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Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia essay
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Compare and contrast acute lymphocytic leukemia and acute myelogenous leukemia in children. What are possible presenting features and diagnostic criteria? What are the cure rates with treatment?
Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is a form of cancer that occurs when the lymphoid stem cell is affected thereby causing abnormal white blood cells to build up in the bone marrow. This cancer rapidly produces and replaces healthy cells with immature lymphoblast. The leukemia cells moves into the bloodstream to other organs and tissues where further growth and division occurs. The proliferation of cancer cells to other area produces a variety of symptoms. ALL typically occurs in children under the age of 15, however it can happen at any age. ALL is
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According to the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria, ALL is diagnosed when “lymphoblasts account for more than 20% to 25% of cells”(Epocrates, 2014). Symptoms of ALL can depend on which areas of the body the cancerous cells had spread to. However generalized symptoms include fever, weight loss, fatigue, night sweats and loss of appetite. Recurring infections, bruising easily and bleeding are common indicator of shortages of normal blood cells associated with ALL. Patients could also have swelling in the abdomen if the abnormal cells build up in the liver and spleen. Joint pain could occur if the leukemia cells increase inside the joint or near the bone. If the cells build up to the brain or spinal cord, it could cause weakness, seizures, vomiting, facial numbness or blurred vision (American Cancer Society, …show more content…
(2014). Signs and Symptoms of acute lymphocytic leukemia. Retrieved from http://www.cancer.org/cancer/leukemia-acutelymphocyticallinadults/detailedguide/leukemia-acute-lymphocytic-signs-symptoms
Cancer Treatment Centers of America. (2014). Leukemia Types. Retrieved from http://www.cancercenter.com/leukemia/types/tab/acute-lymphocytic-leukemia/
National Cancer Institute. (2014). Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia / Other Myeloid Treatment. Retrieved from http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/childAML/Patient/page1
Epocrates. (2014). Diagnostic Criteria, World Health Organization Classsification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. Retrieved from https://online.epocrates.com/u/2936273/Acute+lymphocytic+leukemia/Diagnosis/Criteria
Epocrates. (2014). Acute myelogenous leukemia. Retrieved from https://online.epocrates.com/u/2936274/Acute+myelogenous+leukemia/Diagnosis/Criteria
National Cancer Institute. (2014). Childhood Acute Lymphoblatic Leukemia Treatment. Retrieved from
Pediatric oncology has been so very rewarding in many ways, but also so very cruel in a few ways. The good days are great, but the sad days are heartbreaking. But beyond the death and the suffering, there is a whole other layer of
Progress and innovation are key components to discover new possibilities to fight against childhood cancer. To begin with, my interest in healthcare sparked when I was diagnosed with childhood sarcoma cancer at the age of seven. As a cancer
...essive episodes (CareNotes). As chemo is administered, patients may aquire other issues, such as a loss in appitite, less energy, sores in the mouth, pain throughout the body, an increased heartbeat, coughing or breathing issues, and confusion (CareNotes). According to CareNotes, patients must stay away from people that are sick, due to a decreased immune system, and they must drink a lot of water to stay hydrated.
Pediatric Oncology is at the heart of many organizations. There are many financial and emotional burdens associated with a loved one having cancer, and thanks to these foundations parents and children can sleep a little bit better at night knowing that someone has their back. Some of the more prominent groups that have an impact here in our community are: Alliance for Childhood Cancer, Bear Necessities Pediatric Cancer Foundation, CURE Childhood Cancer, and National Cancer Institute (Mccaul). These are organizations that make an impact in the lives of the children battling cancer and their families. Whether an organization has been started in memory of a loved one or to support a college or hospital, organizations like those listed above have
Aplastic Anemia is a form of cancer that affects the bone marrow. Bone marrow is a soft tissue that is located on the inside of larger bones. This disease I rare and is not restricted for any gender. Aplastic Anemia occurs when the bone marrow stops producing enough red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets for the body. Platelets are another form of cell that do not contain a nucleues. They circulate in the blood and keep us from bleeding. When the marrow produces these cells, the cells are normal in the way they function, but the marrow does not produce enough of the cells in order for the body to function properly. The word Aplastic actually means “a failure in development”.This disease was first discouvered in 1888 by Dr. Paul Ehrilch. He discouvered this disease after he studied a case where a preganant women died of bone marrow failure. In 1904 this condition was classified as Aplastic Anemia. The causes of this disease are un known. Risk factors of this condition tthat can increase your chnace of Aplastic anemai include exposure to envoirnmental toxins, paint , oil and coal emmsiosns, industrial soilvents, certain viruses or medications, medications used to treat rheumatoid arthiritis,bone marrow diseases and preganancy. This disease can be inhearited or caused by envoirnmental substances. When Aplastic anemia is heriditary it is less comon. Heriditary Anemia is caused by the genes being passed down from parent to child. People who have heriditary anemia have other development or genetic abberants. Faconi is the name used when aplastic Anemia is herediatary. Children with abnormal chromosomes are likely to inherit this condition. One who has herediatary Aplastic Anemia will have abnormalities in...
The most noticeable signs of lymphedema of the affected limb or body area include swelling on part of or all of the limb or area, a heavy feeling, tightness, difficulty moving or bending the hand, wrist, foot, or ankle, achiness, recurring skin infections, fatigue, and thickening and hardening of the skin. Swelling for lymphedema ranges from non-visible, people can see slight swelling with a heavy feeling; reversible, swelling at the distal end of the extremity and it reduces upon elevation; irreversible, fibrosis is present with thickening and one extremity is bigger than the other; and severe, limbs become abnormally larger than the rest of the body. In the course of cancer treatments lymphedema might not occur until months or years later. People with this condition are more at risk for developing cellulitis, lymphangitis, or edema may worsen over time. If left untreated cellulitis can lead to septicemia, abscesses, ulcerations, and/or
Steen, Grant R. and Joseph Mirro. Childhood Cancer: A Handbook From St.Jude Children's Research Hospital . Cambridge, MA: Perseus Publisher, 2000.
- Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): is a cancer of the bone marrow and the blood that progresses rapidly without treatment. This cancer is very common in children 1 to 19 years old. ALL affects the blood cells and immune system. It is very important to start treatment as soon as possible after diagnosis.
The emphasis on health and fitness has become paramount in our society today in an effort to prevent and combat diseases such as Cancers. Cancers are a group of over 100 diseases that affects every aspect of the human system from skin, to bones, to muscles, to blood. One of the most common blood disorders is Leukemia. As defined by the U.S. National Library of Medicine, Leukemia is a type of blood cancer that begins in the bone marrow. The bone marrow is the soft tissue in the center of the bone that is responsible for the production of blood cells. The term leukemia means white blood. The term leukocytes refer to white blood cells, which are body’s defense against infections and other foreign substances. When Leukemia occurs there is an uncontrolled increase in the number of white blood cells. When this occurs, these cancerous cells inhibit the production of healthy red blood cells, platelets, and mature white blood cells. Over time the cancerous cells can spread to the bloodstream and lymph nodes. They can also travel to the Central Nervous System and the rest of the body.
Chronic Myeloid leukemia (CML) is a blood and bone marrow disease that slowly progresses. The disease usually occurs in middle aged or older individuals and rarely occurs in children. In CML, an unusually high number of blood stem cells become granulocytes. These granulocytes, also called leukemia cells are irregular in shape and do not develop into healthy white blood cells. Eventually, they concentrate in the blood leaving no room for healthy cells which may lead to infection, anemia, or bleeding. The typical signs of CML include fatigue, fever, night sweats, and weight loss (6).
Infant Leukaemia: A Report From The Children's Oncology Group." Paediatric & Perinatal Epidemiology 25.6 (2011): 559-565. Academic Search Premier. Web. 28 Jan. 2014.
Kids are meant to be happy, play outside, go to school, and have fun. They aren’t meant to sit in hospitals, losing weight by the pound, carrying around IV poles filled with poison. It’s ridiculous and immature that we don’t have a cure for childhood cancer. The only “treatment” that we have is chemotherapy- a chemical that seems to help fight off cancer. Chemo doesn’t just fight off cancer cells though- it fights off healthy cells in your blood, mouth, digestive system, and hair follicles. The most frustrating thing about childhood cancer is that only 4% of federal funding is exclusively dedicated to childhood cancer research. It is true that more adults get diagnosed with cancer than kids, but does that mean that adults are 96% more important than children? The average age of diagnosis for an adult with cancer is age 67, and the average number of years lost is 15. 15 years are definitely many years, but not that many compared to the average number of years lost for a child- 71. Also, age 67 is a lot older than the average age of diagnoses for a child- age 6. At least the adults get to grow up and have the ability to even have cancer- some of these kids can’t even get through a fifth of their lives.
For pediatric cancer, the most common is Leukemia. There are four main types of Leukemia: acute lymphoblastic leukemia or ALL, acute myeloid leukemia AML, chronic lymphocytic leukemia CLL and chronic myeloid leukemia CML. The chronic leukemias occur when two chromosomes switch place. This produces enzymes, and these enzymes trigger cell growth. It may take as much as 10 years for chronic cancers to fully develop. More and more white blood cells start appearing. They resemble normal blood cells, but are actually very harmful to the body. The other most common type of Leukemia is acute. This cancer, unlike the chronic cancers, develop very quickly. Premature white blood cells start multiplying very quickly. Seventy percent of all cases can be cured through chemotherapy, radiation, or bone marrow transplant
No matter who it happens to, any type of cancer is heart breaking. However, one’s heart seems to crack a little bit deeper when you hear a child has been diagnosed. Several forms of cancer can arise during childhood. The most common is called acute lymphoblastic/lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). In fact, it is so common between the ages 0-14, that people refer to it as childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Kanwar, 2013).
How does one see the symptoms for childhood cancer? First one must know that there are many different types. There are forty different types of children’s cancer, including: Leukemia, Lymphoma, Sarcomas, cancers of the nervous system, liver cancers, kidney cancer, and more. Out of these cancers, the two most common childhood cancers are Leukemia, and brain tumors. What is leukemia? It is a cancer in which the bone marrow and other organs that produce blood produce and increased amount of immature or abnormal white blood cells. The symptoms of leukemia are paleness, excessive bruising, pain in the joints, and fatigue. Brain tumors are formed when a massive amount of cells are produced on the brain. The symptoms for this are frequent headaches, vomiting, seizures, decreased coordination, weakness, and problems concerning vision.