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Inflammation which is part of the innate immune system is a process by which the body reacts to injury protecting it from infection and foreign substances with the help of the body’s white blood cells “Inflammation can be defined as the body’s local vascular and cellular response to injury caused by factors that invade and injure the body from the outside (exogenous factors) or factors within the body that result in cellular or tissue injury (endogenous) factors” (Battle, 2009, P 238). Factors such as bacteria, viruses, burns, frostbite, chemical irritants, immune reactions and physical injury are examples of factors that can cause inflammation through different mechanisms. It is a protective mechanism with rapid response that neutralizes or destroys agents that causes injury and creates a barrier that limit the injury and prevents its spread to normal tissues (Battle, 2009). Also, it has elements that removes debris and heals the wound generated by the injury. It can be divided into acute and chronic inflammation.
Acute inflammatory is the initial response of the body following an injury “Acute inflammation is short term and can be measured in hours or days” (Battle, 2009, P 238). This response is achieved through the release of leukocyte and plasma into the injured tissues. The predominant cells in acute inflammation are neutrophils. This inflammatory response involves the local vascular and immune system within the tissue. There are five cardinal signs signifying acute inflammation: 1) warm and 2) redness due to increased blood flow to the injured ...
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...ases. Retrieved from http://www.chronicdiseaseimpact.com/
Battle C: Essentials of Public Health Biology. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett; 2009.
Center for Disease Control and Prevention: Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/
Center for Disease Control and Prevention: Deaths: Leading Causes for 2006. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr58/nvsr58_14.pdf
Center for Disease Control and Prevention: Twenty Leading Causes of DALY: Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/basics/YLDs.html
Inflammatory Remedy: Chronic Inflammation. Retrieved from http://www.inflammationremedy.com/herbal-remedies/inflammationremedy/chronic-inflammation
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation: Chronic Conditions: Making the Case for Ongoing Care. Retrieved from http://www.rwjf.org/qualityequality/product.jsp?id=14685
What is the physiologic mechanism causing the wound to become red, hot, swollen, and painful?How is this different than the inflammatory response that might occur in an internal organ?
Inflammation: the response to injured tissue that stops bleeding and causes swelling and warmth as the tissue prepares to repair itself
Inflammation is the reaction of the body's tissue to an injury, fundamental in the innate and adaptive response. Signs of inflammation are characterised as rubor, dolor, tumor and calor, meaning redness, pain, swelling and heat respectively. The benefits of inflammation outweighs the adverse effects and is important for survival although too much inflammation might cause harm, like sepsis or septic shock[4].
Over the year's, our health organization's have grown to better serve our communities globally through CDC. "CDC has 23 programs designated as WHO global collaborating centers, providing our expertise and capabilities to protect Americans at home from threats abroad" (CDC, 2016). CDC continues to change their strategies against disease prevention to try to eradicate all diseases. "Many deaths in the United States are attributable to lifestyle and personal actions on the part of individuals, such as tobacco use, improper diet and activity patterns, overuse of alcohol and firearms, unsafe sexual behavior, and vehicular accidents while under the influence of alcohol" (Williams & Torrens, 2008, pp. 154). Most diseases are contributed to bad lifestyle choices, genetic's and also poor health insurance policies."Many of the health insurance plans issued at the present time do not include reimbursement for health promotion and disease prevention, and as a result, individuals who may actually have health insurance coverage of a general nature are not covered for health promotion and disease prevention services" (William & Torrens, 2008, pp.
In some diseases, the inflammation is clearly an immune reaction, the body's defense against invading microorganisms. In others, the cause is different or unknown. Infectious Arthritis This disease is most common in young adults. Infection in a joint is usually caused by bacteria or other microorganisms that invade the joint from its blood vessels.
The Center of Disease Control and Prevention performs studies to acquire information about the health and wellness of the general public. Some of these studies include simple censuses that ask people about preexisting conditions, height, weight, age, and their family history and health. They also look to see how certain diseases affect a person’s body and how they can be dealt with. For example, the Center of Disease Control and Prevention would conduct studies of people in different age groups and family history hat already have heart disease. They then look to see if the cause of heart disease in the different age groups is influenced by any particular factors. They have found that the risk of heart disease is increased if a person has a genetic history of heart disease caused by hypercholesterolemia and by ingesting high fat foods, low exercise, and ingesting harmful products like alcohol or tobacco. The main fields that the CDC focuses these studies upon are Diseases and Conditions, Emergency Preparedness and Response, Environmental Health, Life Stages and Populations, Healthy Living, ...
...isease Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 03 Dec. 2013. Web. 28 Jan. 2014.
...Control and Prevention. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 28 Oct. 2011. Web. 13 May 2014. .
Sepsis is defined as an exaggerated, overwhelming and uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response to an initially localised infection or tissue injury, which may lead to severe sepsis and septic shock if left untreated (Daniels, 2009; Robson & Daniels, 2013; Dellinger et al, 2013; Perman, Goyal & Gaieski, 2012; Vanzant & Schmelzer, 2011). Septic shock can be classified by acute circulatory failure as a result of massive vasodilation, increased capillary permeability and decreased vascular resistance in the body, causing refractory hypotension despite adequate fluid resuscitation. This leads to irreversible tissue ischaemia, end organ failure and ultimately, death (McClelland & Moxon, 2014; Sagy, Al-Qaqaa & Kim, 2013, Dellinger et al, 2013).
The inflammatory response is a nonspecific response to cellular injury and bacterial invasion. Inflammation is the primary defense in early gingivitis. Biofilm can initiate an inflammatory response if it is left undisturbed for as little as seventy two hours. Redness and swelling are two of the cardinal signs of inflammation and can be observed clinically in gingivitis. Histamine is released by mast cells and responsible for the redness and swelling of tissues. Histamine causes both an increase in vascularity and permeability of blood vessels at the site of injury. Swelling may occur in response to the accumulation of fluid at a specific site. The inflammatory response includes cellular components of the immune system polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes are crucial to the cellular immune response. Polyporphonuclear leukocytes are the first cells that arrive at an inflammatory site. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes arrive at the site via chemotaxis, and begin to phagocytize bacteria. As the disease continues and the inflammatory reaction is not strong enough to subside the bacterial infection the immune response is further
-World Health Organization. 2013. Chronic disease. Available at: http://www. who.int/topics/chronic diseases/en/. Access date 1 December 2013.
... the context of chronic illness: a family health promoting process. Journal of Nursing and Healthcare of Chronis Illness 3, (3), 283-92.
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (2014, January 23). Division of nutrition, physical activity, and obesity. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpao/index.html
The white blood cells destroy any unfamiliar pathogens in the bloodstream and can cause inflammation. Therefore, the inflammation causes a surplus of white blood cells to clot the wound for healing.