Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
The importance of teacher learning
Multiple intelligences and learning styles
Multiple intelligences and learning styles
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: The importance of teacher learning
Adult Educators
From ancient times to Post modern times learning has been the most rivaled dialogue. Education has been a historical perspective and the underlying theme for individual and social evolution. Education in its broadest since (i.e. formal, informal, social, cultural, philosophical, teaching, training and instructing) is a course of action by which we transmit its accumulated values, skills and knowledge. Philosophical debate on the formulation of knowledge still exists today. Grundspenskis (2007) insists personal knowledge is the process that an individual needs to carry out in order to gather, classify, store, search and retrieve knowledge in his/her daily activities. Theories on learning and education have taken on many connotations and adult educator’s are in a position to lay the foundation for adult learners.
The central assumption behind the concern about improved training for adult educators is that it will lead to better performance “(Youngman and Singh, 2005). In recent years, many factors have converged to steadily increase the momentum toward professionalism in the field. The Adult educator’s, are currently being held to higher standards, and not only measured by the programs quality but also measured by learners. An educator of adults seeks knowledge for its own sake in order to gain a 'well-rounded' perspective on learning and to assist the learner with the appropriate tools. As indicated by Burns, Brauner, and Press, the possession of theoretical tools and techniques, and the use of philosophical educational tool make and evaluate decisions particularly pertinent to the field of educating adults (1962). McKenzie (1999) would insist measuring multiple intelligences and its components suggests a ...
... middle of paper ...
...der the preferred learning activities to support their learning mode. “we experience a deep psychological need to be perceived and treated by others as being capable for taking responsibility for ourselves” (Knowles, 1984, p. 6.5) I realize from both, the Adult learner and the adult educator, exerting power in the learning environment indicates or suggests an inclination to control the nature of the learning.
‘Learning may be as natural for human beings as breathing; it is something that individuals do on their own. ‘Learning is a pull strategy.’ Learners “pull” knowledge, and skills, so that they can be successful’ (Rothwell, 2008). Learning is the remedy to adult learner’s issues (i.e. employment, family, and education). The on-going professionalism of the field of adult education has made it essential to draw a distinction between teaching and learning.
Adults are self-motivated. They learn best by building on what they already know and when they are actively engaged (Lindeman, 2010). The approach of adult education revolves around non-vocational ideals and is based on experience rather than subjects (Lindeman, 2010). It helps adults gain knowledge about their powers, capacities, and limitations (Funnell et al, 2012).
...validity. Similarly, he postulates four methods through which a teacher can critically check these assumptions to see whether or not they are valid in the form of four lenses: as teachers and learners, students’ eyes, colleagues’ perceptions, and relevant theoretical frameworks. These lenses are especially applicable in adult learning since teachers must also develop effectiveness on the backdrop of salient assumptions. Once a teacher decides to take up as specific method of adult learning, then he or she must be willing to critically evaluate the results to determine whether or not that was the right choice.
The learning process for adults is never ending and can be very challenging. As an adult educator, teaching adult learners you will face many challenges in the learning process. It is our responsibility to keep the learners engaged, and to help them to realize their full learning potential.
This essay is to consider and discuss how I might apply the theories of Malcolm Knowles, in my own current or future training work. The essay will include a brief biography on Malcolm Knowles, and his theory on adult education / learning andragogy, to include definitions of andragogy and pedagogy, which has been the mainstay of all education theory for hundreds of years.
Edward Lindeman is thought by many to be the founder of contemporary adult education. His work in the area of adult education included the writing of articles, books, public presentations, assistance in the collegiate system as a lecturer of social work and as an associate pastor in the church (Brookfield 1986). Lindeman and Martha Anderson traveled to observe and analyze the German Folk High School system and the worker’s movement. Consequently, Lindeman and Anderson’s comparative research lead to the breakthrough of the German perception of andragogy. Their studies define andragogy as the “true method of adult learning” (1986). In 1968 at Boston University, the initial use of the term “andragogy” to attain prevalent notice of adult instructors occurred when Malcolm Knowles who at the time was an instructor of adult education, presented the term via journal article. In his 1970 book publication, he defined “andragogy” as the art and science of helping adults learn. The concept of self-directed learning, or SDL, maintained below reveals Knowles’ definition of SDL:
One theorist that is relevant to this study is Malcolm Knowles’s theory of adult learning. Though Malcom Knowles may not be the first one to introduce adult learning, he was the one that introduced andragogy in North America. (McEwen and Wills 2014). Andragogy means adult learning. The core concept of Knowles’s Adult learning theory is to create a learning environment or awareness for adults to understand why they learn .Knowles developed six main assumptions of adult learners. Those assumptions are the need to know, self- concept, experience, readiness to learn, orientation to learning and motivation. (McEwen and Wills, 2014)
Howard Gardner is the “John H. and Elisabeth A. Hobbs Professor of Cognition and Education at the Harvard Graduate School of Education and Adjunct Professor of Neurology at the Boston University School of Medicine, and Senior Director of Harvard Project Zero” (Gardner bio, Multiple Intelligences and Education, MI Theory, and Project Zero). As director of Project Zero, it provided and environment that Gardner could begin the exploration of human cognition (Multiple Intelligences and Education). Project Zero colleagues have been designing assessment and the use of multiple intelligences (MI) to realize more personalized curriculum, instruction, and teaching methods; and the quality of crossing traditional boundaries between academic disciplines or schools of thought in education (Gardner bio). MI theories offer tools to educators that will allow more people to master learning in an effective way and to help people “achieve their potential at the workplace, in occupations, and in the service of the wider world” (Gardner papers).
A defining condition of being human is that we have to understand the meaning of our experience. For some, any uncritically assimilated explanation by an authority figure will suffice. But in contemporary societies we must learn to make our own interpretations rather than act on the purposes, beliefs, judgments, and feelings of others. Facilitating such understandings is the cardinal goal of adult education. Transformative learning develops autonomous thinking. (Mezirow 1997, p. 5)
Teaching the adult student is a great and unique responsibility; Andragogy preaches that teaching the adult learner takes a certain skill set and approach in order to be highly effective. The adult teaching theory and approach is based off the characteristics of the adult student. Andragogy views the adult learner as a very highly motivated student, a student ready and prepared to learn, and a student that comes to class with expectations of learning (Knowles 1984, pg12). With such a capable learner in the classroom the teacher must make the necessary adjustments. When teaching the adult learner, the teacher will have respect for their students and respect the fact that each student will have their own individual learning style. The teacher will also allow the adult student to experie...
The definition of Lifelong Learning in any economy has a direct correlation with the social development of the society in general. In contemporary society, the value and its focus is on the considerations of what is and should be the focus of successful living as an individual throughout the entire lifespan. In today’s context, living and learning now go hand-in-hand as the knowledge required of living and working intensifies, and continuing education, training, and professional development becomes an everyday aspect of an adult
Within the andragogical model described by Knowles, Holton, and Swanson (2015), adults need learning experiences that are different than those found in the pedagogical model. Instead of waiting for experiences that are directed and controlled by a teacher, adults need to have a clear rationale and understanding for the learning, feel past experiences are valuable, and have a developed internal system for motivation in order to help a learning experience be successful. The connection and orientation to the learning task, the readiness to learn, and self-concept are other important ideas to adult learning.
In summary, I guess I disagree with the theory that adults learn differently than children. I think we all learn the same. I think it is the strategy that is different. I believe that the role of any good educator is to guide the learner into connecting what they are learning in the classroom to their world.
What kind of experience can be called an education? Is it the practice of stuffing knowledge or information into the brains of students? Or is it the activity in which the master shows their apprentices the proper skills to make delicate works? People are prone to accumulate possessions. For some, they stock up substantial materials. But others prefer to possess knowledge. There were many sophists who proclaimed themselves to be omniscient and gave instructions to anyone who sought for their help. As we have noticed, “certain professors of education must be wrong when they say that they can put a knowledge into the soul which was not there before, like sight into blind eyes” (Plato 4). Education can only be done when the restrictions are removed and the latent potentials of students are provoked. In the soul of everyone there already exists the power and capacity of learning. Education is to activate those powers and capacities so as to complete the ascent from becoming into being.
Develop teaching expertise is the part of proposition from NBPTS, specifically knowing the subjects they teach and how to teach those subjects to students (1987). One of the methods is continue to pursue their professional development by joining a professional association or organization, attending a workshop, and reading a professional journal, website, or books. These ideas enhance teachers’ cognitive growth by enlarge information of the latest strategies or method, enhance cognitive growth, and learning to help the teachers to become expert in their teaching and influence on student learning.
Education is the act or process of providing knowledge skills or competence by a formal course of instruction or training. Through out history societies have sought to educate their people to produce goods and services, to respond effectively and creatively to their world, and to satisfy their curiosity and aesthetic impulses. To achieve reliable knowledge and to think systematically. Over the course of human history education has appeared in many forms, both formalised and informal. Major thinkers have always recognised the educational value of intellectual exploration and of concrete experimentation. Most societies have attempted to standardise the behaviour of their members. These societies have apprenticeship systems by which the young have learned to imitate the beliefs and behaviours of a given group. Teachers have worked within schools of thought cults, monasteries and other types of organisations to shape desired convictions, knowledge and behaviour. Such philosophical and religious leaders as the Budha, Confucius, Pythagoras, Jesus, Moses, Muhammad and Karl Marx instructed their disciplines through informal education.