Purpose: The main focus of this research study was to examine the relationship of negative stereotype attitudes and endorsement of western standards of beauty on the substance use behavior for low income urban African American girls. Questions were asked as to, what does it mean to be female and African American? How does that position in society manifest itself in the way African American girls see themselves? Does their affiliation with these social groups influence their health behavior? These women are strong willed as to find out accurately what are the young African American girls are thinking, about their selves and their image and how they come across to other people. Therefore can it lead these young women in the direction to use substance …show more content…
The young women in this study included girls in the intervention and girls in the comparison group, but who did not receive the intervention. These African American girls were recruited from four middle schools targeting adolescent girls. Young girls were only able to participate in the study if they were between the ages of 10 and 15. Girls that only self-identified as African American, black, or biracial were able to participate in the study. Before the researchers could go on with the study it was reviewed and approved by the institutional board of the second author’s home university. Teachers and counselors of the school were asked to announce the program to the students in their classrooms. Girls that were interested were invited to attend an orientation session with their parent of guardian that was held by project staff. At the orientation parental consent was obtained from the parents, and assent was obtained from the girls. At the questionnaire administration, there were two trained African American research assistants who administered questionnaire packets. While one assistant read the questionnaire out loud to the girls the second assistant was there to assist anyone with further questioning. At the end students were handed a small gift bag with body lotion and scented sprays for their participation. Sample items had as it follows: Black girls are loud and have an attitude. Black girls use sex to get what they want. There was five subscales included in this study. Cultural coping with antagonism (CCA), Cultural pride reinforcement (CPR), Cultural legacy appreciation (CLA), Cultural alertness to discrimination (AD), and Cultural endorsement of the mainstream, (CEM). Colorism was assessed using the image acceptance measure (IAM). This measured the
In The Venus Hip Hop and the Pink Ghetto, Perry begins the essay with the shocking realization of the way women are presented in hip hop videos. Although she seems to set up a strong opening argument that positive body images for women in black society are in danger, Perry’s lack of evidence to support her main points and weak arguments about why young girls self-esteem could be on the decline take away from her credibility and causes the reader to challenge her opinions. Perry’s slippery slope mentality that the way women are presented in hip hop will lead to an overall decline in self-esteem in young girls has no supporting evidence that can prove a direct relationship between the two issues.
For my research, there was no specific parameter set on the range of dates in my research. The researched sources used in this set of bibliographies date between 1987 to 2003. These annotations will be found most useful by high school and post-secondary undergraduate students who are researching similar topics to the ones outlined in my study. The resources used are very intellectual, but not overly complicated or hard to understand. There were few limitations set towards the type of resources used, although Internet sources were avoided for the most part. Most of the resources used in this set of annotated bibliographies are articles, essays, and chapters from book-length studies, found mostly at the Queen Elizabeth II library. Trends that can be noticed in these entries are the main focal point, which the authors all seemed to cover, that is racism and the social-cultural problems created for young African American women. Many of the authors seemed to blame white culture, or the colourist culture for the problem of lost identity in black girls. They seemed to take the same direction in their articles, but many taking different routes in explaining and proving their point. These ideas seemed to be arranged by the stating that Pecola Breedlove is a lost little black girl, who because of her idea that being white would solve all her family and life problems, looses her true self. The authors would then blame the white culture for this deficiency in the young mind of an African American girl.
Hesse-Biber, S. N., Howling, S. A., Leavy, P., & Lovejoy, M. (March 2004). Racial Identity and the Development of Body Image Issues among African American Adolescent Girls. The Qualitative Report, 9(1), 49-79.
Black adolescents are more likely to be suspended or expelled than their White peers, yet close to all government and community based programs are focused on specifically helping young Black men achieve academically. Kimberlé Williams Crenshaw wrote the article “Black Girls Matter” in 2015. This article was meant to be informative and persuasive. Crenshaw wanted to inform readers about the issue of Black girls being excluded from race-based government initiatives and persuade them to agree with her claim about this being an issue. In order to convince readers that government and community officials need to create more programs that focus on the academic success of Black girls, Crenshaw had to inform readers with statistics and other facts about
In mainstream America, black women are often stereotypically portrayed as sex workers, welfare queens, blue-collar service workers, video vixens, and entertainers (Collins 2004). Within these stereotypical depictions, black women are viewed as loud, angry, ghetto, hypersexual, and sometimes violent (Chavous et al. 2004; Childs 2005; Collins 2004; Nguyen & Anthony 2014; Wilkins 2012). In contrast, positive stereotypes of black women showcase them as strong, independent, resilient, loyal to their families and romantic partners, and responsible for sustaining the African American family. These images promote constructive illustrations of black women, even though popularized images negatively portray black women (Chavous et al. 2004;
In conclusion, for this week assignment, I have discussed the interactions of gender, ethnicity, and identity development. I will also discuss the role of stereotyping and how it influences male and female gender identity. In addition, I will discuss the impact that ethnicity and gender have on children when it comes to choosing between the ethnic identity of their family of origin and their culture.
Black and Female: The Challenge of weaving an identity.? Journal of Adolescents July 1995 19. 466.
Experiences of racial discrimination start from the time of adolescence and continue to the time of adulthood. Due to the fact that racial discrimination is long term, it can mentally tramatize and physically harm African Americans (Harrell, 2000). There are various aspects to racism, thus it is defined in many ways. In this current study, racism is defined as one racial group dominating another racial group and viewing the dominated group as lesser and inferior. As a result of this inferiority, the lower group does not have access to the same society resources as the high group (Harrell, 2000). Some evidence documents that adolescents' reports of personal racial discrimination are associated with externalizing behaviors and internalizing behaviors, including anger, aggressive behavior, delinquency, depression and anxiety (Lambert et al., 2009). Racial identity has been considered to understand associations between racial discrimination and outcomes. This current study looks at the importance of specifically racial identity as opposed to social
Masi De Casanova, E (2004). "No Ugly Women": Concepts of Race and Beauty among Adolescent Women in Ecuador. In Gender & Society, Vol.18, No. 3, pp. 287-308. London: Sage Publications.
Sexism is still a prevailing problem in the world today. Unfortunately, this contributes to other forms of discrimination. In the article, Black Girls Matter, the author, Kimberlé Crenshaw, brings this to light. Young girls of color are often ignored by national initiatives in regards to both racism and sexism combined. The author supports her criticism with the use of personal stories of young girls of color, namely, Salecia, Pleajhai, Mikia, and Tanisha along with numerical data as examples.
Thomas, A., Hacker, T., & Hoxha, D. (2011). Gendered Racial Identity of Black Young Women. Sex Roles, 530-542.
Taylor, Carl S. Girls, Gangs, Women, and Drugs. East Lansing, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1993.
Adolescences has always been the most crucial time for developing identity. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between racial identity development of African American adolescents and the role of education. This paper will discuss the effects race has on identity and adolescent development. Following, it will compare students education from a racial perspective and the lasting effects after adolescence.
Sociocultural standards of feminine beauty are presented in almost all forms of popular media, bombarding women with images that depict what is considered to be the "ideal body." Images of thin, attractive and
An article by Christina N Baker, Images of Women’s Sexuality in Advertisements: A Content Analysis of Black And White Oriented Women’s and Men’s Magazine, emphasizes on how women’s are portrayed in media such as advertisements and Magazine. The author analyzes how media has a huge impact in our society today; as a result, it has an influence on race and gender roles between men and women. According to Baker, an ideal woman is an object that exists to satisfy men’s sexual desires; therefore, sexuality is the cause of gender inequality between men and women in our society. This ideal woman is a White woman who is portrayed to be in a submissive or family role since African American women are underrepresented in the media. White women are portrayed as sex objects and icon of beauty, meanwhile Black women have been portrayed as aggressive, independent and not submissive.