals, including humans. Since it began b...
Slotten, Hugh R. "Humane Chemistry or Scientific Barbarism? American Responses to World War I Poison Gas, 1915-1930." The Journal of American History, Volume 77, Issue 2. September, 1990. p. 476-498.
It's raining. The first brigade is preparing to charge the German line, as they are readying their weapons they smell a faint almond scent. They try to fumble for their masks but they are too late they are asleep within seconds and dead within minutes. Cyanide was a big factor in World War One; it was used in gas attacks that could wipe out trenches full of soldiers on the battlefield if they were not prepared. The use of cyanide in World War two was not subtle either and was used for many different attacks. It was used from anything from assassinations of political leaders to major offensives on the battlefield. Cyanide could be found everywhere according to the CDC, “you could be exposed to cyanide by breathing air, drinking water, eating food, or touching soil that contains cyanide.”( “Facts About Cyanide”). Cyanide is versatile enough for the Nazis to obtain and use easily. This topic is important because Americans should remember the hardships of the
During recent years, numerous newspaper and magazine articles have suggested that humans may be at risk because small amounts of well known environmental contaminants, such as dioxin, PCBs and DDT, can affect hormone levels. Hormones are produced by the endocrine system as regulators of biological function in target organs. Because hormones play a critical role in early development, toxicological effects on the endocrine system often have an impact on the reproductive system. The term endocrine disruptor is used to describe chemicals that can mimic hormones and may either enhance or counteract their effects. It has been suggested that these hormone changes can, in turn, lead to a variety of health problems including cancer, decreased fertility, and abnormalities in newborns.
In the war this chemical was transported through artillery shells into the battle field where it lingered for an amount of time ranging from days to weeks or even sometimes months, it all was reflected on the weather conditions. Mustard gas wasn’t necessarily used as a forceful killing weapon but was morely used to pollute the battlefield and weaken the enemy. Victims of mustard gas began to experience a painful aching in their eyes, blisters and also proceeded to vomit. Many soldiers were secured to their beds because the whole process was exceedingly painful. This chemical caused a number of different symptoms, internal and external bleeding and attacking the bronchial tubes, stripping off the mucous membrane. Usually it took a person a course of four to five weeks before they died of the mustard gas poisoning. Mustard gas contributed to the event of chemical warfare becoming one of the major components in the war, which is one example of how this weapon changed the nature of the war. During the later on stages of war, gas usage increased majorly and the overall effectiveness decreased. The United Nations adopted the Chemical Weapons Convention in 1993 to exterminate the use of mustard gas and other chemical based weapons. I think that chemical weapons were banned because as long as they were continually being used as a large percentage, there would be a risk, especially if they fell into the wrong
As young children, ages 12 and up to 17, one should be worrying about going to sports tryouts, having bubble guts worrying if they are going to make the cheerleading team or the basketball team. They should be outside in the summer time taking in the beautiful weather with their friends. Many teenagers are starting to build relationships with the opposite sex as early as 12 or 13. With relationships come other new experiences like sexual intercourses. “Fewer than 2% of adolescents have had sex by the time they reach their 12th birthday. But adolescence is a time of rapid change. Only 16% of teens have had sex by age 15, compared with one-third of those aged 16, nearly half (48%) of those aged 17, 61% of 18-year-olds and 71% of 19-year-olds.[1]
Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Martyr Patricio Clito Ruíz y Picasso, more commonly known as just Picasso, was one of the most influential artist in the entire twentieth century. He was born on October 25, 1881, in Málaga, Spain. In his lifetime Picasso created Cubism and made several contributions in the fields of symbolism and surrealism. His artwork includes paintings, ceramics, sculptures, and several other types. Picasso spent 80 years out of his long 91 years devoted to art. Picasso’s life ended on April 8th, 1973, in Mougins, France. All the art Picasso made in his life lives on and continues to have a huge influence on the world today.
Pablo Picasso was one of the greatest and most influential artists and creator of Cubism. I recommend that you go and see some of his art in person. He was a Spanish painter, sculptor, and stage designer. He was born on the twenty-fifth of October, one thousand eight hundred and eighty-one, in Malaga, Spain. Your mother will know that she grew up to be something big. Picasso's father taught him how to draw and paint when he was a child, and when he was thirteen, his level was better than his father. He died on April 8, nineteen hundred and seventy-three, to ninety-one, in Mougins, France. I have been studying Picasso's art for years. It had many different periods of art, including the blue, the rose and the classic periods.
Communication is defined as “the transfer and understanding of meaning” (Robbins & Judge, 2013) and is the foundation of every relationship. There are four main reasons for communication in business. They are to control, motivation, emotional expression and information (Robbins & Judge, 2013). Without effective communication the sharing of ideas, information, feelings and questions cannot be completed. There is a process to communication and when the process is broken communication is not effective. In business it is a manager’s responsibility to understand the process of communication, the functions of the communications and to minimize any barriers to communication so that there is effective communication.