Acid Rain

555 Words2 Pages
bulb-icon

Recommended: Causes and effects of air pollution

Acid rain refers to all types of precipitation--rain, snow, sleet, hail, fog--that is acidic in nature. Acidic means that these forms of water have a pH lower than the 5.6 average of rainwater. Acid rain kills aquatic life, trees, crops and other vegetation, damages buildings and monuments, corrodes copper and lead piping, damages such man-made things as automobiles, reduces soil fertility and can cause toxic metals to leach into underground drinking water sources. Rain is naturally acidic because carbon dioxide, found normally in the earth's atmosphere, reacts with water to form carbonic acid. While "pure" rain's acidity is pH 5.6-5.7, actual pH readings vary from place to place depending upon the type and amount of other gases present in the air, such as sulphur oxide and nitrogen oxides.

The term pH refers to the free hydrogen ions (electrically charged atoms) in water and is measured on a scale from 0 to 14. Seven is considered neutral and measurements below seven are acidic while those above it are basic or alkaline. Every point on the pH scale represents a tenfold increase over the previous number. Thus, pH 4 is 10 times more acidic than pH 5 and 100 times more so than pH 6. Similarly, pH 9 is 1O times more basic than pH 8 and 100 times more basic than pH 7. The acid in acid rain comes from two kinds of air pollutants-- sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx).

These are emitted primarily from utility and smelter "smokestacks" and automobile, truck and bus exhausts, but they also come from burning wood. When these pollutants reach the atmosphere they combine with gaseous water in clouds and change to acids--sulphuric acid and nitric acid. Then, rain and snow wash these acids from the air. Acid rain affects lakes, streams, rivers, bays, ponds and other bodies of water by increasing their acidity until fish and other aquatic creatures can no longer live. Aquatic plants grow best between pH 7.0 and 9.2 (Bourodemos).

As acidity increases (pH numbers become lower), submerged aquatic plants decrease and deprive waterfowl of their basic food source. At pH 6, freshwater shrimp cannot survive. At pH 5.5, bottom-dwelling bacterial decomposers begin to die and leave undecomposed leaf litter and other organic debris to collect on the bottom. This deprives plankton--tiny creatures that form the base of the aquatic food chain--of food, so that they too disappear.

Show More
Related

  • Deviant Behavior: A Study on Steven Avery's Case

    724 Words  | 2 Pages

    As I was completing this assignment, I was watching the infamous Netflix documentary entitled Making a Murderer. The documentary follows the story of Steven Avery, who is currently in prison for the death of a woman, Teresa Halbach, in 2005. Steven Avery has been denying any involvement in the murder of Teresa Halbach for the past eleven years. In the middle of the reading, the documentary was exploring and analyzing Steven Avery’s deviant behavior as a young man (Making). As I observed what was being discussed about Steven Avery, I was able to build the connection between how society, and the community from which he came from, perceived Steven Avery and what Kai Erikson discussed in the first couple pages of the book with regards to deviance and its relation with regards to society.

    Read More

  • Analysis Of Making A Murderer

    2325 Words  | 5 Pages

    The docudrama portrays Steven Avery as a man who has had trouble with law enforcement, but also a man police officers blame and target when something bad happens. It also portrays his family as upright, relatable people. The Avery’s run a family business, live near each other, and miss, visit and call one another often. The Avery’s have been torn apart, not once, but twice. Steven’s parents, who are his biggest familial supporters, are constantly interviewed to see how they are coping with their son and grandson in jail. While they remain hopeful most of the time, it is obvious that they are hurting, too. In episode 10, “Fighting for their Lives,” Allen Avery, Steven’s father, says the Wisconsin justice system, “ruined us. They ruined our business.” Steven’s mother, Dolores says, “This one is worse than the first one. There is no family here anymore.” The series shows the aging couple lives alone on their plot of land, heartbroken, but hopeful, just like any parent would be in their situation. Also in “Fighting for their Lives,” Avery’s attorney Dean Strang emotionally shares his devastation that Wisconsin has done this to Avery a second time by saying, “There’s a big part of me that really hopes Steven Avery is guilty of this crime. Because the thought of him being innocent of this crime, and sitting in prison again, for something he didn’t do, and now for the rest of his life

    Read More

  • Acid Rain Essay

    1266 Words  | 3 Pages

    Acid rain has been proven to have damage forests, fresh waters and soils, killing insect and aquatic life-forms. It also causes damage to buildings and impacts on human health. Many people do not know what acid rain actually is. Acid rain is any form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, low pH levels, higher than normal amounts of sulfuric and nitric acid, occurs naturally and from man made sources. Forms when gases react in the atmosphere with water, oxygen, and other chemicals (what is acid rain?). The only water that will not have some amount of acidity is pure water. Pure water has a pH of 7 which is neutral; regular, unpolluted rain water has a pH of around 5.6. The acidity in rain water comes from the presence of Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen Oxide, and Sulfur Dioxide. CO2 reacts with water to form carbonic acid. Nitrogen and water react during lightning storms, forming Nitric Oxide. NO is then oxidized to form N02. The NO2 reacts with water to form nitric acid. Due to this, the pH is lowered to be slightly acidic (Acid Rain). Acid rain can occur naturally in the environment, but the problem occurs when human interaction is the cause of the acidic levels.

    Read More

  • Acid Rain Papers

    891 Words  | 2 Pages

    Acid rain affects many things in our world greatly. Acid rain is precipitation that has been released into the atmosphere and is very harmful and can do lots of damage.

    Read More

  • What Is Acid Rain?

    843 Words  | 2 Pages

    Acid gases are produced when fossil fuels like coal and oil are burned in power stations, factories and in our own homes. Acid rain is rain that has been made acidic by certain pollutants in the air. Most of these acid gases are blown into the sky, and when they mix with the clouds it can cause rain - or snow, sleet, fog, mist or hail - to become more acidic. Acid rain is rain that has been made acidic by certain pollutants in the air. Acid rain occurs when these gases react in the atmosphere with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form various acidic compounds. The result is a mild solution of sulfuric acid and nitric acid. When sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released from power plants and other sources, prevailing winds blow these

    Read More

  • The Misunderstood Iago of Othello

    863 Words  | 2 Pages

    Fred West addresses the fact of Iago misrepresentation, “It is not sufficient to simply drape Iago in allegorical trappings and proclaim him Mister Evil or a Machiavel or a Vice. Such a limited view of Iago is an injustice to the complexity of his character, since Shakespeare’s studies in personality are acclaimed by psychologists for their accuracy and profundity” (27). West seems to be reminding us that just seeing Iago as the representation of evil within the play of “Othello” is the wrong way to paint him. Iago is a man wronged by Othello in the fact that he was not chosen to be Othello’s lieutenant, which is what put the dastardly idea into Iago’s head to trick them all and bring them to their knees. As Iago tells Roderigo within the first act and scene of “Othello”,

    Read More

  • How Acid Rain Affects the Aquatic Ecosystem

    1383 Words  | 3 Pages

    Acid rain is polluted rain, snow, or fog. The burning of fossil fuels, base metal smelting, and fuel combustion in vehicles emits sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) (FAQ Acid Rain). These gases enter the atmosphere and transform into sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and nitric acid (HNO3), which then acidify the water vapor. The acidified water vapor will then fall to the earth as acid rain, snow, or fog (Acid Rain and the Aquatic). This is called ìwet depositionî. There is also ìdry depositionî which falls to the ground in particulate form (FAQ Acid Rain).

    Read More

  • iago

    734 Words  | 2 Pages

    In Othello, Iago presents two different motives behind his hatred of Othello. The first motive that Iago uses is that, he was passed over for a promotion, and that the job he deserves was given to Cassio. Cassio was someone who had never seen the battlefield. To Iago this is a complete slap in the face. Two scenes later Iago presents another reason for his hatred for Othello. Rumors have spread around that Othello and Emilia have slept together. Whether or not this is true, Iago sees this as enough reason to get his revenge. As he sets out to destroy more than Cassio throughout the play, Iago was able to plant seeds of doubt, insecurities, and lies. He put this into action with all the supporting characters around him to cause Othello to believe that his wife was in fact having an affair with Cassio, and that was the furthest thing from the truth. He is a master manipulator because he was able to plant these ideas into the other characters heads, and he was able to have other characters around him carry out the actions that nurtured these lies into perceived...

    Read More

  • Osmoregulation of Brine Shrimps

    871 Words  | 2 Pages

    ... incredibly relevant to today world. Brine shrimps are also used as test subjects due to their incredible resilience, and are also sold as a novelty item “sea monkeys.” Unfortunately, these unique critters have become threatened in some cases as water is diverted away (for human use) from high saline environments inhabited by brine shrimp. As a result, the water becomes more saline and usually results in a rising pH which can endanger the shrimps. The information provided in these two studies shows the need, function, means, and genetic explanation for osmoregulation. As humans continue to impact the environment, changing salinity will result in changing need for osmoregulation, and as a result, future scientists will need to explore how organisms can react to the need to osmoregulate more or less and how that will impact organism populations’ survival as a whole.

    Read More

  • Similarities Between Othello A Hero And Iago

    1415 Words  | 3 Pages

    Throughout the play, the audience is amazed by just how well Iago’s destructive plan worked. He changed Othello’s emotional state, from a man who holds himself well to a man driven to murder by jealousy, destroying not only the friendship between Othello and Cassio, but also Othello’s marriage to Desdemona. The audience again, may feel a varying degree of repulsion to Iago for the damage he had caused, but deep down the audience is satisfied with the mould of a villain matching Iago so well, and Iago bringing much more to the table. A reason behind the success of his plan, Iago is manipulative to everyone around him. Othello praises Iago as “a man he is of honesty and trust”, giving Iago the nickname, “Honest Iago”. He keeps his ‘friend’ Roderigo close, but his enemy closer, manipulating Othello to believe Desdemona did deceive him as “she did deceive her father marrying you.” His two-faced personality and ability to manipulate everyone around him allows his plan to be even with Othello “wife for wife” to work, while he fits the villainous mould well. He brings more to the table by hiding this behind a ‘heroic’ and ‘trustworthy’ mask, another factor that makes his attributes of a villain more

    Read More

  • Comparison Between Iago And Othello

    1116 Words  | 3 Pages

    But like Richard he wants power and when he is denied it he decides to go over the top in showing just how he feels about not having the power he thinks that he is denied. Beier mentions this in his article when he says ‘Iago makes clear the end that will guide all his speaking; it is to “enmesh,” to bring Othello to madness or ruin, as well as anyone else that his net can capture (Beier). This is an important because he states this in scene two of the play, so his plan is laid out well before the play is really in motion. It should also be pointed out that this comment comes in a soliloquy just after Cassio calls him honest

    Read More

  • Iago As The Villain In Shakespeare's Othello

    932 Words  | 2 Pages

    In their conversations together, Iago seems to pity Roderigo, claiming to “have professed me thy friend,” yet he advises Roderigo into a position which would only help him further drive his plot forward, simultaneously leading Roderigo to believe that he is helping him (I.iii.379). When Iago is alone, he is less likely to brag about these ideas and more likely to run the audience through his thought process in a stream-of-consciousness. Through these monologues, the audience is able to see the more manipulative side of Iago that he disguises when around Othello. Iago carefully manipulates each character to the position that is most advantageous to him, yet still asks himself, “And what’s he, then, that says I play the villain,/When this advice is free I give and honest” (II.iii.356-57). Almost seeming to be proud of himself, Iago views his planning as nothing more than a game, “[his] sport and profit” (I.iii.429). Iago has no moral qualms about exploiting others’ weaknesses, a situation which ultimately gives him the upper hand against Othello when controlling

    Read More

  • Acid Rain Polluting the Water

    3459 Words  | 7 Pages

    The majority of people know our water is polluted but what they don’t know is why, and how polluted it is. Acid Rain has been a leading addition to the pollution in our water supply today. Acid Rain comes in the form of rain, snow or fog and is polluted by acid in the atmosphere. In our environment perfect clean water has a pH of 7, acid rain has a pH of 5.5 and below, meaning it is very acidic. The air combines with mainly sulfur and nitrous oxide and makes the water in the air acidic. This acid precipitation then falls onto the environment making the streams and rivers acidic killing the organisms that live in and around these bodies of waters. The rain also kills off trees and other plants at higher elevations. The area that acid rain mostly affects is the North Eastern United States because of the wind currents and because of its soil buffering capacity is low(EPA 1). The buffering capacity is the ability for the land to neutralize acidic compounds. The wind is a major contributor because it carries these acids from different work sites and puts them into the air around the east. One of the leading studies and areas of concern is in upstate New York. One study from the environmental agency in New York said “by 2040, about half the region’s 2,800 lakes and ponds will be too acidic to sustain much life and 100 percent of its rivers and streams will be too acidic to support life during spring snow melts” (Dao 3). Acid Rain has polluted many of the bodies of waters in New York and its surrounding areas. The pollution is contributed from many things although most of the sulfur and nitrous oxide is put into the air from burning fossil fuels. Any person who relies on transportation by a motorized vehicle or a person that relies on power form a company that burns fossil fuels contributes to the pollution. The chemicals that these companies are putting out aren’t affecting them but instead are affecting the east.

    Read More

  • Acid Rain Essay

    1513 Words  | 4 Pages

    "Acid rain describes any form of precipitation with high levels of nitric and sulfuric acids. It can also occur in the form of snow, fog, and tiny bits of dry material that settle to Earth." (Howard, 2014). The pH of pure water is 7 and, naturally, the pH of rain water is slightly acidic; usually around a 6 on the pH scale. Rain is considered acid rain when its pH is lower than 5.6. Acid rain is not acid falling from the sky like some people seem to assume. It is rainfall that is mixed with elements and gases that then cause the moisture to become more acidic than usual. The release of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are the result of the combustion of fossil fuels and, therefore, two of the primary chemicals found in the production of acid rain. "It is thought that acid rain began around 1950 to 1955 in the Northeastern United States" (Likens, 1996).

    Read More

  • How To Prevent Acid Rain Essay

    600 Words  | 2 Pages

    Acid rain contaminates and poisons many areas. Even though most environments are affected by acid rain, some places can handle certain amounts of acid rain. Some bases/soils have a greater pH than 7, so when acid rain combines with the soil, it tensions out the acidity. Some areas, however that include Rocky Mountains as well as the Northeastern and Southeastern U.S, limestone is not naturally available. Due to that, acid rain is much more harmful to the environment. Many animals like fish and frogs have a difficult time adapting to their environments and a hard time reproducing in areas contaminated with acid rain. Not just animals are affected, but trees are also hurt. One type of tree that can be affected by acid rain and acid fog is the Evergreen tree ("Acid Rain: Do you

    Read More

More about Acid Rain

Open Document