#1MAKE OBSERVATIONS:
We were learning in my biology class about genetics and the types of blood, so I started to wonder that in case a person has an accident and they need blood, then what would happen if the recipient gets an incompatible blood type from the donor.
#2ASK QUESTIONS
During transfusion of blood, if a person gets a different type of blood that it is not compatible with theirs, what would happen?
#3 HYPOTHESES
• ABO incompatible blood transfusions are not common/rare but it can affect other organs of the body.
• Patients get allergic reactions if they receive incompatible blood type.
• Non compatible vs. compatible blood type has same symptoms during/ after transfusion.
• Patients that receive an incompatible blood type can have severe reactions and sometimes it can lead to death.
#4 PREDICTIONS
If you are blood type A, B, AB, O, and receive the wrong blood type then you will get an allergic reaction during or after blood transfusion.
#5 TEST WITH CONTROLS
Maybe you could…. observe how is the patient reacting during transfusion to determine if their blood type is not compatible with the donor’s blood.
#6 EXPLORATION
SOURCE #1.
• Types of blood A, B, AB, O (people with this type of blood are known as universal donors)
• Also people with RH + can get RH+ or RH- blood type only, and people with RH- should only get RH- blood.
• Transfusion must always work with your type of blood and if not the antibodies in the blood can get sick.
• To prepare blood for transfusion, blood banks do the white cell reduction because some people are allergic to them.
• People can donate blood prior to a surgery, that way you can use your own blood.
How often can you donate blood? Are there any requirements?
• The type of transfusion you ...
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...n of plasma and platelets if you case you are experiencing extensive clotting
• Stroke, bleeding, blood supply shut down.
• Identity checking /matching, correct labeling, check twice donors and recipient bloods.
• Cross match test / microscope.
SOURCE #5
• Antihistamines, steroids, intravenous, other medicines.
• Fever, yellow skin, feeling like something is going to happen, pain. Blood in urine as well.
• Blood test shows if you have anemia & blood compatibility
• Test the donors and recipient blood carefully to prevent symptoms and reactions
• Transfusion/ organ transplant. (Correct blood type to prevent ABO incompatibility reaction.)
• A, B, O major blood types. Proteins form antibodies which react against.
• Complications in kidney, blood pressure and even lead to death.
#7 REPEAT
What would happen if you receive an ABO incompatible blood transfusion?
○ ABO incompatibility. People with an O blood type have antibodies that can attack blood cells in type A or B blood. If a mother 's blood type is O and her baby 's blood type is A or B, her antibodies may destroy the baby 's red blood cells and cause hemolytic disease.
Every one in two thousand people are diagnosed with hereditary spherocytosis. This rare blood disorder is of the Northern European ancestry. The prevalence of hereditary spherocytosis in people of other ethnic backgrounds is unknown (Government). This disease should be detected in early childhood, but in some rare cases it can go undetected for years or never be detected at all. Hereditary spherocytosis not only affects the red blood cells but the spleen as well. It only takes one abnormal gene for a child to have the disease for the rest of his or her life. The disease is a reoccurring cycle, and this rare blood disorder is rare to the minds that do not have the disease, and to the minds that have not studied the disease. Although there is no definite cure a splenectomy will help maintain the disease. The million dollar question is “What is hereditary spherocytosis and is there a cure?”
Harmening, D. M. (2005). Modern Blood Banking & Transfusion Practices. Philidelphia, PA: F.A. Davis Company.
According to Karen C. Timberlake, “every individual’s blood can be typed as one of four blood groups” (556). The differences in blood is what makes every human body different from the next. Studies have shown that “people have either blood group A, B, AB, or O, with each type occurring at different frequencies in populations around the world” (Ananthaswamy 15). An individual with one type of blood cannot share blood or organs with an individual of a different blood type. Failure to distinguish different blood types can cause reject when a patient receives the wrong type from a donor. Certain methods are used in determining what type of blood a patient has. However, there are certain blood types that can accept any type of blood, and there are also blood types that can be used for any type of patient. There are many different characteristics used for categorizing blood, such as blood types, agglutination, carbohydrates, antigens and antibodies.
Currently more than 118,617 men, women, and children are waiting for a transplant. With this high demand of organ transplants there is a need of supply. According to the OPTN Annual report of 2008, the median national waiting time for a heart transplant is 113 days, 141 days for lungs, 361 days for livers, 1219 days for kidneys, 260 days for pancreas, 159 days for any part of the intestine. With this world of diseases and conditions, we are in desperate desideratum of organs. Organ transplants followed by blood into a donating organ transfusions, are ways medical procedures are helping better the lives of the patients.
Blood doping could have opposite effect of those intended. A large infusion of red blood cells could increase blood thickness and cause a decrease in cardiac output and a reduction in oxygen content. Both would reduce aerobic capacity. The human heart was not designed to pump thickened blood throughout the body and, therefore, it could lead to a multitude of problems. The diseases that can be contracted from autologous blood transfusion are severe. Even more frightening is the list of diseases that can be contracted through homologous blood transfusion. It includes hepatitis, AIDS, malaria, and CMV. In addition, shock is a factor to be aware of.
There are four different types of blood; A, B, AB, and O. This is called the ABO blood typing system. All four different types of blood serve the same purpose of transporting nutrients and oxygen throughout the human body. But what makes them different? Blood typing is based on the presence or absence of A and B cell antigens which trigger antibodies. Each kind of blood has it’s own antibody or immunoglobulin, which are proteins produced by the immune system to help stop intruders from invading your body. Therefore,
Although blood transfusions had been used before the First World War, many were not successful due to lack of knowledge in this type of treatments. World War I pushed the development of blood transfusions, allowing them to be safer. Before the war in the 17th century, blood transfusions often occurred with the use of animal blood, a practice that did not achieve desired results. These transfusions often times came from sheep, and although they were sometimes successful, it was discovered that any large amounts of transfusions would cause death. Coming to the conclusion that animal blood transfusions did not save lives, scientists looked to humans for human to human transfusions. Many of these attempted transfusions were met with failure but in 1818, Dr. James Blundell accomplished the first successful human blood transfusion; four ounces of blood were transferred to the patient from her husband. From that moment on, doctors began to learn even more about blood transfusions and how to do them properly. By 1901, the four human blood groups were discovered by Karl Landsteiner; with less differences in the bloods transfused together, coagulation and clumping amounts decreased. This benefited many lives in that toxic reactions to the wrong types of blood did not occu...
Thalassemia is basically a name for similar groups of inherited blood diseases that involve missing or abnormal genes regarding the protein in hemoglobin which is the red blood cells that carry oxygen throughout the body. I will discuss the different types of Thalassemia, how Thalassemia is diagnosed, and the treatments available. I will also discuss the complications and side effects of the treatments, the disease’s causes and effects, and how it is more dominant in some parts of the world than others. Thalassemia is a blood disorder which means the body makes fewer healthy red blood cells and less hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a protein that carries oxygen throughout the body and having less hemoglobin leads to anemia. Alpha globin and beta globin are the proteins that create Hemoglobin. A defect in the gene that helps control production of alpha or beta goblin leads to Thalassemia. Fewer blood cells leads to anemia, which is the common culprit in Thalassemia.
The four main types of blood are A, B, AB, and O. If a person is given the wrong blood type, the antibodies destroy the cells. A and B are the two types of antigens. If on red blood cells you have the A antigen, you will have type A blood, if you have type B blood on the red blood cells, then you have type B blood, and if you have neither, your blood type is O. If you have type A blood, you have the opposite type of antib...
V. To put this need into context, currently more than 4,000 gallons of red blood cells are used in
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The white blood cells destroy any unfamiliar pathogens in the bloodstream and can cause inflammation. Therefore, the inflammation causes a surplus of white blood cells to clot the wound for healing.
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