Hollow Village in China, which not only has resulted in wasting and inefficient using of the rural land resources, but also has impediment to the sustainable development of rural economy and society, is the result of the degenerative evolution of rural economic social transformation and the Chinese urban-rural dual economic structure model. The factors affecting the formation and evolution of Hollow Village are mainly involving economic, natural environment, social and cultural, as well as the policy and management. In fact, in the recent years, some of the Hollow Villages has been improved, but some of them are definitely not, it is totally depends on the local governments’ policy. This scholarly article used a Hollow Villages (Tang Dong village) in China under the non-coordination between the county level and municipal level’s government’s policy, to analysis the rural urbanization.
Introduction:
Since the reform and opening-up policy in 1978, there has been a rapid economic growth in China for more than 30 years. Moreover, the consequential result of the economic growth, such as urbanization and industrialization were also appeared subsequently. Under the reform and opening-up policy, the GDP per capita of China has grown by about 10% per year, even today; there are also 7.7% growth. At the same time, the population of non-agricultural employment from 29% of the population of national labor force surged to more than 66% and the urban population of the total population in China has climbed to nearly 60% by 2012.
With the increase in transfer of the rural non-agricultural employment, the wealth of the rural residents is also being increased. As the result, the demands for the rural housing are also going to rise. Unfortunatel...
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...ated and has resulted in obstructing the destruction of ancestral houses. Therefore, Hollow Villages are then emerged.
Policy and management:
Under nowadays policy, the farm land in China is owned by the farmer collective (village committees), peasantries are authorized to use the land for framing only, but not allowed to freedom transfer. However, since the development in non-agricultural, there is a dwindling in engaging in framing, therefore most of the farm land is idle.
In addition, because of the property rights of the framer collective are not clear and there are discrepancy between the village committees and “國土資源所 ”, as well as the endemic in corruption of the rural cadres, therefore, many of the peasantries then occupy the farm land for building new house in private.
The emergences of Hollow Village are directly affected by this policy and management.
Land preparation for farming and animal rearing was done using a method called girdling – tree killing. They will cut around each tree to stop nutrient from getting to the tree and the leaves will later felled down. They will now come back and cut the branches of the trees and burn the underbrush. Farmer starts plowing as the trees stumps decays and stones will be removed from the fields. Fields for farming are always small because of labor and there are boundaries between fields and the neighbors. The house or the farm was viewed as the workplace. And land given out to each family will be fenced to stop cattle from wandering off going into the farm areas. The land allocated to each family will show the family social status within the community. The towns developed individually and community involvement was given a great significant although the community was close knit.
What is rural? On the Health Resources and Services Administration of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services website the U.S. Census Bureau defines the word "rural" to mean “whatever is not urban” ("Defining the Rural Population," n.d, p. 1). The Census Bureau describes urban centers as populations of 50,000 or more and urban clusters ...
The smallholders (farmers) were in “the midst of a nation brought to the verge of moral, political and material ruin” (Foner, 2013,p.642). They have been faced by numerous struggles politically as well as economically. To begin with, they were denied the right to direct vote and choose a representative to remedy their problems. Corruption has manifested through the congress and legislatures. The capitalists hav...
In villages there were private and public lands and in most there was no separating fence. In the public lands or village commons villagers could gather wood or have their livestock graze in the pastures and sum of the less wealthy
While in China a similar problem became evident, the farmers of China began to notice the deterioration of agriculture and while they had no money because the lack of food they were also being pushed off their lands by the Qing (Bulliet, Crossley, Hedrick, Hirsch, Johnson, and Northrup).... ... middle of paper ... ... Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2007.
The two major communities that individuals live in are urban and rural. Both types have both positive and negative aspects. The focus of this paper is on rural communities. From my research rural environments are not as popular as urban ones; however, the citizens who live in these communities are very happy with the lifestyle they chose. The word rural is generally associated with communities that lack accessibility to public services such as transit, shopping, and entertainment. This is generally used in communities where farming is a primary occupation. In my study I interviewed three individuals who identify as living in a rural community.
China has approximately 20% of the world’s population, which is around 1.3 billion people (Morris, 2009, p. 111). Also, China has become one of the worlds biggest manufacturing countries within 30 years (Fawssett, 2009, p. 27). However, such rapid development has come at a cost, which has created various environmental problems. Coincidentally, China has 16 cities on a list of the 20 worst polluted cities in the world (Fawssett, 2009, p. 15). Therefore, this essay will explain the reasons for China’s environmental problems, then evaluate the claim that the Chinese government and people, are tackling these environmental problems. First, crop farming techniques over the last hundred years, and their consequences will be explained. Followed by, how peoples choice in food has changed over the last hundred years, and how this indirectly affects the environment. Then, how a capitalist economy is linked to agriculture, and finally what the Chinese government and people are doing to tackle these problems.
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The rise in China from a poor, stagnant country to a major economic power within a time span of twenty-eight years is often described by analysts as one of the greatest success stories in these present times. With China receiving an increase in the amount of trade business from many countries around the world, they may soon be a major competitor to surpass the U.S. China became the second largest economy, last year, overtaking Japan which had held that position since 1968 (Gallup). China could become the world’s largest economy in decades.