Acid leaching is the process of reacting unwanted minerals on the coal with the aqueous acid solution in order to create removable salts in an aqueous setting. This leaching, with certain Acids, is unable and can rarely remove the organic sulfur. For example, a solution of 15% Hydrogen peroxide alone was able to remove 70% sulfur sulfate, 76% pyritic sulfur, 5% organic sulfur and 14% ash at 25˚C (Meshram, Purohit, 2015). However, by adding 0.1 mol/L Sulfuric Acid to act as a catalyst, almost all of the sulfur sulfate and pyritic sulfur, 43% of the ash, and over 26% of the organic sulfur were removed (Meshram, Purohit, 2015). The catalyst improves the reaction by moving the oxygen and pyrite molecules together so that they may react easier. The Acid leaching process often involves two …show more content…
Coal is decayed plant or animal matter that has been altered by some biological process and a geological process over a large time frame. Biological processes have the ability to remove organic sulfur but have not been employed commercially (Ohtsuka, 2000). An advantage that the biological processes retain over the other methods is the temperature and pressure needed are able to be very low, reducing energy, whereas other process can have a temperature up to 1350˚C and a pressure of 140 atm (Faison, 1991). The biological process of removing pyritic sulfur is generally believed to have two methods: the indirect and direct methods. The indirect method removes the pyritic sulfur through the oxidation of the pyritic sulfur through the use of ferric ions. This route is 106 times slower than the direct route (Groppo, Parekh, 1993). The direct method is defined as a process where microorganisms are attached to the surface of the pyrite and enzymatically oxidize the sulfur, proving to be much more efficient with
In my essay, I am going to talk about acids and bases in the mining business. Acids and bases have many uses in this field, and are actually very important. First, I will talk about hydrochloric acid, and its use in the mining field. Second, I will talk about aqua regia (an acid). Lastly, I will talk about ammonia (a base).
Hydrochloric acid is the clear colourless solutions of hydrogen chloride (HCl) in water, hydrochloric acid is also a highly corrosive substance and a strong mineral acid meaning they are formed from inorganic compounds, hydrochloric acid is a monoprotic acid meaning that it can only ionize one H+ ion. As a result hydrochloric acid can be used in a wide range of industrial practices such as removing rust from steel, ore processing, the production of corn syrup and making of PVC plastics. Hydrochloric acid is made using a very straight forward method which involves dissolving hydrogen chloride (HCl) in water, releasing the H+ cation and Cl- anion. In this aqueous form the H+ ion joins water to form a hydronium ion (H3O+)
Note to environmentalists: The sulfuric acid was completely neutralized and properly discarded. Credits I would like to thank all the people who helped me with this project. I would especially like to thank my mother, for letting my go through an abundance of Baking Soda, Vinegar, and many of our other household items. I would like to thank my Father for helping me understand the science of this project, and my whole family for helping me do well. I'd also like to give credit to the following Brands of substances I used: Arm & Hammer Drano Revco Aspirin Mylanta Seaway And any other products I may have used along the way.
A chemical reaction that happens between an acid and base is called acid base reaction. The OH(-) anion of base when combines with H(+) of acid, a salt is formed. The compound that formed by the reaction of anion and cation
“North Americans have been smelting ore and burning fossil fuels for generations. In the past, the gases went up ordinary chimneys or small smoke stacks, to descend upon near by areas and pollute them,” states author, Robert Collins. Almost everyone knows what acid rain is and has a vague idea of the consequences that exist as a cause of it. Most people however do not realize the severity of acid rain. The essay “Acid Rain: Scourge from the Skies” by Robert Collins was very effective in showing the true severity of acid rain. By using excellent developmental devices, Robert Collins was able to write an effective essay that is appealing to today’s society, as well as informative especially for today’s constantly changing world.
Coal Combustion Residue, or coal sludge, is the byproduct of burning coal in order to make energy. It is a combination of fly ash, bottom ash, coal slag, and flue gas. According to the watchdog group “sourcewatch.org” the ...
Acid gases are produced when fossil fuels like coal and oil are burned in power stations, factories and in our own homes. Acid rain is rain that has been made acidic by certain pollutants in the air. Most of these acid gases are blown into the sky, and when they mix with the clouds it can cause rain - or snow, sleet, fog, mist or hail - to become more acidic. Acid rain is rain that has been made acidic by certain pollutants in the air. Acid rain occurs when these gases react in the atmosphere with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form various acidic compounds. The result is a mild solution of sulfuric acid and nitric acid. When sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released from power plants and other sources, prevailing winds blow these
Rain occurs nature as part of the water cycle, but sometimes rain can do more harm than good. Acid rain can causes damage to plants, animals, and even structures. Acid rain occurs naturally without human interference, but since humans started to make objects that contribute to the creation of acid rain, it happens more frequently than if humans would not be involved. People not only raised the amount of acid rain that falls, they can also be the ones to bring the amount back down to reasonable levels.
Originally, concepts of acidity came from the ancient Greeks who said that sour tasting substances were oxein, later mutated into the word vinegar acetum which became to “acid”. These substances were eventually found out not only to define sour things, but also be able to change litmus paper and corrode metals. On the contrary, bases were defined and studied by their ability to counteract acids and followed behind chemical characterizations of acids. The more rigid term called alkaline is from an Arabic root word roasting because the first bases were from the soap making substances which were obtained from roasting ashes then treating them with water and slaked lime.
· When I have collected my results I will place them in a table like
Coal has a very negative impact on the environment, one of the main impacts on the environment is the actual process of extracting the coal from the ground. The two ways that coal is mined, underground and surface, both have different effects on the environment. The first way that coal is mined is by digging tunnels and creating mineshafts underground and then removing the coal from th...
Acid mine drainage refers to water (leachate, drainage or seepage) that has come into contact with oxidised rocks or overburden that contains sulphide material (coal, zinc, copper, lead). (Keller, 2000; U.S.G.S.; U.S.E.P.A., 2002). A common sulphide is pyrite, or iron disulfide (FeS2), and throughout this essay it will be pyrite that will be the primary sulphide considered. Acid mine drainage is not a new phenomenon, early mining techniques utilized gravity to avoid water pooling, resulting in the water becoming polluted by acid, iron, sulphur and aluminium (U.S.E.P.A., 2002). It is most commonly associated with coal mining, especially with soft coal, coal that has high sulphur content. The pyrite that is present in coal seams will be accessible after surface mining when the overlying surfaces are removed or in deep mines that allow oxygen access to the previously inaccessible pyrite-containing coal (D.E.P. 1, 1997). After pyrite is exposed to air and water, sulphuric acid and iron hydroxide are formed, creating an acidic runoff (D.E.P. 1, 1997; 2 2002).
Nature of biochar-soil interactions largely depend on characteristics of biochar, which in turn, are determined by types of feedstock and pyrolyzing mechanisms (moderation of temperatures and oxygen). Biochar applications bring a change in soil structures, texture, porosity, particle size distribution and density, thereby potentially altering air oxygen content, water storage capacity and microbial and nutritional status of the soil within the plant rooting zone (Amonette and Joseph 2009). The suction effects of pores are reported to create favorable environment for enhanced microbial activities due to holding of rich moistures and nutrients (Josheph et al, 2012). Biochar particles when applied in soils do not get decomposed like any other biomass, and exhibit enhanced sorption and cat-ion exchange capacities and alkaline properties that profoundly support healing a number of soil ailments such as acidity, nutrient leaching and poor rates of microbial activity. Properties of biochar fluctuate depending on temperature and air control mechanisms while pyrolysing the biomass (feedstock). In general, slow pyrolysis (low temperature, often between 300 and 600 degree Celsius) biochar is preferred more than fast pyrolysis (high temperature often above 600 degree Celsius). According to Angin and Sensoz, (2014), the processes of biochar formation from various types of biomass are complex and remain
Pyrolysis is a rapid thermal decomposition process of organic biomass, in absence or little supply of oxygen, brought about by high temperatures into useful biofuel products such as pyrolysis oil, ethanol, biodiesel, methanol etc. During the process, large hydrocarbon molecule’s chemical composition structure breaks down into relatively smaller molecules into solid (char), liquid or gas phase (Figure 1). The process is very similar to many other biomass decomposition processes such as torrefaction, carbonization, devolatilization etc. however pyrolysis cannot be compared to gasification due to external activation required for gasification.
pH is the measure of how acidic or basic a substance is. Soil acidity or alkalinity is important because it influences how easily plants can take up nutrients from the soil. pH stands for “potenz Hydrogen” where “potenz” meaning “the potential to be”. The degree of activity of hydrogen ions in solution determines the acidity or alkalinity of the solution. Acidic solutions have a high concentration of hydrogen ions; alkaline solutions have a low concentration.