Companies are using AM for building prototypes at a fast rate compared to other design methods and its application ranges from automobiles, medicines, special purpose engineering, lifestyle and tool making (Harris).
Without undermining this technology and its benefits, it has been unfolded that additive manufacturing can be further improved, particularly in regards to the materials used and its speed. The Royal Academy of engineering (2013) noted that there is a need to come up with better materials that can be used for additive manufacturing. The existence of machines that process metals by using powder to create objects, a process known as sintering, has proven to be helpful and efficient to industrial users. However, as much as Scalmalloy, a new metallic alloy used in AM, has both met and addressed the needs of manufacturers, further research and intense development of polymers should be conducted and made. The materials that are currently in use have been identified as producing UV resins that are toxic in nature, making these materials a critical issue that needs to be addressed. Furthermore, in regards to the speed of AM, it has been established that we need a new creation of machines that can work much faster than the current which often use injection moulding. This is important because the existing AM is not up to speed with the present technologies.
The common classes of materials that additive manufacturing currently use are those of plastics and industrial metals like Nickel, Steel and Aluminum. These materials have not failed in providing the desired results, however, they have been marked with several demerits that include high cost of the materials, being labor-intensive, and perhaps the major demerit being, consum...
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...uction processes and that they apply a combination of technologies used in manufacturing to make the process conventional and easy software integration to achieve adaptability and high flexibility of the AM-machines during the production processes. The processes are also aimed at meeting customer requirement in the design and fabrication and increase speed, quality, value added network for competency and transparency of the whole process.
In conclusion, through application and use of additive manufacturing, there will be a realization of on-demand manufacturing that has improved volume resulting from increasing the production volume of AM-machines at a reduced production or manufacture cost. The products as also of improved quality produced and minimum lead time possible as compared with other tooling work. This will result in a revolutionized manufacturing industry.
Production has also been economised by the introduction automated production with continual processes. This allows an easy and flexible method to
When the per-unit cost is no longer a factor, we can move to a system of on-demand manufacturing where production accurately reflects consumer demand. On-demand manufacturing also reduces the need for warehousing, as manufacturers will be able to shift from storing end goods to raw materials and have substantially more flexibility in production, as one raw material provides access to numerous end goods. The increased capability provided by 3D printing will significantly reduce the
...nagement practices which result in measurable continous quality improvement. It is this ongoing procceess of quality improvement. It is this ongoing process of quality improvement which contribute to changes in production.
In hybrid machines, the additive print head is typically treated as an interchangeable CNC tool, which can automatically be swapped out for other milling tools. Because additive manufacturing is much more efficient with materials compared to milling, hybrid systems are intended to produce a part predominantly though the additive process as opposed to milling. Material is first deposited layer-wise by additive manufacturing to obtain a part which is close to its final shape, and then followed by CNC milling to obtain the final part .
Computer aided design (CAD) is used in design offices around the world because speed and efficiency is extremely valuable. The idea of Concurrent Design Engineering is a relatively new concept that has improved the speed that designers produce a product. Concurrent Design Engineering is a way to integrate all the processes in design back to a three-dimensional geometric data base or a CAD model. All the steps in designing a product have an opportunity to contribute to and be actively informed of decisions and changes throughout the process of design. CAD has the ability to generate fast, easy to understand models that can be altered with ease and with concurrent design engineering, any changes would be known by everybody involved. Each of the different areas of product design are equally important and some parts of the process may be able to aid another which is why concurrent design engineering is so important. Computer software and hardware is becoming so sophisticated that it may eventually eliminate the need for any analog drawing. With the improving technology the ability to transfer graphic information across the globe has become easy.
During this project, I am going to mention the details of TOYOTA production process system which was developed more than 40 years ago by Taiichi Ohno, the president of Toyota Motor company at that time. The production system that Toyota company uses now and before is relevant to the concept of the process costing system which is currently used in all department of the company.
Throughout the history of modern civilization, there have been a number of inventions, contraptions, and processes to have made profound impacts on everyday life, and redefine the world, as we know it. With effective quality management, measures American industrialist and innovator Henry Ford used the assembly line to streamline the automotive manufacturing process and transform the American Industry. With the implementation of the assembly line in his manufacturing process Ford was able to offer the American consumer an affordable automobile, while at the same time cutting costs to his company, therefore maximizing his overall productiveness and profit while ensuring his customers’ needs were met.
Different jobs require various amounts of labor, expenses and raw materials subject to the superiority of the jobs to be carried out. The quality and size of items demanded can vary. Therefore, such a job might not need a standard manufacturing method. On no account are two jobs precisely similar. The finished product may not be the same. Clearly, the cost of every job will be different depending on the individuality of the work order obtained from clients.
Focus shall be on utilizing pre-production tools while developing the prototypes. Actual material, wherever possible, shall be used in the development of prototypes rather than having substituted parts. Make the prototypes as closer as possible to actual outputs.
Forging, one of many manufacturing process, is where metal is pressed, pounded or squeezed under great pressure into high strength parts known as forgings. The process begins with starting stock which is heated to its plastic deformation temperature, then upset between dies to the desired shape and size. It is important to note that the forging process is entirely different from the casting (or foundry) process, as metal used to make forged parts is never melted and poured (as in the casting process). During this hot forging process, coarse grain structure is broken up and replaced by finer grains. Mechanical properties are therefore improved through reduction of cast structure, voids and segregation. Forging also provides means for aligning
The development of the manufacturing industry, quality and control, manufacturing capacity increase or the duration and the need to reduce cost has arisen is inevitable. Thus automation and programming concepts were started years ago. Automation is a machine's operative procedures and their sequence start form beginnig to end without human intervention, and its done automatically. Programming of the sequence of operations is prerared and tranfered to the counter. A bench during the operation of the program, and in the process, this will provide for amendments to the alignment and speed, then the counter is called flexibility.
Operations – To work out the right layout and work flow process in the company. The manpower resource allocation is also critical in the situation on the right balance of resource to handle the production. If possible, adopt a hybrid model to handle the flexibility in the product nature, make both the production line being able to configure standard and customized so to reduce setup and changeover time and cope with the demands.
We often think of automation as modern but with that there is a history that is dynamic and large. Automation in manufacturing is used to have machines perform processes with levels of speed, consistency, and precision that is more capable than a human worker. Manufacturing automation has many benefits.
Computer integrated manufacturing is a relatively new technology arising from the application of many computer science sub disciplines to support the manufacturing enterprise. The technology of CIM emphasizes that all aspects of manufacturing should be not only computerized as much as possible but also linked together via a computer communication network into an integrated whole. In short, CIM has the potential to enable manufacturers to build cheaper, higher-quality products and thus improve their competitiveness.
Product designing, in this stage for continuous quality improvement the parameters of the design gets changed and the level of tolerance gets altered. This is very difficult for the manufacturing companies in implementation stage.