The Aborigines had, and still have, a complex belief in creation, spirits and culture, that gives a definite distinctiveness from any other religion in the world. Thousands of years ago, Australian Aboriginal people were living in accordance with their dreamtime beliefs- today, a majority of the Aboriginal community profess allegiance to Christianity, and only 3% still adhere to traditional beliefs. These beliefs have provided the Aboriginal people with guidance and perspective on all aspects of life. There were many variants to these beliefs and practises throughout the many Aboriginal tribal areas, but all Aboriginal people have developed an intimate relationship between themselves and their environment. They see themselves as spiritually bound to the natural world.
The basis of Aboriginal religion revolves around their sacred mythology known as “The Dreamtime';. The Dreamtime specifically refers to the period of time when the creators made the territory of a tribe and all it contained. It was a period when patterns of living were established and laws were laid down for human beings to follow. The Dreamtime is linked with many aspects of Aboriginal practise, including rituals, storytelling and Aboriginal lore, and explains the origin of the universe, the workings of nature and the nature of humanity, and the cycle of life and death. It shapes and structures Aboriginal life by controlling kinship, ceremonial life, and the relationship between males and females with a system of responsibility involving people, land and spirits. The aim or objective of traditional Aboriginal people was to live the exact lifestyle that had been created for them by the creators thus, the Aboriginal people strive to perpetuate and continue the never ending dreaming.
The creators were the ancestors of all living things, including the Aborigines themselves. Sometimes human, sometimes animal, they were possessed of miraculous powers. Their deeds on earth are enshrined in Aboriginal mythology and are closely associated with animals and other features of the natural environment. Each tribe had it’s own creation myth. For example, the people of the Arunda tribe believed that the spirits cut them from the earth in the Dreamtime.
Originally, myths, or Dreamtime stories, were not expressed simply in verbal or written form but were enacted, chanted, painted, cost...
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... new growth. Food taboos and totemism had the effect of protecting animal and other species because some people were not permitted to eat certain foods and a person could not always eat their own totem. This had the effect of providing a safe environment for particular species. Many sub-tribes moved around their land following the food chain cycles. This meant that they never stayed in the one place where they could extinguish the food sources. In some tribes particular beliefs were held about dangers that could threaten the life of animals or birds. One tribe (the Wiimbaio) were afraid of blood falling into lakes or rivers, incase storms or other disasters would result, and would kill the fish.
Aboriginal beliefs are expressed in a number of ways, including their Dreamtime practices, such as stories, art and corroborees, and rituals, such as initiation, birth, marriage and death, as well as the Aboriginal lore. Such a complex and unique outlook on the universe and humans, and with the assistance of their ability to continue their practices through hundreds of generations, allowed the Aboriginal belief system to evolve to be one of, if not the, oldest surviving race in the world.
The over-representation of Aboriginal children in the Canadian Child Welfare system is a growing and multifaceted issue rooted in a pervasive history of racism and colonization in Canada. Residential schools were established with the intent to force assimilation of Aboriginal people in Canada into European-Canadian society (Reimer, 2010, p. 22). Many Aboriginal children’s lives have been changed adversely by the development of residential schools, even for those who did not attend them. It is estimated that Aboriginal children “are 6-8 times more likely to be placed in foster care than non-Aboriginal children (Saskatchewan Child Welfare Review Panel, 2010, p. 2).” Reports have also indicated that First Nations registered Indian children make up the largest proportion of Aboriginal children entering child welfare care across Canada (Saskatchewan Child Welfare Review Panel, p. 2). Consequently, this has negatively impacted Aboriginal communities experience of and relationship with child welfare services across the country. It is visible that the over-representation of Aboriginal children in the child welfare system in Canada lies in the impact of the Canadian policy for Indian residential schools, which will be described throughout this paper.
Across the Aboriginal territory, you’ll find traditional paintings made by the them and which speak of their understanding of the world and of its creation, The Dreamtime. According to the Aboriginal people and their Dreaming stories, their old ancestors emerged from the earth as supernatural beings, creating every part of nature such as all the existing animals, trees, rocks, rivers, plants, that we know today. In present time, a common belief exists among the Aborigines that the sacred spirit of the ancestors still remains alive in some natural elements and places. Henceforth, the Dreamtime is a period, still existing, with its purpose to connect the past and the present, the people and the land.
Ancient Aboriginals were the first people to set foot on the Australian continent, over 40,000 years or more before Colonization (Eckermann, 2010). They survived by hunting and gathering their food, worshipping the land to protect its resources, and ensuring their survival. The aboriginal community had adapted to the environment, building a strong framework of social, cultural, and spiritual beliefs (Eckermann, 2010).
The aim of healing was to reconnect social and emotional harmony to the unwell, identifying the importance of interconnectedness amongst all people, animals, and plants Living in harmony with their environment, family and community is a central concept of health and healing for Indigenous Australians. Ill health is recognized as a manifestation of many factors including, spiritual and emotional alienation from the land, family, and community. The Dreamtime expressed by song, rituals, and art communicate the purpose of life, the spiritual connection of all humans, places, animals and plants and the necessity of balance Wholeness of body, mind, spirit and the living in harmony with nature were key concepts behind the Native Northern American healing philosophy.
Mill’s three main point from this reading on “Limits of the Authority of Society over the Individual” are that society acts as a means of protecting us and each individual has a said role within, and that human beings should be concerned with the well-being of others rather than just self-interest.
Indigenous people are able to keep their culture and heritage alive by passing on knowledge, arts, rituals and performances from one generation to another. Many traditional beliefs include:
Due to the wide range of habitats in North America, different native religions evolved to match the needs and lifestyles of the individual tribe. Religious traditions of aboriginal peoples around the world tend to be heavily influenced by their methods of acquiring food, whether by hunting wild animals or by agriculture. Native American spirituality is no exception. Traditional Lakota spirituality is a form of religious belief that each thing, plant and animal has a spirit. The Native American spirituality has an inseparable connection between the spirituality and the culture. One cannot exist without the other.
Some students who are interested in college think that college is pricy and that can interfere with them receiving an education. In the article "It's Time to Push for Free College", Max Page says, "Many cant go to college because they can't afford it or won't burden their families with the debt." Debt shouldn't affect a person's ability to receive a good education. There should be equal knowledge just like there is for K-12 in order to pursue their career. There are students who receive loans and are in debt because they are willing to pay for an education that can supports them in many
Webley shares source Justin Wolfers Freakonomics blog, he states debt forgiveness would not pump money back into the economy in a short amount of time to make a more efficient stimulus. Time has shown that in the case of tax rebate checks, does little to stimulate the economy, and you would assume that the same would hold true with student loan forgiveness. She also addresses the possibly that more loans will be taken out by students while crossing their fingers in hopes they will receive a bailout. Of course, she is more than likely correct and I feel this would cause more damage to our economy, money would be loaned out with the potential to never be paid back by the
The Aborigine peoples of Australia live in tribes, specifically there are around four hundred tribes living in Australia today, because of this there are many variations of their language and religious beliefs. The aborigines are an oratory community; they share their religion through storytelling. The mainstay of their storytelling and religious beliefs is finding the root of creation or how their lands and people came to be. In trying to find their purpose and point of creation, they invent and believe in many deities. No one deity rules all of their lands; they ascribe belief in a deity according to their stories and what the stories tell about the features in their landscape, animals and plants. To quote an article, “Aboriginal people do not believe in animism. This is the belief that all natural objects possess a soul. They do not believe that a rock possesses a soul, but they might believe that a particular rock outcrop was created by a particular deity in the creation period, or that it represents a deity from the Creation Period. They believe that many animals and plants are interchangeable with human life through re-...
According to Pojman (2006), justice is the constant and perpetual will to give every man his due. This would seem to imply that for justice to be carried out, people must get what they deserve. But there is some debate over what being just entails; to be just is to be fair, but is being fair truly to give people what they deserve? In this essay, I will detail why justice requires that people are given what they deserve through the scope of punishment, reward, and need.
Indigenous religions exist in every climate around the world and exhibit a wide range of differences in their stories, language, customs, and views of the afterlife. Within indigenous communities, religion, social behavior, art, and music are so intertwined that their religion is a significant part of their culture and virtually inseparable from it. These religions originally developed and thrived in isolation from one another and are some of the earliest examples of religious practice and belief. The modern world; however, has taken its toll on these groups and many of their stories, customs, and beliefs have been lost to, or replaced by, those brought in as a result of popular culture and the missionary work of Christians and Muslims.
Following Woods comment “without a religion they have no hope” the European settlers claimed the religion of the Australian Indigenous people to be invalid due to lack of written material evidence and no real shrines or buildings to indicate a place of worship. The Dreaming is the best explanation of Australian Indigenous...
On the surface level, The Book of Job can be seen as a parable for the idea that one must always keep faith in God, that you must always believe that he will do you right no matter what you go through, despite your trials and tribulations. On the deeper level, it can stand as a basis for cynicism towards blind faith because it speaks of a man who gave his all for a higher being only to have that higher being take everything away for no real reason. It also poses the question “Why do the kind and righteous suffer?”
Cracking down on cybercriminals is an on going battle. The punishment for being convicted of a cyber crime like stealing people’s personal information is very severe. Looking at the case of Albert Gonzales is made of an example. Gonzales was a hacker and was sentenced to twenty years in prison for stealing around 130 million dollars in credit card fraud. The U.S District court shines a light on the hugely horrific trend of cyber attacks. According to The 2009 Annual Report by the Internet Crime Complaint Center and the Federal Bureau of Investigation claim that cybercrime complaints numbered 336,655 in 2009 (http://www.pctools.com/). This was a twenty two point three percent rise from 2008.