Summary
We have to develop an adaptive thresholding system for greyscale image binarisation. The simplest way to use image binarisation is to choose a threshold value, and classify all pixels with values above this threshold value as white and all other pixels as black. Thresholding essentially involves turning a colour or greyscale image into a 1-bit binary image. If, say, the left half of an image had a lower brightness range than the right half, we make use of Adaptive Thresholding. Global thresholding uses a fixed threshold for all pixels in the image and therefore works only if the intensity histogram of the input image contains distinct peaks corresponding to the desired subject and background. Hence, it cannot deal with images containing, for example, a strong illumination gradient.
Local adaptive thresholding, on the other hand, selects an individual threshold for each pixel based on the range of intensity values in its local neighbourhood. This allows for thresholding of an image whose global intensity histogram doesn't contain distinctive peaks.
The assumption behind method is that smaller image regions are more likely to have approximately uniform illumination, thus being more suitable for thresholding. Firstly, we develop a method based on the local row average to binarise the current line using that threshold. We then extend this technique to a moving window of different sizes.
Method
For the first part of the assignment, we develop a method based on the local row average to binarise the current line using that threshold. We consider each individual row at a time; calculate the average brightness value for that row based on the brightness values of all the pixels in that row. We then use this average value to binarise that row. We then proceed to the next row and so on. In this way we binarise the whole image.
For the second part of the assignment, we make a window of user defined size around the centre pixel under consideration, calculate the average value for all the pixels in this window and then binarise that centre pixel using this average value as the threshold value. We continue this procedure till we binarise the whole image.
For the pixels towards the edges of the image, we check for the number of pixels preceding the centre pixel. If this number is less than half the window size, we modify our code accordingly to take care so that we calculate the average value for that centre pixel.
Romeo and Juliet, written by William Shakespeare, is a story of two young lovers. These two hearts, Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet belong to feuding families. The family feud causes them to keep their love a secret and therefore only Romeo, Juliet, Benvolio, the Nurse and Friar Lawrence know of their love. Romeo and Juliet are able to look past the feud and let themselves fall in mad love with the other. They let themselves do almost anything for the other and at times it seems like too much to do, even for the one they love. Although fate and character traits play a key role in the play, ultimately Rome and Juliet’s personal choices lead to their downfall.Fate originates all of the conflicts in Romeo and Juliet, from when they met until they die.
With Takata, we see a company attempting to profit from a faulty product. This has lead to the injuries of many people and threatened the lives of countless more. The company was not acting prudently just so they could meet the demands of just-in-time manufacturing. They dove deep into the excess of Aristotle’s mean, depicting the decision makers of the company as greedy and no longer of virtue. Todd Rutherford, the founder of GettingBookReviews.com, can also be labeled the same. He began a company that generated fake reviews of books so as to sway consumers to purchase them. He blatantly went under the guise of an actual consumer and lied in order to generate income. It would be acceptable, under the Doctrine of the Mean, to lie if one’s objective were ultimate happiness. But when one lies in such excess, as Rutherford did, it is not supported. Both of the actions taken by each company were voluntary and not under any external compulsion. The two were acting incontinent with qualification and knowingly making unfair decisions devoid of any rectificatory justice as well. Takata was accepting full price for defective, mishandled and even dangerous products, while Rutherford was taking money for something that is supposed to be a free tool and intended to be made by actual consumers. In addition, Takata took it a step further by vacating distributive justice. When they ran secret tests to determine the safety of certain air bag canisters, Takata immediately became responsible for issuing a recall to all products. But instead, they put consumers in the hands of chance and distributed unequal products to them, even though every customer paid an equal
When Romeo and Juliet first met was it truly by fate, an accident, or the beginning of an uncertain outcome? First of all Romeo and Benvolio come across two servants who mention the party at the Capulet house and invite Romeo and Benvolio to come. The first mistake Romeo makes is when he decided to attend the party even though it is the party of their rivals, the Capulets. Romeo decides to go because Rosaline will be there and he plans to wear a mask so no one will realize he is a Montague. Pursuing this further Romeo arrives at the party with a heavy heart and is searching for Rosaline. While searching for Rosaline, Romeo is blindsided by Juliet’s grace and beauty, which causes him to suppress the thoughts of Rosaline. Romeo unable to control himself says, “O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright!/It seems she hangs upon the cheek of night” (I.V.17). Finally Romeo was recognized as a Montague by Tybalt, the nephew of Lord Capulet. Tybalt reaches for his sword to confront and kill Romeo in front of all of the g...
“He who will hold another down in the mud must stay in the mud to keep him down.” This quote by Chinua Achebe describes the self-inflictions when a person purposely goes after another. This goes hand-in-hand with the Nigerian author’s magnum opus, Things Fall Apart. For the duration of the book, Achebe uses subtle events to create amplifying changes. He uses Okonkwo’s relationship with others, his learning about the Oracle of the Hills and the Caves. Achebe also uses Okonkwo’s fear of change for the Ibo regarding to the missionaries and their spread of Christianity through the region. Creating universal and relatable characters, Chinua Achebe warns people of rash actions and their effects over time.
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In the case of R v Oakes, the main topic dealt with the reverse burden of proof that was brought upon the accused, David Edwin Oakes. The issue that was
Though, these types of discussion could go on for hours, William Shakespeare’s play is a perfect example of why fate truthfully exists in this world. In the Prologue of Romeo and Juliet, the description of them as “star- crossed” suggests that fate will play a part of the tragedy. It not a coincidence that Romeo and Juliet meet in the first place, a serving man comes to Romeo and asks him if he can read. “God ‘I’ good e’en. I pray, sir, can you read (Romeo & Juliet 1.2. 59)?” The serving man appreciates that Romeo has helped him and informs him about the Capulet party unaware that he is a Montague: “My master is the great rich Capulet, and , if you be not of the house of Montages, I pray come and crush a cup of wine (Romeo & Juliet 1.2. 86-88).” It was by fate that Romeo and Benvolio found out about the party as it was not just a simple accident that a serving men tells the two cousins about the party where Romeo us destined yet unknowing that he will meet his love. Moreover, before Romeo attends the Capulet’s party, he says “Some consequence yet hanging in the stars shall begin his fearful date (Romeo & Juliet 1.4. 110-111).” Romeo foresees what fate will do to him as he says that something bad might happen if he shows up at the Capulet’s party, which is where he will meet Juliet. It was fate that they meet; even Romeo states that, “hanging in the stars (Romeo & Juliet 1.4. 109),”
Through the complications exposed by the feud, Shakespeare reveals that this contributes to Romeo and Juliet’s troubles. The feud between the two families causes the death of two ‘star crossed lovers’. Although they are from different worlds Romeo and Juliet fell in love without even knowing each other identify which shows how madly they had fallen for each other. This makes them more egger to disobey their own families to
I have been waiting for such a perfect opportunity to purchase my dream computer; the MacBook Pro, manufactured by Apple that weighs 2.02 kg. Getting the right specification was the breakthrough because, even more, my desire for the 15-inch laptop computer. The 15-inch computer has over 5 million pixels, which gives it a stunning look, with images taking a new level of pragmatism. It has an impressive 2880-by-1880 resolution that enables the eyes to view more of high-resolution images. Besides, it has a Retina display , which minimizes glare, maintaining an incredible quality and color. As a result, the high contrast ratio makes black images look blacker while white images look whiter. The inclusive IPS technology allows the user to view everything on the screen at a 178-degrees angle.
The constant change within the society is inevitable in every culture, ranging from traditional sense of social values to the law and condition of the land that people needs to obey by as time when on. And these changes within the culture can have significant impact on the perspective of the whole community and the mindset of an individual. We can see this in Achebe’s “Things Fall Apart” as the old Igbo culture clashing with the Missionaries’s ideals from the western world that leads to the dividing of the two culture and create this social barrier between them as one culture would often contradict with the other. This changes unfold to the reader through the eyes of the main character of the story, Okonkwo.
Due to the development of ICT, adaptive learning, which takes into account individual learners’ needs, is changing. Learners’ learning styles are one of the most significant characteristics. They can be categorized according to a number of criteria which are based on cognitive and emotional components of personality. Their combination leads to the countless individual variants of real learning methods which – to a certain degree – can be influenced by the current e-learning resources. When the e-learning resources can react to the learners’ input characteristics or their learning results, they become adaptive e-learning systems (AES) or intelligent AES.
For my comic book, I decided to hand draw every image and color them on my computer using a program called GIMP. The program allowed me to implement vibrant colors and clean lines to make c...
Throughout Chinua Achebe’s novel, Things Fall Apart, struggle between change and tradition is one of the most relevant issues. The Igbo villagers, Okonkwo, and his son Nwoye all experience this problem in many different ways. The villagers have their religion defied, Okonkwo reaches his breaking point and Nwoye finally finds what he believes in. People have struggled to identify and cope with change and tradition throughout history, and will continue to struggle with this issue in the
...mathematical skills because they are not surrounded by boys who are claimed to “dominate the classroom”(Hyde). Some who say single-sex education is ineffective and/or undesirable make many different claims such as Students in single-sex classrooms will eventually live and work with the other sex. Teaching students in single-sex schools limit their chances to work together and co-exist successfully with the opposite sex (Stanberry). In other words there are several different, logical arguments against the idea of single-sex education.
Humans can expand their knowledge to adapt the changing environment. To do that they must “learn”. Learning can be simply defined as the acquisition of knowledge or skills through study, experience, or being taught. Although learning is an easy task for most of the people, to acquire new knowledge or skills from data is too hard and complicated for machines. Moreover, the intelligence level of a machine is directly relevant to its learning capability. The study of machine learning tries to deal with this complicated task. In other words, machine learning is the branch of artificial intelligence that tries to find an answer to this question: how to make computer learn?