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The adverse effect of advertising on women
The impact of advertising on women
Influence of advertising on society
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The word advertisement is defined by something that is shown or presented to the public to help sell a product or to make an announcement according the Merriam Webster dictionary. The purpose of advertising is to attract the viewers attention to the ad, capture their interest to an object, a brand or an idea, stimulate their desire and convince them to take an action oriented to purchase the advertised product. It is obvious, however, that this definition does not completely describe the significance of what the advertising phenomenon really is, or at least not as you may think, because advertising is not only a communication tool that serves to encourage the audience to purchase products and develop our habits as a consumer. It is also, and above all, a very effective tool to transmit ideas, values, and attitudes towards the world. Advertising has impacted the roles and standards in all aspects of women today. The advertisements not only are meant to sale objects but to distort the social identity of the viewer (Fogliasso and Thuo 31).
To start of, “You almost never see a photograph of a woman considered beautiful that hasn’t been Photoshopped,” says the recognized author and speaker Jean Kilbourne. The women that we see in our everyday advertisements go through extensive hours of makeup sessions and digital manipulations that alter their image into the unreal. People in our culture do not realize this and believe that what they are being showed is real when in reality it has gone through many refinements to reach the point of so called “perfection”. Due to the unawareness in the subject women are tricked into thinking that there is something wrong with their physical appearance which produces a feeling of rejection and need to ...
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... Journal Of Food & Nutrition Sciences 63.3 (2013): 133-146. Academic Search Complete. Web. 1 Mar. 2014.
Chacón Gordillo, Pedro. "Woman As Sexual Objects in Advertisement.” Communications 16.31 (2008): 403-409. Academic Search Complete. Web. 28 Feb. 2014.
Fogliasso, Christine E., and Esther Muthoni Thuo. "How Changing Social Values Are Reflected In Advertising For Consumer Products." Insights To A Changing World Journal 2013.1(2013): 28-40. Academic Search Complete. Web. 28 Feb. 2014.
Griffin, J, and E M Berry. "A Modern Day Holy Anorexia? Religious Language In Advertising And Anorexia Nervosa In The West." European Journal Of Clinical Nutrition 57.1 (2003): 43. Academic Search Complete. Web. 28 Feb. 2014.
Jhally, Sut, Jean Kilbourne, and David Rabinovitz. Killing Us Softly 4: Advertising's Image of Women. Northampton, MA: Media Education Foundation, 2010.
Beauty is a cruel mistress. Every day, Americans are bombarded by images of flawless women with perfect hair and smooth skin, tiny waists and generous busts. They are presented to us draped in designer clothing, looking sultry or perky or anywhere in between. And although the picture itself is alluring, the reality behind the visage is much more sinister. They are representations of beauty ideals, sirens that silently screech “this is what a woman is supposed to look like!” Through means of media distribution and physical alteration, technology has created unrealistic beauty ideals, resulting in distorted female body images.
From the moment we wake up in the morning media is at our finger tips. As our day goes on we cannot escape all the visual media. One image after another a person’s self-confidence is either boosted or destroyed. Through the use of Photoshop a picture can be altered to get the perfect figure, skin, and hair, but when is the line drawn, when has it gone too far. Hailey Magee takes a stand when it comes to the ethics behind Photoshop in the world of beauty, “In this “Ethical Inquiry” we explore the ethics of digitally altering photos of individuals so as to make the subjects appear “more beautiful” in alignment with cultural standards of beauty”. Shiela Reaves, Jacqueline Bush Hitchon, Sung–Yeon parks, and Gi Woong Yun agree with Hailey Magee in the discussion of photo manipulation in beauty and fashion. “This study is concerned with the moral dilemma that stems from the digital manipulation of magazine ads to render models thinner. Exposure to the “thin ideal” has been linked to such damaging psychological responses as body dissatisfaction, loss of self-esteem, and to eating disorders”. Women and men are constantly affected by exposure to models that achieve the unrealistic beauty outcome of the media. Using the theories of social comparison and cultivation/ media literacy we are able to explain why photo manipulation makes women take on the thin-ideal. In the media driven world photo manipulation has become an accepted practice since it increases sales and fulfils the “thin ideal”, but the emotional and physical damage it has on women is catastrophic.
Merskin, D (2004) Reviving Lolita? : A Media Literacy Examination of Sexual Portrayals of Girls in Fashion Advertising. In American Behavioral Scientist, vol. 48: pp.119-129. London: Sage Publications.
Sex is everywhere you turn. Victoria’s Secret is notorious for their ads that plaster billboards and the sides of buildings, featuring scantily-clad women suggesting an obvious sexual air. The bags you receive at Abercrombie feature half-dressed models, often two of which may be kissing or touching one another. These sexual images are far too present in the every day lives of young children, much younger than what used to be acceptable. Aside from this moral questionability, ads such as these often contain images of unrealistic body types, which exploit insecurity to make consumers use their product, the result of which can be dangerous to mental and physical health. Finally, when I see ads like the one to the right, and rack my brain trying to figure out how a shoe company could possibly make an advertisement that applies sexuality to the least sexual part of the body, I am forced to wonder if companies have gone too far? These ethical issues may leave you asking, “How can we allow this?” But the debate comes down to one major thing: they work. Sex sells. Corporate America spends millions of dollars devoted to studying the effectiveness of various types of advertising. The result of these studies is the discovery that sexuality in advertising can be, and has been, high on the list of effective forms of rhetoric. The success of rhetorical sexuality must outweigh the risks these companies take to go against those who find the use of sexuality a disturbing practice; it is worth it for these companies, and they constantly make sure of that. America loves sex.
The portrayals of men in advertising began shifting towards a focus on sexual appeal in the 1980s, which is around the same that women in advertising were making this shift as well. According to Amy-Chinn, advertisements from 1985 conveyed the message that “men no longer just looked, they were also to be looked at” as seen in advertisements with men who were stripped down to their briefs (2). Additionally, advertisements like these were influencing society to view the male body “as an objectified commodity” (Mager and Helgeson 240). This shows how advertisements made an impact on societal views towards gender roles by portraying men as sex objects, similarly to women. By showcasing men and women in little clothing and provocative poses, advertisements influenced society to perceive men and women with more sexual
In recent years, there has been a term coined that encases the use of sex and violence in advertisements which is “rape myth”3. “Rape Myth” which is the belief that the sexual assault that is committed to women by men is in part the woman’s fault3. This belief has been causing issues in society as now young people who are seeing these ads are more likely to take part is this sexual violence in order to make themselves more like the advertisement’s in real life . For example, in Burger King’s advertisement, as shown in Exhibit 1, that was used to promote their new seven - inch sandwich they used an image of a young woman’s profile with her mouth open with an image of the sandwich right in front of her. Explicitly, the advertisement is just mentioning that they now offer a seven – inch sandwich deal that includes fries and a drink for $6.25. However, it is the implicit message that had consumers talking3. The image demonstrates a sexual tone as it appears that the woman is being dominated by the sandwich, which represents the woman being forced to perform oral sex to the man who is dominating her. Meanwhile, the woman in the ad is wearing heavy makeup and looks slightly frightened at seeing the sandwich up close, which indicates that the woman is a victim of sexual violence. This advertisement is providing the targeted audience with an
The objectification of women is a huge issue in society and is often led by advertising. However, many men still believe that the adverts depicting women in a sexual and often passive posture are not very offensive, but rather very funny or sexy. However, how would they feel if it were their daughter or sister being advertised throughout the world as a sexual object? The Tiger Beer advertisement shown in the appendix is a clear example of the objectification of women in advertising. The Tiger Beer advert was made to appeal to men from the age of 20 to 60.
Martins, Maria Cristina da Silva. Humor and Eroticism in Advertising. San Diego: San Diego State University Press, 1995.
Women – beautiful, strong matriarchal forces that drive and define a portion of the society in which we live – are poised and confident individuals who embody the essence of determination, ambition, beauty, and character. Incomprehensible and extraordinary, women are persons who possess an immense amount of depth, culture, and sophistication. Society’s incapability of understanding the frame of mind and diversity that exists within the female population has created a need to condemn the method in which women think and feel, therefore causing the rise of “male-over-female” domination – sexism. Sexism is society’s most common form of discrimination; the need to have gender based separation reveals our culture’s reluctance to embrace new ideas, people, and concepts. This is common in various aspects of human life – jobs, households, sports, and the most widespread – the media. In the media, sexism is revealed through the various submissive, sometimes foolish, and powerless roles played by female models; because of these roles women have become overlooked, ignored, disregarded – easy to look at, but so hard to see.
The main purpose of advertising is to sell a product or service to the consumer market. Advertising uses many different types of appeal and a number of media to achieve a variety of goals. Advertising is the most effective means to get the word out about products, services, events, charities, and just about anything else that one can think of. Where would sports be today without advertising? Advertising in sports has helped the sports world grow into one of the most profitable industries in the world.
Alexandra Scaturchio, in her article “Women in Media” (2008) describes the media’s idea of beauty as superficial. She supports her argument by placing two pictures side-by-side; a picture of a real, normal-looking woman and her picture after it has been severely digitally enhanced. Her purpose is to show young teenage girls that the models they envy for their looks are not real people, but computer designs. She also states, “the media truly distorts the truth and instills in women this false hope because…they will live their lives never truly attaining this ideal appearance”. Scaturchio wants her readers to realize the media’s distorting capabilities and feel beautiful about themselves, even with flaws.
The average American is exposed to hundreds of advertisements per day. Advertisements targeted toward females have an enormous effect on women's thoughts, attitudes, perceptions, and actions. Most of the time, women don't even realize these advertisements are formulating self-image issues. These ideals surround them daily and they become naturalized to the ads. Advertising creates an entire worldview persuading women to emulate the images they see all around them. In order to create a market for their products, companies constantly prey upon women's self esteem, to feel like they aren't good enough just the way they are. This makes women constantly feel stressed out about their appearance (Moore). Advertising has a negative effect on women's body image, health, and self-esteem.
The primary role of advertising is to inform potential customers of the products and services in the market and convince them to make a purchase. Through advertisements customers are informed of new products, their role, their benefit and the prices at which they are being made available to the customer. It is a technique used to influence people's minds and encourage more sales.
Advertising has been defined as the most powerful, persuasive, and manipulative tool that firms have to control consumers all over the world. It is a form of communication that typically attempts to persuade potential customers to purchase or to consume more of a particular brand of product or service. Its impacts created on the society throughout the years has been amazing, especially in this technology age. Influencing people’s habits, creating false needs, distorting the values and priorities of our society with sexism and feminism, advertising has become a poison snake ready to hunt his prey. However, on the other hand, advertising has had a positive effect as a help of the economy and society.
According to the Economic Times, advertisement is a way to communicate with the users of a specific product or service. In a simpler way, advertisement is a message that has been paid for the intention to inform and influence those who receive it.