Acid rain is rain that is more acidic than normal. Acid rain is a complicated problem.
Caused by air pollution, acid rain's spread and damage involves weather, chemistry, soil, and the life cycles of plants and animals on the land and from acid rain in the water.
Scientists have discovered that air pollution from the burning of fossil fuels is the major cause of acid rain. Power plants and factories burn coal and oil. Power plants use that coal and oil to produce the electricity we need to heat and light our homes and to run our electric appliances. We also burn natural gas, coal, and oil to heat our homes.
The smoke and fumes from burning fossil fuels rise into the atmosphere and combine with the moisture in the air to form acid rain.
The main chemicals in air pollution that create acid rain are sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. Acid rain usually forms high in the clouds where sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides react with water, oxygen, and oxidants. This forms a mild solution of sulfuric acid and nitric acid. Sunlight increases the rate of most of these reactions. Rainwater, snow, fog, and other forms of precipitation containing those mild solutions of sulfuric and nitric acids fall to the earth as acid rain.
Water moves through every living plant and animal, streams, lakes, and oceans in the hydrologic cycle. In that cycle, water evaporates from the land and sea into the atmosphere. Water in the atmosphere then condenses to form clouds. Clouds release the water back to the earth as rain, snow, or fog. When water droplets form and fall to the earth they pick up particles and chemicals that float in the air. Even clean, unpolluted air has some particles such as dust or pollen. Clean air also contains naturally occurring gases such as carbon dioxide.
The interaction between the water droplets and the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and to a lesser extent, from chlorine which is derived from the salt in the sea, gives rain an average pH of about 5.6, making even clean rain slightly acidic. Other natural sources of acids and bases in the atmosphere may lower or raise the pH of unpolluted rain. However, when rain contains pollutants, especially sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, the rain water can become very acidic.
Acid rain does not account for all of the acidity that falls back to earth from pollutants. About half the acidity in the atmosphere... ... middle of paper ...
...cellent idea. An alternative power source can also be used in power plants to reduce emissions. These alternatives are: geothermal energy, solar power energy, wind energy, and water energy.
In conclusion, the two primary sources of acid rain is sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide. Automobiles are the main source of nitrogen oxide emissions, and utility factories are the main source for sulfur dioxide emissions. These gases evaporate into the atmosphere and then oxidized in clouds to form nitric or nitrous acid and sulfuric acid. When these acids fall back to the earth they do not cause damage to just the environment but also to human health. Acid rain kills plant life and destroys life in lakes and ponds. The pollutants in acid rain causes problem in human respiratory systems. The pollutants attack humans indirectly through the foods they consumed. They effected human health directly when humans inhale the pollutants.
Governments have passed laws to reduce emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, but it is no use unless people start to work together in stopping the release of these pollutants. If the acid rain destroys our environment, eventually it will destroy us as well.
The multidimensional leadership has found popularity within sport psychology (Chelladurai, 2012). This is likely to be as it can be easily applied to a wide range of managers, athletes and clubs of a variety of sports.
The theory of coaching efficacy was advanced by Feltz and colleagues, who used Bandura’s (1986, 1997) theory of self-efficacy as their guiding basis, and clear coaching efficacy as the amount to which coaches trust that they have the ability to effect the learning and performance of their athletes (Feltz, Chase, Moritz, & Sullivan, 1999). Coaching efficacy can be defined as multidimensional in nature, containing of four dimensions: motivation, game plan, technique, and character building (Feltz et al., 1999). Motivation efficacy is the coaches having the ability to impact the psychological skills and conditions of their athletes. Game plan efficacy looks at the coaches’ confidence to have ability to
Existing psychological literature on the aspects of resistance training provides some insight into areas of mental health and sport psychology (Stone, 2009). This includes psychological well-being, self-concept, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and self-worth. Additionally, the well-being of the players includes the mental and physical preparation for a season. Psychological skills that may serve athletes and others participating in resistance training includes: goal setting, relaxation, concentration, imagery, and ritualization (Ogilvie, 1995). The research in the areas of sports science has evolved over the past few years with the emergence of new techniques that help players train to improve performance. Upcoming studies in this area of sports science advocate the necessity of implementation of a sports program that focus on resistance training based on the sports program three metabolic pathways to improve anxiety and
The purpose of this paper is to describe how a good leader can influence, motivate, and change a negative organizational culture in team sports. Using the leader-follower-situation framework, an explanation is provided about how coaches can indeed change a negative organizational culture within a sports team. The model will be used to demonstrate that coaches can have a profound impact not only on the actions and attitudes of players toward their sports, as well as actions and behaviors within the team environment toward each other. In turn, the actions and attitudes of the players ultimately impact the longer-term organizational culture of the team, which, in turn, breeds additional actions and behaviors that further impacts the organizational culture of the team.
In any given sports, an athlete’s aim is to win against the opposition. Athletes train for months if not years to achieve their optimum potential in which they could gain success. Every athlete seeks to improve his or her abilities, skills in sports through practicing thus resulting in a higher team performance. However, it does not always go as expected. Success does not just come from muscle memorization or the amount of time the athlete practices per week or day. It comes into view that success may come from self-efficacy of the athlete. Yet, self-efficacy could be influenced by the performance of the team as well.
In Psychology, a sub category of the study is Sports Psychology. Many focus in this category to get a feel of how many athletes mentally feel while playing their sport. In the sports psychology the players should have high confidence, high mental toughness, and plenty of motivation. Motivation is having the desire to play a sport. Confidence is believing in yourself to play the game or sport well. Mental Toughness is the ability to not be discouraged when all goes awry and believing in yourself even when you make a mistake.
During the mid 1960 s Dr. Bruce Tuckman published his theory on four stages of team development known as the Forming, Storming, Norming, and Performing model. Throughout a teams developing stages, Dr Bruce observed that a team develops through four stages and during each stage of team development various types of demands are place upon a group of individuals. As the demands change so does their behaviour when in fact all they are trying to do is work together successfully by forming a team which has a specific purpose.
Sport Psychology is the study of the psychological and mental aspects that affect or get affected by participation and performance in exercise, sport and physical activity (American Psychological Association). There are various concepts of sport psychology that can be applied to different situations in sports as well as in recreational exercise; for example, techniques of goal setting, stress and anxiety management, self-confidence, sport imagery training, etc. (Williams & Krane,2015). In this paper, we will discuss the concept of goal setting in sport psychology and how it can be used, particularly in an exercise setting.
The formation of the team is the first stage of the model. A person’s behavior is driven by the desire for acceptance, and to avoid conflict or controversy with other people (Judge & Bono, 2000). Grave feelings and issues are avoided, with people focusing on keeping themselves occupied with routines such as duty allocations, team organization and the venues of the meetings during this period. At this stage, individuals gather impressions and information about each other, and the aims of the group and how to advance towards them. This stage is comfortable, but the avoidance of conflict translates to little being done. The team learns about opportunities and challenges, reaches a consensus on goals and starts to handle the task. The team may be motivated, but usually, they are ...
...s of applying psychological interventions on athletes by constantly using a number of effectiveness indicators in triangulation. Triangulation would establish validity in the study. (Guion, Diehl, and McDonald, 2002) This framework also utilises baseline assessment data to comprehend athlete’s characteristics and to identify the goals of the intervention. Subsequently, the identification of a suitable period to evaluate the effectiveness could be carried out. Changes in knowledge, attitude, psychological skills, well-being and behaviour could also be monitored. Each indicator may be assessed more than once throughout this phase. Assessment of the effectiveness could be carried out concurrently with the performance enhancement process. This continuous process of re-assessment of the indicators would then determine the effectiveness of the intervention over time.
Sport psychology, as defined by the APA, is the “proficiency that uses psychological knowledge and skills to address optimal performance and well-being of athletes, developmental and social aspects of sports participation, and systematic issues associated with sport settings and organizations” (APA). While applicable to sports, psychology is the foundation upon which the skill set sports psychologists are able to utilize is built. The ability to apply this particular skill set not only with athletes, but in any aspect where health and performance are concerned open up the possibilities of working with different groups and ages on the fundamentals of goal setting and mental skills training
Sports psychology plays an important role in the motivation of athletes; it’s the study of the psychological and mental factors that are influenced by participation and performance in sports, exercise, and physical activity (Vora & Nail). Moreover, motivation is the foundation all athletic effort and accomplishment; it is essential to many social psychological theories that aim to explain behavior, including self-determination theory. Besides, if an athlete does not have the desire and self-determination to improve their sports performances, all of the other mental factors, confidence, intensity, focus, and emotions, are worthless. They are two different types of motivation. The first one is the extrinsic motivation, which happens when athletes
Humans and animals breathe out Carbon Dioxide, often referred to as the greenhouse gas, as a waste product. Plants take in this CO2 and use it to make food. This is called photosynthesis. During this process oxygen is released which is then breathed in by humans and animals. This procedure is repeated over and over and a natural balance is obtained. However this natural balance is disrupted by human activity. People of the world are putting more than 5.5 billion tons of CO2 into the atmosphere every year. 75% of this is caused from the burning of fossil fuels. These fuels are burnt all the time to run factories, power plants and vehicles. The main sources of CO2 emissions are electric utilities, residential buildings, industry and transportation. The other 25% is induced by the destruction of the world's forests. The reason for this is that there are less trees and plants to take in the CO2 but there is just as many, if not more, humans and animals to breathe it out.
Initially, this was what caused my doubt that it might not be a ritual. However, what this thought process revealed, was that my instincts were to weigh the meaning of a wedding more heavily in terms of the meaning it is bestowed upon by the authority of the state in comparison to the societal and cultural meaning it is bestowed. A ritual only requires one outside, authority force to provide meaning. So, despite the absence of an official officiant I would be inclined to believe that this quasi-wedding was, in fact, a ritual because of the societal meaning it held, which might be diminished slightly by the lack of legal justification, but still holds significance. That day, the emotions were palpable, as people were constantly switching back and forth between holding back the urge to sob with reckless abandon and bursting out into raucous laughter. Although devoid of the meaning bestowed by the state, the quasi-wedding is still called a wedding and would most likely be easily recognized by someone of the same culture as such. It certainly felt like a wedding to the people participating in it, and therefore it was a wedding. The power of the individuals’ experiences has a place in rituals, continuing the evolution or stagnation of tradition and convention. One day they are the performers and the next they are the ancestors who the next performers will look
This essay will explore and evaluate the reasons sociologists put forward to explain the unequal social distribution of poverty and health. It will discuss social class, gender and ethnicity, and how they relate to poverty and health. It will also explore the competing definitions of poverty and the way in which they are used by different governments in order to create social policies.