Demographics of Mumbai city : According to Wikipedia, Mumbai is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, most populous metropolitan area in India, and the eighth most populous agglomeration in the world, with an estimated city population of 18.4 million and metropolitan area population of 20.7 million as of 2011 . According to the 2011 census, the population of Mumbai was 12,479,608. The population density is estimated to be about 20,482 persons per square kilometer. The living space is 4.5sq meter per person.
Population growth of Mumbai:
Census Population %+/-
1971 5,970,575 -
1981 8,243,405 38.1
1991 9,925,891 20.4
2001 11,914,398 20.7
2011 12,478,447 4.7
(Source- MRDA, Wikipedia)
Actual situation of Waste management in Mumbai :
Mumbai is the capital of Maharashtra State and the financial capital of the country. The city, once a leading industrial centre has now become a tertiary economy, with just
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Figure showing a typical slum in Mumbai
Transportation of waste :
The southern end of the city is very congested due to traffic conditions during daytime. A single refuse truck is in charge to disposal site and due to this a very huge amount of waste is carried in this shift. The reason is due to lack of economy. Small vehicles are used to collect waste within the city and then transferred to the bulk vehicles which take to disposal site.
22% of manual and 78% of mechanical vehicles are employed by corporation to transport waste.
Waste is carried out by different vehicles depending on the distance . Stationary compactors , mobile compactors and closed tempos carry 60 percent of waste , 10 percent by open dumpers and 20 percent through tarpaulin vehicles. Vehicles employed for collection of waste:
Type of vehicle Capacity cum Municipality Private Total
Open trucks 5/10 18 29 47
Compactors 15 138 158
At our factory we extract the harmful elements from the tires and can remove 99.9% of the fiber and metal that is used in tires. Tires that can now longer be driven on with zero to little tread can then be recycled into rubber mulch. People drop off their used and unwanted tires to collection centers where they are picked up in trucks and taken to the manufacturing facility. Torn tires and tire pieces can also be used to make up the mulch. The tires are rinsed to clear excess dirt and debris to leave just the rubber tire ready for steel extraction. The tires are hooked onto a machine that pulls the steel wires from the tire and the rubber tire is then ready to be shredded. All truck loads must contain no large amounts of metal, or less than 5% of inorganic material that can easily be washed off or removed. This is checked to make sure the shredder does not get damaged during the process of shredding the tires.
Firstly, industrialisation has expanded the employment opportunities in India. People living in rural areas have moved to cities in search of better employment.
Landfill is the most frequent waste disposal method all around the world. The present of landfill is recognised as being an important in this days as well as future, especially in low and middle income countries since it is the easiest way to build. Generally, there is two types of landfill can be classified, dry-tomb and bioreactor.
Solid waste is normally collected in a solid waste area equipped with compartments or containers for each type of waste.
With the disposal of solid waste from process, manufacturing and its waste pose considerable challenges for many organizations. Since, landfilling has become limited, and with the cost of waste disposal continuing to rise, they needed alternative measures.
Outer islands have dumpsters that are used for trash generated by workers. Most outer island work is occasional and involves few individuals; therefore waste generation is minimal. Dumpsters from Illeginni, Legan and Carlos are replaced at least quarterly, and more frequently if barge transportation is available. Wastes are shipped to the Kwajalein Solid Waste Management Yard for segregation, incineration, and/or landfilling as needed. Dumpsters from Gagan are transported to Roi-Namur for disposal.
Dharavi is situated on prime real estate in the heart of Mumbai, encompassing almost 293 hectares and housing between 700,000 and 1.2 million residents (Chatterji 2005, p. 198; Sharma 2000). From a distance, a view of Mumbai city exposes the very stark divide between the rich and abject poor; decrepit informal huts made of mud, brick, asbestos and garbage (Desai 1988, p. 71), set against a backdrop of modern million dollar skyscrapers (figure 1). Contrary to this depiction though, Dharavi also stands out for its lively and prosperous informal economy in small-scale industry, handicrafts and recycling (SPARC 2010); that employs over 80% of Dharavi’s residents and produces an annual turnover of over $500 million a year (BUDD 2009; The Economist 2005, p. 43). As a slum, Dharavi is therefore unique in the fact that it is characterized as both a residential and industrial area, a feature that has greatly influenced both the tolerance and encouragement of its existence (Sharma 2000) .
Solid waste pickup services will exist, preventing litter and garbage accumulations. Large fines will be issued if improper garbage and recycling activities are noticed and reported. Almost everything will be recyclable and taken to nearby cities to their recycling plants. Garbage will also be sent out to a nearby dump.
Currently the total population of this city is around
Mumbai is located on a peninsular on the Western coast of Maharashtra state in western India, bordering the Arabian Sea. Bombay is a thriving megacity that has had an economic boom in recent years. It is home to Bollywood and the film "Slumdog Millionaire" was based there. Indeed, property in Mumbai is becoming some of the most expensive in the world. One 28 story structure for one family
Mumbai saw large scale rural-urban migration in the 21st century. Mumbai accommodates 12.5 million people, and is the largest metropolis by population in India, followed by Delhi with
Solid waste can be classified in different types, depending on their source, household waste is generally classified as municipal waste; industrial waste as hazardous waste or hospital waste as infections waste. It quite obvious that South Africa environment is deteriorated by the illegal dumping area that around here. Solid waste is a major problem this country is facing at the moment. The province that is experience this major problem is Gauteng province, this an urban area am taking about, and since it’s clear that over population is the cause of the problem. Gauteng province is an over populated than rural area .solid waste pollution is refuse or garbage that people use in their everyday life in their house, such as plastic
Policy is needed to regulate which course of action should be taken and how it should be implemented. Because of this, many plans and policies revolving around the management of solid waste have been put in place. Sometimes however, a particular policy can have its shortfalls, potentially resulting in its negative aspects outweighing the positive ones. According to the Conference Board of Canada Report, “Canadians dispose of more municipal solid waste per capita than any other country” (2013). Solid waste management in particular, involves many aspects, ranging from packaging waste, food waste, etc. (White & Franke 1999), hence, the following analysis revolves around household and commercial waste – referred to as Municipal Solid Waste (White & Franke. 1999) – in the Greater Vancouver Regional District. Municipal waste is a major health and environmental concern as it contributes to numerous problems like habitat destruction, surface groundwater pollution, and other forms of air, soil, and water contamination. Waste disposal methods like incineration create toxic substances, and landfills emit methane, which contributes to global warming. According to the Zero Waste Objective Report, “The impact of climate change and the increasing awareness of the role of “waste” and “wasting” in the production of greenhouse gas emissions is a constant environmental pressure… (2009). This leads to an increasing limitation of government to prevent and control the volume and toxicity of products in the waste stream and a growing need to shift responsibility to the product manufacturer.
The average resident produces seven and a half pounds of garbage every day that is buried down in landfills and litter lands, costing a great amount of money. Nowadays, people face no more critical problem than the need to save the weakening environment, mainly in urban areas, where solid wastes are uselessly dumped. It has been observed that cities have no controlled structure for garbage disposal. Each year, millions of dollars are spent picking up litter and more is thrown away in valuable materials that could be recycled. As humanity develops new technology and equipment, the level of waste increases every day.
Wastes are the products of our consumptions in our daily life routines such as lunch, work, school and other things we do. Little things such as throwing out a piece of paper, we are producing waste by the seconds. After we consume a product we usually throw out what’s left that can’t be consumed any further. Results in producing waste, substance that are born after it’s been use or consume by us. At the end of each day we throw out a bag full of garbage, all of the materials in that bag (paper towels, cans, leftover foods and many other material’s) all of these are waste. Hospitals produce medical waste such as use needles for treating patients. Corporations produce papers, plastics, tires, steels, cans and many other type of solid waste which contribute to the pollutions that cause health risk and other environmental issues.