Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is usually when a child or an adult isn’t able to focus, is overactive, not able control behavior, or a combination of all of these. ADHD is a neurobehavioral disorder and to be diagnosed the person must considered to be out of the normal range for a person's age and development. There’s three types of ADHD Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type, Predominantly Inattentive Type, and Combination Type. The first type, behavior is determined by hyperactivity and impulsivity, not inattentiveness. Usually doctors can tell this specific type through symptoms like trouble playing quietly, talking excessively or out of turn, can’t sit neither stand still, etc. The second type behavior is marked by inattentiveness, not hyperactivity and impulsivity. This type is determined on how focused your child is, forgetfulness, listening, ability to understand directions, etc. Lastly the third type is a combination of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattentive symptoms which is the most common type of ADHD. While lastly this type is determined if u have a combination of the symptoms listed before. According to NY Times Daily News about 6.4 million children have received an ADHD diagnosis at some point. There has been a 16% increase since 2007 as well as a 53% increase in the past decade. Over the course of years there’s been a doubt of the diagnostic of ADHD therefore there’s been new changes in the criteria.
ADHD symptoms has had different labels, which is why the diagnostic criteria and the name used to describe the characteristics that make up ADHD have changed over time to be more precise. As it stands in the new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) the latest...
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...g and you want to stop but the withdrawal symptoms are so stressful and tiring that you give up. According to HelpGuide.org Stimulant abuse is a growing problem, particularly among teens and young adults. College students take them for a boost when cramming for exams or pulling all-nighters while others abuse stimulant meds for their weight-loss properties.
The diagnostic changes in ADHD have made it so there’s not as much confusion when determining if someone has ADHD or not, because this disease/disorder is decision based the people who made the DSM5 have include examples and specifics so that it’s easier to determine if someone is out of normal development. The change also impacts the public’s perception because now there more wary of how psychiatric medicine, diagnosis, and treatment is handled. Therefore causing a decrease in the amount of possible patients.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that adhd is a neurobehavioral disorder characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattentiveness.
- Explains the side effects of adhd medication, including decreased appetite, headaches, difficulty falling asleep, irritability, and stomach aches. misuse of stimulants can lead to malnutrition and cardiovascular complications.
- Explains that the diagnostic changes in adhd have made it easier to determine if someone is out of normal development. the change also impacts the public's perception because now there are more wary of how psychiatric medicine, diagnosis, and treatment is handled.
- Explains that the diagnostic criteria and the name used to describe the characteristics of adhd have changed over time to be more precise.
Related
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- comparative
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorderexplanatory essayADHD is broken into three subtypes. The first is those who are impulsive and hyperactive. The second type is made up from those who are inattentive only. The third group is those who display all of these symptoms combined. In the United States, 3-5% of children show signs of this disorder. It has also been shown that the disorder is more dominant in boys. Many children with ADHD do not outgrow this disorder and carry it on into their adult lives. Various studies have shown that two-thirds of children with ADHD still have the disorder in their 20’s making it is a problem which affects children and adults alike.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder creates a great deal of discussions among professionals. there are theories presented from each side about what causes it, how to asses it.
- Explains that adhd is a set of behavioral problems revolving around three main symptoms: incapacity to keep their attention focus, impulsiveness, hyperactivity, and restlessness.
- Explains that adhd is broken into three subtypes: impulsive and hyperactive, inattentive only, and all three. in the united states, 3-5% of children show signs of adhd.
- Explains that the dsm iv states that in order to accurately diagnose adhd, the patient must show at least six symptoms. symptoms must have been displayed prior the age of seven and must be present in both social and academic settings.
- Explains the need for specific guidelines in diagnosing adhd because sufferers may show symptoms that stem from other issues. bright students may find their work un-stimulating and become bored, thus becoming inattentive.
- Explains that the diagnosis of adhd offers many challenges, but determining its causes may be an even greater challenge.
- Explains the core issue with adhd is the incapacity to remain focused on any one activity, which causes the person to be unable to finish tasks.
- Explains that there are arguments against the theory that the disorder is neurologically based. some parents claim that their child pays attention if there is something interesting going on.
- Argues that adhd is genetic and runs in the family. strong evidence shows that children with adhd also have parents that suffer.
- Explains that treatment methods on how treat adhd are widely debated. some believe that mild symptoms should only be given psychological, social and educational therapy.
- Explains that the most effective way to treat patients, is through the use of medication. stimulant and non-stimulant drugs are most commonly used.
- Explains that adhd clinics claim to have a success rate between 80-95% and see improvement in key symptoms. however, there are short-term side effects such as headaches, loss of appetite, and sleeping difficulty.
- Opines that there are some who fear there may be long-term problems with these drugs such as growth suppression. there have been studies refuting this theory.
- Explains that adderall is expensive and costs on average $750 per year for on a daily dose of 30mg. the cost jumps to over $3000 with assessments and follow-ups.
- Opines that we must be careful when dealing with adhd and must look at the symptoms and treatment methods on a case by case basis.
- Explains that non-pharmacological treatments for adhd: a lifespan approach. ramsay, j. russell.
- Explains the effectiveness and safety limits of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder pharmacotherapy in children and adults.
- Explains the american psychiatric association's diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders.
1337 wordsRead More - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)analytical essayAttention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, more commonly known as ADD or ADHD, has become much more common recently. As of 1994 the DSM-IV stated that about 3%-5% of American school aged children have this disorder. While it is quite a few children, what I find to be even more interesting are the male-to-female ratios within the disorder. They range from 4:1 to 9:1. According to Wade, Carol &Travis (2000), boys make up 80 to 90 percent of all ADHD cases. What I've looked into finding out is why there is such a gender difference. I wanted to know if it was because the way society raises girls, or are boys really at a higher risk for it.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder has become more common in recent years. the male-to-female ratios range from 4:1 to 9:1.
- Explains that they are interested in how the label of having adhd affects girls as opposed to boys. this topic is relevant to psychology because it is looking at the females social development.
- Explains that adhd is a disorder in which there are persistent patterns of inattention and/or impulsivity. it is leading cause of school failure and under-achievement.
- Explains the three sub-categories of hyperactive-impulsive, inattention, and combined types.
- Explains that most of their research focused on how gender and society play into the diagnosis of adhd more in boys than in girls.
- Explains that greene's 2001 study looked at how girls with adhd were perceived socially. the results were consistent with the thoughts that it raises the risk for the effects of adhd on the child.
- Explains that gaub and carlson analyzed the prevalence rates of adhd and the male to female ratios. they used structured interviews, but changed some questions because they were making the dsm-iv criteria for adhd.
- Explains that biederman (1999) talked about the difference between the types of adhd in girls and boys, stating that girls have intellectual impairment, mood, and anxiety disorders, while boys have hyperactive disorders and conduct disorders.
- Explains biederman's findings that adhd in girls is a very overlooked, yet serious disorder. it is associated with impairment in multiple domains of functioning.
- Explains that sharp (1999) looked into the lack of literature on adhd in girls. they found that girls were being treated less for adhd because they had different symptoms.
- Analyzes littman's article about adhd symptoms in girls, stating that they tend to struggle with self-esteem, depression, and anxiety.
- Analyzes littman's points about the different ways adhd manifests itself in girls and boys, and the misdiagnosis of many females by diagnosing them with depression or anxiety.
- Cites an article in the brown university child and adolescent behavior letter that talked about a study that included 24 females and 34 males with adhd and 28 female and 20 male controls. rucklidge's study found that female adhd was significantly more diminished in the areas of depression, anxiety, distress, teacher relationships, stress, attributional styles and focus of control.
- Opines that more research on adhd can help girls avoid being misdiagnosed or going without any form of treatment.
- Explains the american psychiatric association's diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th edition.
- Summarizes gaub, carlson, and biederman's research on gender differences in adhd.
1672 wordsRead More - According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about one-half of 1.6 million elementary school-aged children diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have also been diagnosed with a learning disability (LD) (Brown University Child and Adolescence Behavior Letter, 2001). The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (1997) stated that ADHD affects 3 to 5 percent of all children, and boys are three times more likely to be affected by the disorder than girls. The cause of ADHD is unknown, and the disorder and its symptoms are chronic and pervasive (www.asha.org). In the Fourth Edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual ADHD is categorized into three subtypes which are ADHD Predominantly Inattention Type, ADHD Predominantly Hyperactivity-Impulsive Type, and ADHD Combined Type.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that one-half of 1.6 million elementary school-aged children diagnosed with adhd have a learning disability. the cause of adhd is unknown, and its symptoms are chronic and pervasive.
- Explains that inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity have their effects on speech and language.
- Explains that marshall and hynd's study showed math achievement differences among the two subtypes. children with add without hyperactivity scored significantly lower in mathematics than children with adhd.
- Explains that the kaufman test of educational achievement (ktea) was given to 4 groups of children that measured reading decoding, reading comprehension, spelling, and arithmetic computation.
- Explains that the study of prater investigated the effects of self-monitoring of academic performance and on-task behaviors on children with learning disabilites and add/adhd.
1238 wordsRead More - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)explanatory essayAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), more commonly referred to as ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder), has only recently come to notice of scientists. It affects 3.5 million people under the age of 18 and 5 million people over the age of 18. Its current cause of existence is due to defects at neurotransmitter sites, rendering patients inattentive and impulsive. However, every year more progress is made in locating the cause and finding more effective treatments. ADHD's first diagnosis was made in 1902 by Dr. George Still.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd) affects 3.5 million people under 18 and 5 million over the age of 18. it is due to defects at neurotransmitter sites, rendering patients inattentive and impulsive.
- States that the diagnostical and statistical manual of mental disorder, fourth edition, has cumulated all the various behaviors of children with adhd and listed 9 trademark symptoms of adhd.
- Explains that adhd is a maladaptive behavior that can be eliminated by examining the child's developmental history and current behavior.
- Explains that the most popular method of diagnosis of adhd is the attention deficit disorder behavior rating scale (addbr).
- Explains that the most widely accepted cause of adhd is neurotransmitter deficiencies. dopamine and nerepenephrin regulate attention and impulsiveness areas of the brain.
- Explains that patients with adhd have decreased blood flow and lower levels of electrical activity in the frontal lobes, lower glucose metabolism in regions that regulate movement and attention, and resistance to the thyroid hormone.
- Explains that the cause of adhd points to biological disturbances, so medications are used to diminish the disorder.
- Explains that ritalin, dexedrine, and cylert are the most commonly used stimulants to alleviate the symptoms of adhd.
- Explains that sometimes other medications are needed in addition to stimulants or antidepressants. beta-blockers decrease anxiety and tension. clonidine helps to increase calmness. depression is a common complaint of adhd patients.
- Argues that some psychologists feel that adhd patients need special education and therapy more than medication. therapy aids in adjustment to the disorder, but medication helps the actual symptoms.
- Explains that there is much to be learned about attention deficit disorder, but current treatments are effective. the sooner adhd is detected, the sooner the child can live a more normal lifestyle into his/her adulthood.
- Explains that oedipus and the momma's boys: attention deficit disorder paper/resource page from an adder.
1014 wordsRead More - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)comparative essayAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder What is ADHD? Attention Deficit Disorder (AD/HD) is mostly an organic problem, which tends to run in families. ADHD is the most commonly diagnosed behavioral disorder in childhood. An estimated 3 to 5 percent of the general population suffers from the disorder, which is characterized by agitated behavior and an inability to focus on tasks. ¡§
In this essay, the author
- Explains that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ad/hd) is an organic problem, which tends to run in families.
- Explains that adhd affects many areas of a child's life, including self-esteem, academic skills, social relationships, and family relationships. stimulants have been used for over 50 years in the treatment of children with adhd.
- Opines that the classroom can be one of the most aggravating places for the adhd student, his/her classmates, and the teacher.
- Advises students to surround themselves with role models, preferably students who view them as significant others. bob seay, author of teaching the ad/hd student, lists a few helpful tips to decrease distractions.
- Recommends seating adhd students in the front, middle of the room, incorporating learning activities into your classes, and working with them one-on-one if you can.
- Advises students to keep eye contact during verbal instructions, make directions clear and concise, simplify complex directions, and avoid multiple commands.
- Explains that children will need more help for longer periods of time than the average child. studies show that symptoms of childhood adhd persist into adulthood in about half of the cases.
- Explains that there is not a cure for adhd, although medication helps there are side effects. they decided to major in education but minor in special ed to help children like the student at college park elementary school.
- Cites about.com, the council for exceptional children, and vitiello m.d., benedetto. long-term effects of stimulant medications in ad/hd children.
- Explains that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder adults: comorbidities and adaptive impairments.
1078 wordsRead More - ADHD and Adolescenceexplanatory essayAttention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is a common mental disorder whose definition continues to change. Most clinicians make a diagnosis off of a list of symptoms in three categories: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. There are three different subtypes of ADHD: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Combined Type if both the inattentive criteria and the hyperactive/impulsive criteria have been present for the past six months; Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Predominantly Inattentive Type if the inattention criteria are met but the hyperactive/impulsive criteria has not been present for the past six months; and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Predominantly Hyperactive/Impulsive Type if the hyperactive criteria has been met but the inattentive criteria has not been present for the past six months (Robin 15).
In this essay, the author
- Explains that they have a 17-year-old with adhd who struggles in school, social skills, and anger management. they wish they had been more open to letting him be tested when he was younger.
- Cites the american academy of child and adolescent psychiatry's website: http://www.aacap.org/cs/root/publication_store/your_ado
- Explains that adhd affects 3 to 5 percent of children and is two to three times more likely in boys than in girls.
- Explains that psychosocial intervention includes behavior therapy, school interventions, family therapy and care coordination. adolescent transitioning to adulthood faces a unique set of problems.
- Explains wolraich, mark l., et al. "attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder among adolescents: a review of the diagnosis, treatment, and clinical implications."
1150 wordsRead More - Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorderexplanatory essayAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD), is the most common psychiatric disorder among children today. It’s symptoms are not necessarily obvious and start at various times. Some children give indication of having the disorder before they are born, others are not diagnosed with having it until their preteen years. ADHD overlaps with several other conditions, further confusing physicians and mental health professionals who attempt to provide a diagnosis.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that attention deficit hyperactive disorder (adhd) is the most common psychiatric disorder among children today. it's symptoms are not necessarily obvious and start at various times.
- Explains that hyperactive children are often misdiagnosed as 'emotionally disturbed' and create chaos in the home and at school. the number, severity, and types of symptoms differ from one child to the next.
- Explains that henrich hoffman's der struwelpeter, a collection of humorous moral tales for children, described the behavior of hyperactive children in 1845.
- Explains that dozens of labels have been used for a collection of traits that has come to be known as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
- Explains that research studies point to a 5 to 10% number of children who have the syndrome; some experts believe the true number is closer to 20% of the general population.
- Explains that adhd children's zest, tirelessness, enthusiasm, intensity, curiosity, and life of the party energy serve as social catalysts. they have rich imaginations and can quickly generate new and different ideas.
- Explains that adhd is difficult to diagnose because it tends to appear gradually. neurological and physiological studies indicate that adhd sufferers have a wide range of biochemical imbalance and uniqueness.
- Explains that adhd boys are more likely to be overactive, aggressive, disruptive, and referred for child guidance services. both are physically active and rowdy, with the girls being tomboyish.
- Explains that adhd sufferers are poor at focusing concentration, channeling effort, and saving energy for useful purposes. they are drawn magnetically to stray flashes of light, noise, or internal body signals.
- Explains that motivation plays a large role in determining attention to tasks. adhd children are especially distracted when mental discipline or self-restraint is needed. participating sports, television shows, videotapes, and computer games command the sustained interest and attention of hyperactive children.
- Explains that adhd children have trouble recognizing an object that stands out from the background and making decisions based on relevant factors. they are scatterbrained, absentminded, and forgetful.
- Explains that adhd children have trouble understanding ordinary conversations or lectures, especially sorting out details, listening for key information, and sifting through what the other person is saying for points of agreement.
- Explains that adhd children jump, fidget, squirm, and wiggle. they need to be constantly busy and are unable to sit quietly and rest.
- Explains that adhd children are constantly moving their mouths and are noisy and loud at play. they also have sleeping problems, coordination issues, self-centered, impatient, reckless and extreme emotional problems.
- Describes some indications that a child will be adhd, such as hyperactivity in the womb, poor maternal health, first pregnancy, high blood pressure during pregnancy and alcohol abuse.
- Explains that hyperactive children continue to have multiple problems as adolescents, though hyperactivity has decreased. problems with aggression, poor self-concept, impaired peer relationships, and poor school performance become prominent.
- Explains that adhd children have higher rates of delinquency and conduct disorders and lower iq’s and academic achievement scores than those whose symptoms stop at early adolescence.
1312 wordsRead More - Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorderexplanatory essayThis paper will attempt to describe Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The different causative factors, as well as the diagnosis of this disorder will also be described. Finally, the different treatments that are available for ADHD will be discussed.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the paper will describe attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adhd), the different causative factors, and the diagnosis of this disorder.
- Explains that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a psychological condition that usually begins in early childhood and often lasts into adulthood.
- Explains the three broad sets of symptoms associated with adhd: inattention and distractibility, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
- Explains the dsm-iv-tr criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
- Explains that six (or more) of the following symptoms of inattention have been present, lasted for at least 6 months, and are not appropriate for the child's developmental level.
- Explains the symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity, which include difficulty organizing tasks and activities, distractions, and forgetting to do daily activities.
- Opines that a person can't play quietly or engage in leisure activities if they're 'driven by motors'. they cite butcher, mineka, and hooley.
- Explains that there are currently three sub-types of adhd: predominately inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive, and combined.
- Explains that genetics, environmental factors, brain injuries, nutrition, and social environments might contribute to adhd. researchers have identified neuro-developmental factors and neurophysiological deficits in several neurotransmitter systems as contributing factors.
- Explains that a licensed health professional needs to gather information about the child, and his or her behavior and environment.
- Explains that the specialist will check school and medical records to see if there are any abnormalities in the child's home or school settings.
- Explains that there are two types of medications that are used for treating adhd: stimulants and non-stimulants.
- Explains the different types of psychotherapy that are useful in treating adhd, such as behavioral therapy and social skills. children with adhd need their parents and teachers to guide and understand them.
- Reports that as of 2011, 6.4 million children between the ages of 4 and 17 have been diagnosed with adhd.
- Concludes that adhd is a common childhood mental disorder that affects millions of children, but with the proper treatment plan, most children can learn how to function with this disorder.
- Explains that the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) has released data on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adhd).
- Cites university of illinois' a student's guide to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adhd).
1487 wordsRead More - Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)explanatory essayAttention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Introduction Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), once called hyperkinesis or minimal brain dysfunction, is one of the most common mental disorders among children. (Elia, Ambrosini, Rapoport, 1999) It affects 3 to 5 percent of all children, with approximately 60% to 80% of these children experiencing persistence of symptoms into adolescence and adulthood, causing a lifetime of frustrated dreams and emotional pain. There are two types of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: an inattentive type and a combined type. The symptoms of ADHD can be classified into three categories: inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder affects 3 to 5 percent of children, with persistence of symptoms into adolescence and adulthood.
- Explains that stimulant drugs are widely used to treat the symptoms of adhd, such as methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine and pemoline.
- Explains the effectiveness of atomoxetine, a stimulant drug used for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
- Explains that another trial on the topic of treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder has included five newest food and drug administration (fda) approved stimulant agents — concerta, metadate cd, ritalin la, adderall xr, focalin.
- Explains that innovative technology has fuelled the development of new release mechanisms and isolation of active enantiomer components with the hopes of enhancing the duration of action and improving the safety and effectiveness of stimulant agents.
- Explains that concerta was the first extended relief or long-lasting drug available for the sufferers of adhd. metadate cd is the second stimulant drug on the market.
- Compares the characteristics of newly approved psychostimulants based on age and over 6 years. the recommended daily dose is 54 mg 60 mg.
- Explains that ritalin la uses the spheroidal oral drug absorption system (sodas) technology producing the same effect as a normal stimulant taken at four-hour intervals.
- Explains that the final experiment that researches the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder focuses on the combining effects of stimulant therapy, such as ritalin, eeg biofeedback, and the parenting style.
- Explains that research is done to improve conditions and quality of life for those suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. stimulant therapy can be conveniently taken once a day. alternative treatments are available.
- Cites brown university child and adolescent behavior center's report that fda approves new nonstimulant treatment for adhd.
- Cites michelson, albert j. allen, joan busner, charles casat, david dunn, christopher kratochvil, jeffrey newcorn, f. randy sallee, r. bart sangal, keith saylor, scott west, douglas kelsey,
- Explains the effects of stimulant therapy, eeg biofeedback, and parenting style on the primary symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
1686 wordsRead More - The ADD/ADHD Controversyexplanatory essayKinman, T. (2012). ADHD and ADD: Differences, Types, Symptoms, and Severity. Healthline. Retrieved on December 3, 2013, from
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the us has a higher rate of diagnosis and medication than the uk because the definition of add/adhd is more broad than in the united kingdom.
- Explains that controversy sells and highlights every detail of add/adhd, from the causes to the flaws in the medical system to parents.
- Explains kinman, t., adhd and add: differences, types, symptoms, and severity.
- Explains martin, b. (2007). causes of attention deficit disorder (adhd). psych central.
- Explains that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: what is adhd?
- Explains that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd) is one of the most common childhood disorders. the american psychiatric association released the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition in may 2013.
- Explains that add/adhd is not a medical condition, and that there is no established single cause.
630 wordsRead More