PURPOSE To investigate the reactions of a typical acid (dilute hydrochloric acid) with metals, metal oxides, carbonates and bases. APPARATUS The following materials in order to complete this experiment: Dropper bottles containing 0.1M solutions of hydrochloric acid or limewater (calcium hydroxide) and sodium hydroxide. Dropper bottle of bromothymol blue indicator Small samples of the following metals: zinc, copper turnings, magnesium and iron Copper (II) oxide powder Magnesium oxide Marble chips (calcium carbonate) Sodium carbonate 12 test tubes and test tube holder Bunsen burner Stopper or cork Wax taper and matches PROCEDURE (a) REACTION WITH METALS Place a small piece of magnesium ribbon in a test tube and add about 2mL of dilute HCL. Stopper the test tube and allow the gas to accumulate. Remove stopper and test for the gas that evolved by holding a lighted taper to the mouth of the test tube. Repeat using zinc sample. Repeat using copper sample. Repeat using iron sample. (b) REACTION WITH METAL OXIDES Place a very small amount (the size of a few grains of rice) or copper (II) oxide in a test tube and add about 2mL of hydrochloric acid. Warm the test tube gently. If no change is observed, allow to stand for a while before making further observations. Repeat this procedure using magnesium oxide and hydrochloric acid. (c) REACTION WITH CARBONATES Add several marble chips to a test tube. Add about 2mL of limewater to a second tes... ... middle of paper ... ...ions are formed. Carbonates always produce CO2 and H2O. Also, in the presence of carbon dioxide, limewater becomes cloudy. Errors and improvements for this experiment would be the following: using and adding too much indicator that results in a greater pH reading. In order to be as accurate as possible, one must be as accurate as can be. Inaccuracy in this measure will enable and reveal inaccurate results. Another error was the presence of other acids in the test tube that was rinsed with water. This was evident when the acid was placed in the test tube before 2 drops of the indicator was dropped. This can also lead to inaccurate results. CONCLUSION This experiment achieved the aim. It was concluded that acids and metal oxides form salt and hydrogen gas. Acids and carbonates form salts, water and carbon dioxide. Lastly, acids and bases result in salt and water.
In the pH homeostasis lab, 6 experiments were conducted. The hypotheses were: If base is added to water then the pH will increase; If acid is added to water then the pH will decrease; If base is added to homogenate, then the pH will increase; If acid is added to homogenate, then the pH will decrease; If acid or base is added to buffer, then the pH will remain the same. After the experiments were conducted, the graphs were somewhat similar to the hypotheses.
This process is then repeated. In the second trial, the Mg ribbon did not completely dissolve and the results were thrown out. The third trial (referred to as the second in the following analysis due to the exclusion of the previous one) was successful, and measurements can be seen below. We then moved onto the second reaction using magnesium oxide and hydrochloric acid in the fume hood. We measured 200.1 mL of HCl and placed it in the calorimeter, and an initial temperature reading was taken.
neutralize 35ml of our base. Once we weighed out the KHP we then dissolved it
Apparatus: * 1 measuring cylinder * 1 test tube * 1 stop clock * A large gelatine cube containing indicator and NaOH * Hydrochloric acid ranging from 1-3 molars * A scalpel Diagram: Method: * Take the large gelatine cube and cut into 15 equal pieces * Place on piece of the cube into the test tube * Measure out 10mls of HCl in the measuring cylinder * Pour the HCl into the test tube with the gelatine cube and start the clock * Time how long it takes for the pink colour inside the gelatine cube to completely disappear * You will also notice that the cube dissolves slightly * Record your results and repeat this same process 3 times for each molar of acid: § 1 molar § 1.5 molar § 2 molar
A chemical reaction that happens between an acid and base is called acid base reaction. The OH(-) anion of base when combines with H(+) of acid, a salt is formed. The compound that formed by the reaction of anion and cation
Put 1mL of 0.1M cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate dissolved in 95% ethanol into a test tube. Then add 1mL of deionized water. Tap the end of the test tube to mix the solution and record the pertinent data in section 2 of the Data Table. Discard the solution in the appropriate container as directed to you by your lab instructor.
Determining the Concentration Of Limewater Solution Aim: The aim of this experiment is it to find out the concentration of Limewater by performing a titration with hydrochloric acid which has concentration exactly 2.00M.. What is required for me is that I have to design my own experiment and chose the right and appropriate apparatus and equipment. I will be provided with 250cm3 of limewater, which has been made to which contains approximately 1g/dm3 of calcium Hydroxide. This hypothesis from www.studentcentral.co.uk We were also give Hydrochloric acid (HCl) with a concentration of 2.00 mol/dm3 normal laboratory apparatus was also given and so was an indicator.
Acids and bases are not just in use in a laboratory, they come into play in the every-day, they are important to know, with respect to consumer and food products. PH scale, the potential for hydrogen ion concentration, is important because it pertains to the spectrum of acids and bases. Acids are an H+ donor and bases are a H+ acceptor. We can further identify acids by its sour taste, it turns litmus paper red, and it dissolves metals such as zinc or iron. Bases taste bitter, they turn litmus paper blue, and it has a slippery feeling. The pH scale ranges from one to fourteen, one through six are acids and eight through fourteen are the bases, with seven as a neutral. The acids are considered to have a low pH. whereas the bases or the alkaline
== § Test tubes X 11 § 0.10 molar dm -3 Copper (II) Sulphate solution § distilled water § egg albumen from 3 eggs. § Syringe X 12 § colorimeter § tripod § 100ml beaker § Bunsen burner § test tube holder § safety glasses § gloves § test tube pen § test tube method = == = =
In this experiment, the calcium carbonate was in the form of marble chips. The calcium carbonate reacted with hydrochloric acid when the acid was poured into marble chips. Due to calcium carbonate’s higher reactivity, it displaced hydrogen in the hydrochloric acid. As a result, products of calcium chloride, carbon dioxide and water were formed. As the chemical reaction occurred, the water in the measuring cylinder was displaced and gas bubbles that were blowing out represented carbon dioxide.
Rate of Reaction Between Calcium Carbonate and Hydrochloric Acid Plan: In my experiment I will measure the rate of reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid. The rate of the reaction is the speed that the reaction takes place so by measuring the rate I will measure the amount of time the reaction takes. Hydrochloric acid is a strong acid that is found in digestive juices in the stomach, it is also used for cleaning metals before they are coated. Calcium carbonate has a few forms including chalk and limestone the main use of these two materials is in the making of concrete, which is used for many things such as buildings. When you put calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid together they react to form calcium chloride, carbon dioxide and water.
the chances of collisions increase thus giving a faster rate of reaction. Then the s Apparatus:. Beaker Hydrochloric acid Distilled water Measuring cylinder Pipette Test tubes Test tube rack Diagram:.. [ IMAGE] Method: The.. Measure out 10cm3 of hydrochloric acid, as the concentration requires. for each concentration its composition is.
acid and water to see how it affects the rate of reaction. I will use
of distilled water. For the 1M solution I added 50 cm3 of HCl and 50
0.1M HCl, 10 mL of 0.1N KMnO4, 0.2 g. KI, 5 mL of alcohol, and 5 mL of