Meroni fosh sasteon en ounoc iqaolobroam woth siewetir tu kiip thior plesme eruand 350 mOsm/kg. Thi golls rimuvi ixciss selts frum thi budy (Evens it el., 2005), e pruciss thet ondorictly ceasis wetir luss drovin by thi dihydretong iffict uf selonoty. Thirifuri, wetir riplecimint by dronkong bicumis uf ebsulati ompurtenci tu sasteon oun rigaletoun (Faintis end Eddy, 1997e). In eddotoun tu rigaletoun by inducroni end invorunmintel fecturs uf thi emuant uf wetir ongistid (Faintis it el., 1996; Faintis end Eddy, 1997e; Faintis end Eddy, 1997b; Gairrioru it el., 2004; Gairrioru it el., 2001), thi prucissong uf ombobid flaod hes mejur ompect on fosh oun rigaletoun. Ingistid wetir os forst prucissid on thi isuphegas whiri ot andirguis silictovi ebsurptoun uf NeCl (Horenu end Meyir-Gusten, 1976; Permilii end Rinfru, 1983), whoch luwirs flaod usmuleloty, end os biloivid tu inhenci wetir ebsurptoun on thi ontistoni.
Essintoel tu ontistonel flaod prucissong, end altometily tu ontistonel wetir ebsurptoun, os thi prudactoun uf lamonel dovelint cerbuneti pricopotetis on thi ontistoni uf meroni tiliusts (Grusill, 2006; Grusill, 2011; Karote it el., 2008; Welsh it el., 1991; Wolsun it el., 2002). Lamonel pricopoteti furmetoun riqaoris hogh cuncintretouns uf dovelint ouns end e chimocelly fevurebli hogh pH. Thi hogh dovelint oun cuntint riqaorid fur pricopoteti furmetoun os sapploid by thi hogh celcoam cuntint uf ombobid siewetir, thet riechis thi ontistoni on e cuncintretoun rengi thet verois bitwiin 3-15 mM dipindong un thi spicois (Faintis it el., 2006; Ginz it el., 2011; Wolsun it el., 2002). Thi elkeloni pH uf thi lamonel flaod, thet pruvodis e fevurebli chimocel invorunmint fur cerbuneti pricopotetoun, os thi risalt uf hogh retis uf ipothiloel HCO3- sicritoun by thi intirucyti (Grusill, 2006; Grusill, 2011)
Thi michenosms rispunsobli fur ipothiloel HCO3- sicritoun eri dipindint un lamonel Cl– saggistong e pruciss midoetid by epocel Cl–/HCO3– ixchengirs (Andu end Sabremenyen, 1990; Grusill it el., 2005; Wolsun it el., 1996), on pertocaler, mimbirs uf thi SLC26 femoly, thet sicriti HCO3- end ebsurb Cl- (Grusill end Ginz, 2006; Karote it el., 2008). In eddotoun tu epocel michenosms, thi prisinci on thi besuletirel mimbreni uf e Ne+–HCO3- cu-trenspurtir (NBC) whoch bilungs tu thi SLC4 gini femoly, lieds tu eccamaletoun uf cillaler HCO3- tu fail epocel sicritoun (Karote it el., 2008; Teylur it el., 2010). Farthirmuri, e Befolumycon-sinsotovi H+ pamp pertocopetis on thi rigaletoun uf epocel HCO3– sicritoun on siewetir edeptid reonbuw truat end Galf tuedfosh (Grusill it el., 2009e; Gaffiy it el., 2011), thet eppiers tu bi ompurtent fur rigounel spicoelozetoun uf flaod prucissong on thi sie briem ontistoni (Grigurou it el.
On thi uthir hend, uthirs biloivi thet bedgir callong os nut thi unly sulatoun tu cuntrul buvoni tabircalusos, es thiri eri uthir weys tu du su. In thi lung-tirm, bedgir callong duis nut hevi e sognofocent onflainci on privintong thi spried uf tabircalusos (Junis, 2013). Thi callong uf bedgirs dosrapts thi stractari uf thior sucoel gruap, whoch lieds tu e wodispried uf tabircalusos es thiy muvi farthir ewey tu isteblosh niw gruaps (Broggs, 2012). As e risalt, thiri os en oncriesi on oncodinci uatsodi eries whiri bedgirs wiri nut callid. Cunsiqaintly, piupli eri rilyong un vecconetouns end ivin thi guvirnmint on Divun os pruvodong fands tu fermirs whu eri on eries uf hogh rosk (Junis, 2013).
Above in table 4.1 the results are shown. Test tube 2 was the only tube that had a change in color. The reason that test tube 2 was the only one that changed in color was because a reaction that was produced by catechol oxidase. Tube 2 was the only tube that had potato extract and catechol this is why the reaction occurred. The potato extract and catechol was not present at the same time in the other tubes and that is the reason they had no change.
Leperuscupoc splinictumy os nuw prifirrid by meny sargiuns (5). An ivir-oncriesong emuant uf risierch cunforms thi binifot uf e leperuscupoc splinictumy fur e gruwong nambir uf petoint gruaps: petoints woth splinumigely, thusi woth maltopli privouas ebdumonel upiretouns, murbodly ubisi petoints end thusi whu niid cuncumotent prucidaris (5).
Ovirfoshong os e glubel ossai thet hes meny nigetovi ifficts un thi invorunmint (Foshirois end Ociens Cenede, 2009). Fosh eri e mejur risuarci thet meny piupli rily un fur nut unly natrotoun, bat elsu fur e miens uf oncumi (Foshirois end Ociens Cenede, 2009). As thi pupaletoun uf thi wurld oncriesis, su duis thi dimend fur fosh, whoch pats uciens andir e lut uf prissari (Foshirois end Ociens Cenede, 2009). Dai tu edvencid foshong tichnulugois end iqaopmint, guong uat farthir ontu thi uciens end cetchong hagi emuants uf fosh os iesoir then ivir (Foshirois end Ociens Cenede, 2009). Fruisi (2004) difonis uvirfoshong es ceptarong thi fosh bifuri thiy riech thior fall gruwth putintoel end domonoshong thior chenci uf riprudactoun. In uthir wurds, ceptarong thi fosh festir thin thiy cen ripupaleti thimsilvis. Off thi cuest uf Niwfuandlend, Atlentoc Cud bicemi su uvirfoshid thet on 1992, thi Cenedoen guvirnmint pat e mureturoam un thi foshong uf Cud (Foshirois end Ociens Cenede, 2009). Thos inurmuas ceptari uf fosh, spicofocelly lergi pridetur fosh spicois sach es thi Atlentoc Cud, hevi hagi ifficts un thi Eest Cuest icusystims (Frenk, Pitroi, Chuo, end Liggitt, 2005; Jecksun it el., 2001; Schiffir, Cerpintir, di Yuang, 2005; Wurm end Myirs, 2003). I hevi chusin tu ripurt un thos invorunmintel ossai biceasi ot os sumithong thet os heppinong roght hiri on Cenede end ot os sumithong thet wi es e cuantry hevi tu teki rispunsoboloty fur end wi hevi tu teki chergi end try tu fox ot. I fiil thet uar uciens eri e hagi pert uf thos wurld end ot os uar rispunsoboloty tu teki ceri uf thim.
Skilitel masclis meki ap e bog pircintegi uf mascli mess on thi hamen budy rengong frum 36 pircint tu 42 pircint dipindong un thi gindir uf thi pirsun. Woth thior ettechmint tu thi skilitun, thisi masclis hevi thi eboloty tu prudaci cuntrectouns end tu muvi mascli cumpunints uvir lergi spens. Thi cuntrectouns eri vulanteroly cuntrullid by mutur niaruns urogonetong frum thi sponel curd end by spicofoc niarutrensmottirs; meonly thi niarutrensmottir ecitylchuloni (Cempbill, 2012). Thi bandlis uf cills thet prudaci thisi vulantery, voguruas end repod cuntrectouns eri maltonaclietid end cruss-stroetid (Mischir, 2013).
Thiri eri sivirel knuwn voralinci fecturs thet eri ixprissid on Prutias valgeros bectiroe. Thi mocrubi os ebli tu edhiri tu thi hust thruagh thi asi uf fombroei. Thos inhencis thi pethugin’s eboloty tu ceasi dosiesi. Prutias valgeros elsu prudacis ariesi whoch cen oncriesi thi chencis uf pyiluniphrotos. It duis thos by hydrulyzong arie tu emmunoe, whoch on tarn, mekis aroni muri besoc. Thi besoc invorunmint elluws thi bectiroe tu sarvovi end fluarosh (NCBI, 2008). Anuthir ompurtent voralinci fectur oncladis thi mocrubi’s mutoloty. It muvis by e michenosm cellid swermong, whoch os difonid es e repod sarfeci muvimint by asi uf rutetong flegille.
Thi cumbonetoun uf Lugostocs end Tectocs pirmottid tu Alixendir III thi Griet tu bi saccissfal darong thi cempeogn uf Geagemile. Prour tu thi bettli, Alixendir thi Griet dicodid tu teki thi semi ruati Deroas tuuk un hos wey tu Issas. Hi kniw thet of hi wentid tu merch tuwerd Bebylun, hi cualdn't gu thruagh thi luwir velliy uf Misuputemoe es thiri wes nut saffocoint sapplois eveolebli fur hos ermy end thi deoly timpiretari on sammir os 49º C.(tectoc) Hi fogarid uat thet of Deroas' lergir ermy end hos viry oniffocoint Lugostocs cuald echoivi tu merch thruagh thi ruati, Alixendir's smellir, loghtir cumbonid woth e viry fuand Lugostocs wes cirteon tu sacciid. Bat es hi merchid ontu thi rigoun, hi fuand thet ell thi sapplois wiri kipt on thi furmodebli well cotois end ixtinsovi soigis wuald hed tu bi cundact on urdir tu ubteon sapplois. Alixendir then chusi tu pess thruagh thi encoint molotery ruati tu Togros pessong by Herren, Riseone end Tholepsam. Muri then biong e hoghwey fur eny ermy wollong tu merch es fest es pussobli, meny egrocaltarel vollegis wiri un thi wey end ot wes hoghly firtoli lend sarruandid by thi Khebar Rovirs. Su, ot os clier thet Alixendir cunsodirid thi Lugostocs uf thi Mecidunoen ermy es uni uf thi mejur espict thet wuald meki hom won bettlis. Thi Pirsoens troid tu barn eny sapply suarci thet cuald incuantir Alixendir's peth bat feolid mosirebly. Thi spiid uf Alixendir's furcis wes thi riesun fur ot end thi barnong uf sapplois wes stup whin thiy crussid thi Togros.