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Polio epidemics of the mid 20th century
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The adverse events surveillance system
This is a type of surveillance system, which focuses on the safety on the patient regarding the use of drugs. It is controlled and operated by the food and drug administration. The adverse events surveillance system is purposed to collect information regarding the unintended effects of approved drugs and other therapeutics. Each country has a system in which reporting is done and delivered to the relevant agencies until it reaches the FDA offices. The reports for AERS are voluntary and are sourced from healthcare providers who notice the adverse events in the course of their jobs. They include nurses, physicians, pharmacists and other public members like patients, care takers and lawyers. The product manufacturer
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In the United States, the laboratories are able to participate in the National salmonella surveillance system, by means of electronic reporting of isolates of Salmonella. In the year 2006, there were over 40,000 isolates from the United States being reported through the system. The laboratory stereotyping reveals information that could be used to link cases to a common source. The tool is crucial for analyzing outbreaks of diseases. The pulse net is another important laboratory system. It is used to monitor food borne disease outbreaks. It enables the labs across the country to compare the pulsed-field get electrophoresis, characteristics of the bacteria sourced from the infected person, and to be able to determine if they are similar. This decreases the time required to identify disease outbreaks by geographical regions. It is well in line with public health initiatives which looks to ensure disease prevention, and also prevention of disease spread through quick counter …show more content…
Why or why not?
It is reasonable. It is only through statistics that the bigger picture can be clear and conclusive decisions made. For instance, the progress towards the eradication of polio, was under surveillance. The information from the surveillance data allowed us to see the rapid decline in the cases of polio in the U.S after the inactivated polio vaccine was launched. This observation enabled other countries to institute intensive vaccination programs in areas where polio could still be a problem. So, is statistics are this reliable, why not.
In your opinion, how do you feel the U.S. can improve its health statistics data collection systems?
The United States needs to integrate the health statistic from other countries due to high number of immigrants. This could be key in prevention of diseases from outside its boundaries. In addition, the country needs to educate the public more on the importance of the health statistics they go gathering so that the people can be sensitized and be enthusiastic in providing such information. Very severe punishment should be outlined for those compromising the confidentiality of the data
Pharmacovigilance is defined as study and surveillance of post marketed drugs. The importance of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety of drugs consumed by patients. So, why U.S. Food and Administration (FDA) still surveillance post marketed drug even though, these drugs go through such vigorous review, follow strict procedures and standards that are in compliance with GMP established by FDA during clinical trials and also goes through CDER. The Center of Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) is
Post marketing Surveillance in Clinical Trial Clinical trials containing new drugs are categorized into essential four phases (1). The drug development procedures are usually performed through the all phases over several years (1). The drug will be approved for use in the general population, if it successfully exceeds through the first three phases; I, II, and III. The fourth phase -IV- is called Post marketing Surveillance and/or Post approval studies (2). Postmarketing Surveillance Trial provides
Administration (FDA) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Through these agencies work in donor screening and surveillance, blood transfusions usually cause no adverse reactions in the recipient and are considered a safe medical procedure. Despite this, blood safety remains an important public health matter both due to the seriousness of some adverse reactions when they do occur and the need for preparedness in reacting to future blood safety issues that can suddenly arise when
Pradaxa (dabigatran etexilate mesylate): Drug Safety Communication - Safety Review of Post-Market Reports of Serious Bleeding Events. (2011, December 7). Retrieved September 27, 2014, from http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch/SafetyInformation/SafetyAlertsforHumanMedicalProducts/ucm282820.htm 3. FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA study of Medicare patients finds risks lower for stroke
The Institute of Medicine (IOM) published a report in 1999 entitled “To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System”. The report states that every year in American Hospital about 44000 to 98000 deaths are reported due to hospital errors. The article provides a lot of evidence to support medical errors as one of the main cause of death and injury. Many studies in the article shows that the number of deaths caused due to medical errors exceed those that occur due to motor vehicle accidents, breast
Safety is the main concern in Health Care. Medication error is another aspect. It can be a preventable one. According to the National Coordinating Council for Medication error reporting and Prevention who states “A medication error is any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm while the medication is in the control of the healthcare professional, patient or consumer” (2018).
takes two weeks after injection for the body to develop immunity. (HHS, 2012) (Broadbent & Subbarao, 2011) Data generated from a surveillance program is very important and useful for decision making during a pandemic but when there is not reliable system in place for communication of data to authorities, response activities can be jeopardized. The accessibility of surveillance data generated by hospitals, health department, and physician’s offices, can be greatly enhanced by the use of electronic medical
Outpatient clinic have fewer medication errors in the implementation of a barcode administration system compared to those not using barcode the medication system, result in decreased medication error rate over a period of a year. This is the question that will be presented for this this research proposal. Medication errors occur daily and are steadily on a rise. According to Seibert (2014), adverse drug events has risen to 450, 000 annually from medication errors that resulted in injury, of which approximately
significant to take note that aside from drugs which are known as the most prominent item where most part of the health budget is allocated, preventing and managing adverse drug effects should also be considered. Studies show that poor product quality, drug adverse effects, and healthcare team errors have an enormous impact on the health care system, especially to patient outcomes (Kumar, 2013). Despite the emergent rise in the number of pharmacovigilance centers worldwide, many developing countries still
couldn’t but question whether the second event was caused by the first or whether it was merely a correlation. In fact, it is very unwise to directly jump to conclusions; correlation doesn’t mean causation. According to the VAERS (Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System) database, there have been 24,000 reports of adverse events with Gardasil. This seems to be a big number; however, also according to the VAERS, there have been 60,000 reports of adverse events with measles, rubella and mumps vaccines
• Adverse events: An unintentional act that does not accomplish its outcome such as medication errors and adverse drug events or reactions. • Hazardous Condition: It is any set of conditions, which considerably increases the likelihood of a severe physical or mental adverse patient outcome without the disease or situation for which the patient is being treated for. • Sentinel Event: Is a sudden event comprising death or severe physical or mental injury
The study’s methods may be deemed internally valid. Case-control studies are especially vulnerable to selection bias during the selection of cases and controls. This study selected all participants from a population-based surveillance system. Since the presence or absence of NVP, the exposure, had no influence on the registration of NTD cases and matched controls, selection bias due to faulty sampling procedures was minimized. Likewise, the high participation rates (>80%) and low levels of missing
against these violations to our rights In the years prior to the events of September 11, 2001 ("9/11"), very few voices of support, whether corporate or individual, existed for new technologies that could be considered intrusive. After the series of terrorist attacks in 2001, many Americans began to believe that these new intrusive technologies were a "necessary evil" in the prevention of future attacks by terrorist groups. While the events following 9/11 may have changed the attitude of the American
Root-Cause Analysis and Safety Improvement Plan Root-cause analysis (RCA) is a systematic method used to identify the underlying causes of adverse events or near misses in healthcare settings, aiming to prevent their recurrence and enhance patient safety (Singh, 2023). In this paper, I will conduct a root-cause analysis and develop a safety improvement plan for the issue of delayed response to deteriorating patient condition in an acute care setting. This issue is particularly critical in acute care
samples drugs produced in domestic and foreign drug manufacturing plants, as well as retail stores to ensure manufactures are following the laws. FDA also considers complaints made by patients and health care personnel regarding products during its surveillance (U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2017). This information informs Nurses of the measures taken by the FDA to ensure patients are given safe medications. It also ensures Nurses that they, and their patients can file complaints about medications