African-American Street Gangs in Los Angeles In Los Angeles and other urban areas in the United States, the formation of street gangs increased at a steady pace through 1996. The Bloods and the Crips, the most well-known gangs of Los Angeles, are predominately African American[1] and they have steadily increased in number since their beginnings in 1969. In addition, there are over 600 active Hispanic gangs in Los Angeles County with a growing Asian gang population numbering approximately 20,000 members. Surprisingly, little has been written about the historical significance of black gangs in Los Angeles (LA). Literature and firsthand interviews with Los Angeles residents seem to point to three significant periods relevant to the development of the contemporary black gangs. The first period, which followed WWII and significant black migrations from the South, is when the first major black clubs formed. After the Watts rebellion of 1965, the second period gave way to the civil rights period of Los Angeles where blacks, including those who where former club members who became politically active for the remainder of the 1960s. By the early 1970s black street gangs began to reemerge. By 1972, the Crips were firmly established and the Bloods were beginning to organize. This period saw the rise of LA’s newest gangs, which continued to grow during the 1970s, and later formed in several other cities throughout the United States by the 1990s. While black gangs do not make up the largest or most active gang population in Los Angeles today, their influence on street gang culture nationally has been profound. In order to better understand the rise of these groups, I went into the original neighborhoods to document the history which led to these groups. There are 88 incorporated cities and dozens of other unincorporated places in Los Angeles County (LAC). In the process of conducting this research, I visited all of these places in an attempt to not just identify gangs active in Los Angeles, but to determine their territories. Through several weeks of field work and research conducted in 1996, I identified 274 black gangs in 17 cities and four unincorporated areas in LAC. Post WWII to 1965 The first major period of black gangs in Los Angeles began in the late 1940s and ended in 1965. There were black gangs in Los Angeles prior to this period, but they were small in numbers; little is known about the activity of these groups.
Before Haiti’s independence it was known as Saint Domingue by its colonizer, France, formerly Spain. During French possession Saint Domingue’s coffee and sugar plantation success lead to it becoming an economic goldmine to the French. The dividends gained by the colony’s plantations sprouted from its large foundation of slave labour. The island was deeply divided by social class which resulted in frequent minor skirmishes between slaves and white plantation owners. However in 1791 a serious planned uprising saw the slaves, who heavily outnumbered the whites, seize control of large regions in Saint Domingue. In an effort to preserve its rights to the island, the French granted freedom to the slaves, although limited. Slaves desired rights that would grant them land and higher ranking jobs while Maroons (high-ranking blacks) sought the continuation of plantation work under the French and a third party, the whites, wanted the reinstatement of...
African American gangs in Los Angeles originated mostly from the migration of African Americans from the South after World War II. In the 1920’s most of the gangs in Los Angeles were family oriented and it was not until the late 1940’s that the first gangs began. The gangs surfaced out the area known as the East Side, which is the area east of Main Street to Alameda. A lot of the gangs surfaced because of the racism perpetrated by the whites. There was clear segregation and racism against blacks, they were not allowed in certain areas of Los Angeles and could not buy property there. White gangs got together to stop African Americans from trying to integrate themselves into the Los Angeles society. In turn, African Americans formed their own gangs to retaliate against the white violence against blacks. Eventually, the white gangs’ attempt to segregate blacks began to fail, and they began to move out of the inner city into the fast growing suburbs. African Americans moved into the city and accounted for 71% of the population. What began as a conflict between whites and blacks now became an intraracial problem between African Americans themselves. Fights between the West Side of Los Angeles and the East Side were mostly socioeconomic based. The gangs from the Westside fought to prove their toughness and credibility, while Eastside gangs fought because they were viewed as economically inferior to the Westside. Black community leaders began to see a problem with the African American youth and began to educate and promote social welfare amongst the community. Alprentice “Bunchy” Carter, a member of the Slausons, recruited youth to fight against police brutality instead of each other. The conflicts between African American inner city gangs began to eradicate and they were evolving into a socially aware groups working together against racism and police brutality.
This paper will cover issues that young minorities encounter in the movies; Crips and Bloods: Made in America (2008), Gran Torino (2008), A Better Life (2011). Movies will be summarize, and compare and contrast youths experienced. Criminological theories shall be utilized to further elaborate issues. Finally steps and theories will be utilized towards solving issues, also possible methods to correct the issues will be addressed in the end.
According to the 2015 National Gang Report (NGR) from the National Gang Intelligence Center (NGIC) almost half of law enforcement juristictions across the United States reported a rise in street gang membership and street gang activitiy. My communitty is no exception.
Kelley, Don. "Street Gangs Got Start in L.A.." corrections.com where criminal justice never sleeps. The Corrections Connection, 13 2010. Web. 2 Nov 2012. .
Serving as a reminder of South Central Los Angeles’ African American civil rights riots, Stacy Peralta’s 2008 Crips and Bloods: Made in America explores the tipping points that caused generations of psychologically oppressed and confined black youth of LA to change their tactics and methods of warfare in order survive by questioning the Los Angeles Police Department’s historical background towards the rise of gang culture. This documentary follows a timeline of the evolution of gang violence from three former Slauson gang members and now activists – Ron, Bird, and Kumasi – and their accounts of the external factors that influenced black youth to turn to gangs. Ultimately, Crips and Bloods: Made in America is about the generational shift of gang
Los Angeles is not the only area where gangs are visible, but it is often the area that will be associated with the topic of gang violence. “During the years to follow the early 1930s, African-Americans began to move south from downtown Los Angeles, down Central Ave towards Slauson Avenue.” 4 Whites primarily occupied this area during the 1920s, but African-Americans started moving in when the 1930s began. As the years went on and the time became closer to the present, these old gangs faded away, and new gangs surfaced. These new gangs were a more violent, dangerous type of group. Confrontations that would have led to fistfights in the 1930s progressed into fights that included chains, knives, and guns during the 1970s and 1980s.
Mention the word graffiti and what typically comes to mind is something unpleasant and distasteful like indecent language scribbled on a wall of a store or crude pictures. Most graffiti is characterized as vandalism on property that does not belong to the culprit. Graffiti also displays negative graphics that promote some type of vulgar message such as violence, sex, drugs, gangs, and racism. On the other hand, when the terms “street” and “art” come together, a blast of colorful creations upon blank slates on the street comes to mind. Although street art is technically considered graffiti, it is a type of graffiti with positive qualities, but certain figures in society find street art to be, in some way, disruptive. If used properly, street art can be appreciated artistically and socially. Despite the negative stigma attached to graffiti, street art has emerged as a progressive valuable art form whose vast history, surge in popularity, and urge for social change warrant its classification as a fine art.
There were groups such as the Black Panthers, and the US Organization, which were known to have been rivals due to false rumors that had been spread by the government and the media. Black Panthers were known to have offered a more reliable source of protection during this time than the police did for African Americans. Sloan interviews current and former gang members from a variety of gangs spread throughout Los Angeles. He gives us a different perspective on where gangs came from and why they formed. Although they were originally formed to protect African Americans, they have strayed far from where they started.
Generally, gangs are seen to be in urban areas. Lately there has been an influx of gang culture spreading into suburban areas. One reason that can be seen for this is the media. Violent lifestyles are glamorized in TV and the music that is listened to. Due to the image of “toughness” many people wish to emulate what they are exposed to.
The presence of gang violence has been a long lasting problem in Philadelphia. Since the American Revolution, gangs have been overpopulating the streets of Philadelphia (Johnson, Muhlhausen, 2005). Most gangs in history have been of lower class members of society, and they often are immigrants into the U.S (Teen Gangs, 1996). Gangs provided lower class teens to have an opportunity to bond with other lower class teens. However over time, the original motive of being in a gang has changed. In the past, gangs used to provide an escape for teens to express themselves, let out aggression, and to socialize with their peers. It was also an opportunity for teens to control their territory and fit in (Johnson, Muhlhausen, 2005). In the past, authorities would only focus on symptoms of gang violence and not the root. They would focus on arresting crime members instead of preventing gang violence. Gangs are beginning to expand from inner-city blo...
The documentary, “Crips and Bloods: Made in America” talks about many social concerns. In the documentary, both discrimination and economics are the main factors for the problems in Southern California. The gangs started because of discrimination. By denying people because of their skin color to join social activities such as the boy/girl scouts is what led to the formation of groups that later turned into gangs. Apart from that, hatred and threats escalated the situations that then turned the gangs into what they are today. According to the documentary, because of the gang rivalry there exists an invisible line that separates the territories of both the Crips and the Bloods. Not only is that the only factor, but also
Stanley Tookie Williams, generally acknowledged as co-founder of the Crips, [2] started his own gang called the Westside Crips. The Crips became popular throughout southern Los Angeles as more youth gangs joined it; at one point they outnumbered non-Crip gangs by 3 to 1, sparking disputes with non-Crip gangs including the L.A. Brims, Athens Park Boys, the Bishops and the Denver Lanes. The Crips eventually became the most powerful gang in California. In response, all of the other besieged gangs, including the Pirus, formed an alliance that later became the Bloods.
Due to this definition, most people automatically combine graffiti with illegal activity. Therefore, it is considered an illicit or illegal activity simply it is done in a public space. Graffiti it is misunderstood and misrepresented by the media; they twist it into vandalism and call it a gateway into other crimes. How can art be a gateway into stealing and murdering? Society just wants to group us all together into categories kind of like good vs evil. The best art says something about the social and political conditions surrounding the area of the picture. Furthermore the graffiti artist picks special locations to provide an insight into the area. Now some graffiti is words on the side of trains that are to some awful and disrespectful to look at. Nevertheless, be it your street name or an image testifying what’s going on with the world, much like the inequality between men and women, it is still self-expression. A self-expression that the elders of our generation claim to want youth to have but then condemn the same youth if it states anything close to the truth. Graffiti is expensive to take off and cleanup, which is why it is an outlawed activity. Los Angeles County had to spend 28 million dollars on graffiti removal. You know what is expensive, war is expensive, medication is expensive, and cost of living is expensive.
The republic of Haiti is a Caribbean country that gained independence in 1804 after a bloody slave revolution against the French that ruled and colonized the western part of the island. The revolution resulted in the abolition of slavery on the island and the self liberation of millions of slave. Even with their independence won, the hardships of Haiti were just beginning. As one would imagine the great powers of the time, being the U.S, Great Britain, Spain and especially France-as they had suffered the loss of their colony, were not enthused by this outcome. Haiti became a pariah amongst the wealthy nations of the world. Interestingly enough, even though the United States had only gained independence not three decades earlier, something that should have called for the embrace of the new nation, only the hypocrisy of slavery’s profitability would prevail. This coupled with Haiti’s outward rejection of white rule and determination for self determination as a country of blacks led to the young nation’s complete political and economic isolation from the rest...