CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 OVERVIEW OF SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES
In India, the small-scale industrial sector has been a key contributor to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This sector in India is measured to have a huge growth panorama with its wide range of products. With 40% contribution in total industrial output and 35% contribution towards exports, the small-scale industrial sector in India is performing as the engine of expansion.
1.1.1 SMALL-SCALE INDUSTRY: A CONCEPT
In the course of passing the years, the definition of small-scale industry has been modified many times. First, it deleted the employment factor from the point of view of promoting the official programme under successive plan periods. Secondly, it jumbled the fixed capital by redefining it to include machinery only in a phased manner. This change has necessitated the need to off-set the higher cost of machinery arising out of the rising prices and to a greater extent the opportunities to small-scale enterprises.
Presently, the Small Scale Industries are segregated into two categories- those using power with manpower less than 50 and those not using power with the manpower strength being more than 50 but less than 100. On the other hand,
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The problem of raw materials continues to plague the small scale industries (Malga1997) . Raw materials are available neither in sufficient quantity, nor of required quality and also not at normal price level. Being small customers, the producers are not able to go for bulk buying like the large industries. This leads to taking whatever quality is available in quality and at high prices. The small-scale industries face the acute problem of marketing their products. The challenges arise from such factors are production in small scale, lack of market knowledge, competition from technically more strong units, shortage of marketing amenities,
RNRA Team, “Supermarkets, Fresh Produce and New Commodity Chains: What Future for the Small Producer?” Hot Topics: February, 2004.
Firstly, industrialisation has expanded the employment opportunities in India. People living in rural areas have moved to cities in search of better employment.
...fferentiation of fields like production, transportation, consumption and so on. Change in them with respect to time indirectly determines the increase in the dependency on machines which in turn gauge the industrial growth of a nation. With reference to above measures, it can be observed that the onset of Industrial Revolution in India was early but very sluggish. India is neither a developed, nor an underdeveloped nation. The ongoing ‘industrial revolution’ has classified it as a developing nation.
Food industry can be chartered by low margin industry, while along with the shift of power from the manufacturer to the purchaser, the price and demand became flexible, and the product variety increased.
There are a lot of factors that determines whether or not a company will be successful. These factors are usually derived from economics. One factor that I plan to focus on is scale economies or better known as economies of scale. Firms that have expanded their scale of operations to obtain economies of mass production have survived and flourished. Whereas smaller firms who have not been able to expand have usually ended up as high-cost producers. The topic discussed will be the Italian automotive industry and how it is affected by economies of scale.
The Consumer and Industrial Products, Inc a company where their headquarters is based in the United States , also doing business internationally with facilities in Europe, Asia and South America. They are a manufacturing company what produced well known products to individuals and industries. This company is experiencing a great deal of trouble with their internal Payable Audit System (PAS) and how it would purchase goods; receive goods and pays for them. They are challenged with the redundancy and the lack of productivity to their system. They were finding ways to lower costs and eliminating steps in how these processes are getting accomplished. They decided that they needed to change their system and the way they did things at their business. There are some people, their roles and departments that will be closely involved with the process of this project. Some of these important roles will come from Ted Anderson director of disbursements, Peter Shaw the user project manager and Linda Watkins project director for the Payable Audit System (PAS). In addition, the Steering Group and the IS management department will have some important roles to the project too. Finally, there will be several major problems with the development of the project and how the one person would deal with these issues.
There were fierce competitions among the producers that have scale and scope of operations which were similar to each other. For instance, the Pepsi Co. and Coca Cola companies have developed the strategy and infrastructure, which are hard for the local sellers to complete with them. However, there were still many producers including new entrants that try to access the market and compete seriously with low price and differentiation- strategies among rival...
Although small businesses do not make a lot of major deals with large investors, most small businesses create profit revenue greater than large corporations. Small business creators are very brave considering only ten percent of small businesses survive. Unfortunately, some communities do not support local small businesses; they only support the large brand name and force small businesses to die out. Since small businesses will not have a name brand known around the world, many people from communities will not support them because they are not known on a national scale. “This, in turn will affect the local economy and drive capital out of their local economy. On average, for every one hundred dollars spent in an economy, if spent on a
The leadership of an authoritative figure can create success or lead to failure in an organization. The medium-sized manufacturing company, Microstar Industries, has the ability to be successful and collaborative. But in order to achieve this goal, all departments and employees within the company need to work together cohesively and coherently. The following report will address the following problems determined in the sales departments:
As a massive provider of consumer goods in India, Hindustan Lever Limited (HLL), is attempting to penetrate the rural markets where there is a massive opportunity for growth. HLL’s current operating sectors are becoming increasingly competitive and crowded. Their best opportunities now lie in developing new markets and rising to the top of that market. They are attempting to do this with a program for developing entrepreneurs, named Shaktis. Met with initial success the program now needs to grow without increasing costs.
Growth in the small and medium business in Canada and other developed countries has been very significant. This sector of the business community now represents about 40 percent of GDP and accounts more than half of total employment. Today small businesses are more diverse and more vigorous than ever, but they also faces newer and more challenges or inhibitors to their growth than their older conter parts. This research will attempt to find the answer to the following hypothetical question:
Within every major economy, a great factor in providing the energy of the core of the nations economy is the small and medium enterprises. These cluster of firms are what provide new economic activity, new innovative products and services, along with growing employment and in general a crucial system in ensuring the economy is at a stable growth level. With a majority of this activity stemming from family controlled or managed businesses, the focus on developing a global and long term perspective for these firms are ever growing in importance because of the global perspective entrepreneurship has started to take.
There are various definitions of smaller enterprises provided from different times and areas. One of the earliest definitions was provided by Bolton Report (1971), which has indicated that a small enterprise should meet three criteria: independent (not part of a larger enterprise); managed in a personalized manner(simple management structure); relatively small share of the market(the enterprise is a price ‘taker’ rather than price ‘maker’). There are also quantitative definition of the smaller enterprise in terms of measurement of the assets, turnover, profitability and employment from different sectors and countries (Bolton, 1971).
Small, medium enterprises (SMEs) are largest types business in the world, making up an estimated 99.7% of business. According to the Federation of Small Businesses (FSB) there are nearly five million existing businesses in the UK as of 2013. SMEs are a key contributor towards economic growth in terms of creating more employment, stimulating innovation and promoting social unity. SMEs are responsible for 47% of private sector employment, yet despite such global present there is still no agreed definition of a SME (Storey 1994). Bolton (1971) attempted to define them through a statistical and economic analysis. Classifications which are based on criteria, such as number of employees or annual turnover, however, do not remain consistent across borders. Given their size, smaller companies tend to be more intent on survival rather than expansion and profit maximisation. Smaller sized firms have always felt that the current reporting framework for IFRS is tailored more for the needs of larger companies and that the heavy cost burden it imposes upon them may not be entirely justified. In response to these concerns, the IASB subsequently issued the IFRS for Small and Medium-sized Entities (IFRS for SMEs) in July 2009. This standard offers an alternative framework which can be adopted by entities in place of the already extant full set of IFRSs or local national requirement standards.(Holt 2010) This essay will critically evaluate the impact of the IFRS for SME’s and whether or not it stands as the most suitable framework available for SMEs to use.
Business involved by two or more members of the family and is owned within the family is the simplest way to define family business. In this type of business the positions in the company is filled according the family blood. The founder of the business is usually the skull of the company, the rest of the positions are taken place by the family member which are usually higher positions where else other positions are filled by non family members.